Table Of ContentN
ationalainsdITl
PolitIidceanlt ity
F.
SandraJ oiren1an
Nationalainsdm
PolitiIdceanlt ity
SandrFau llertJoo ni reman
Continuum
TheT oweBr uilding 15E as2t6 tShtr eet
11Y ork Road New York
LondoSnE,1 7NX NY 10010
© SandFrulalen.o n Joirema2n00 3
Alrli ghrtess erveNdo. p ano ft hipsu blicamtiaoyben reproduocrtrae mdm ittcd in
anyf orOmT bya nym eanse,l ectroornm iecc haniicnacll,u dpihnogt ocopying,
recordoirna gn,yi nformatisownr ageo rr etrievals ystewmi,t hopurti poerrm issiion n
writinfrogm the publishers.
BritishL ibraryC ataloguing-inD-aPtuab lication
A catalorgeuceo frodtr h ibso oki sa vailfraobml Teh eB ritiLsihb rary.
ISBN0 826645 900 (hardback)
0826645 919 (paperback)
Typesebty B ookEnLtds, RoystoHne,r ts.
Primeadn db ounidn G reat Brbyi MtaPiGn BookLst dB,o dminC,o mwall
c:C)NTENTS
Acknowledgements
IntroductIidoenn:t aintydt heP olitoifBc esl onging 1
1.EthnicaintydN ationalism !l
2 Primordialism 19
3. lnsttumenralism .15
4 Social Constmccivism SA
5. lJ
Quebec
6. 90
Bosnia-Herzegovina
7 Northern Ireland 108
8 Eritrea 12.2
9. 1A6
RespondtionV gi oleEntth niCocn flict
lrukx 15.2
Obta s
Fort hosweh os urvived:
MlentoWoe sleayn dP atriciaJWaebsbleeDhy. ,W illiaanmd
MaryT artJya,s paenrd T ewahN daborlor
AC�lN{()WLE)J(;EMENTS
I wasfi rsste nsittiozt ehdei ssuoefsp olitiidceanlti wthye nI was
workiinngL iberiin1a 9 87a nd1 988b eforteh ec ivwialrt herbee gan.
Att het imIew asa v eriyn quisaintdin vae'i vceo llesgteu deanstk,i ng
manyq uestiaobnosu wth atw ash appenipnogl itiacnadlw lhyy
everyownaess oa fraiMda.n yg raciLoiubse risapnesnt ti meex plaining
thei na ndo utosf e thnpiocl itiidceanlt ifictaomt ei.oS nh ortlayft eIr
leftLi beraiv ai ciocuisvw ialrb egainnw hicphe opwleer kei llfoerd
whot hewye rer athtehra fonr a nyp olitoirci adle ologiicdaeln tifica
tioFne.w o ft hpe eoptlhea Ith adk nowni nL iberweiraae b lteos afely
statyh erAef.t etrh eL iberciiavnwi alrI c oulndo tt hiniknt hes ame
waya gaianb ouett hnicniattyi,o naalnidps omli tiicdaeln tiItifte hsi.s
booki si na nyw aye ducataibvoeut th en atuorfep olitiidceanlti ties,
botthh osteh aatr ceh oseannd t hosteh aatr iem poseidti, sb ecauosfe
thed ifficullets sotnhasIt t ootko h eart wwhiitlnee stshiesn ugff ering
ofs om anyL iberfriiaenn dIsth. a bse comcel etaorm et haitfw ea rteo
understwahnypd e opalreo untdhw eo rldde citdoekil lo nea nothienr
simicliarrc umstwaenn ceeestd o u nderstwaenltdlh ec ritiicsaslu oefs
nationaalnidps oml itiidceanlt Tihitsyb .o okis d edicattote hdo sweh o
survitvheed Libceirviwiaalnr .
Iti sm y hopet hatth is wtielxalti db othu ndergradaunadt es
generaliinsw tasy so ft hinkianbgo unta tionaalnidsp mo litical
identiIth iaevste.o b egitnh esaec knowledgebmyet nhtasn kitnhge
studenIt hsa vet aughitnm y coursoens n ationaalnidse mt hnic
conflwihcoth avhee lpemde witthh eqiure stiaonndcs o nfusiaosn
welalsw itthh eiinrt erest.
Theraer em anyo thewrhso desertvhea nkfosr theihre lapn d
encouragetmome ena ts Ie mbarkuepdo nt hipsr ojeWchti.lI ew asi n
thep roceosfts r yitnogd eciwdhee thIew ra ntetdos penmdy time
writitnhgib so oko rw orkinogn otherre seaprrcohj ecMtisc,h ael
Klarteo lmde thaittw oulsdi mpbleya ' gootdh intgow' r itteh et ext.
Thiwsa sa ndh asr emainaende ncouragetmoem net a sI s pentth e
hours wrCihtiipnH ga.u shsa sb eena r esourcaenfudel n couraging
editIoa rm.e specitahlalnykfuf lo hri wsi llingtnore esastd h routghhe
wholtee xwth ilietw ass tiilntl h ed rasftt agIea .m g ratetfuoAl l ison
Hopkinasn dA ndreRaa tzlfoorfft hehierl pfurle seaarscshi staanndc e
tot heW heaton College Alumni wGhircahnp tr ovpirdoegdr amm e
withr esearch sautap cproirttiti cmaeli nt hed evelopmoefnt th e
manuscrTihpeta .t temtpoet ff ecticvoeulcyth h ec asset udiinet sh eir
vu
Acknowelmeedngts
internaticoonnatle ax ts,e riouism provemteont th et exrt,e sulted
from thea dviocfem y colleaMgaurekA mstuatnzd t hee xampolfe
StevLeo belKlri,s teWnil liaamnsdt heciora uthNoerasl. Calretnetr
hitsr emendkonuosw ledogfCe a nadaan du ncompromisstianngd ards
tom e inc ommentinogn theQ uebecch aptJearn.M illePra,u l
JoiremaanndA lexanWderbas thearv ael saoi demde throutghhe ir
suppoarntda ssistaasIn h caev weo rkeodn t himsa nuscript.
Vlll
INT It ( ))I ()N
U C�TI
Idenatnitdth yPe o liotfi cs
Belonging
TheC oldW are ndeadn dw arosf e thnniact ionabliesgman o;r s oi t
seemetdom anyo bserveorfws o rlpdo litiactts h et urno ft het wenty
fircsetn tuIrtya .p pearaesifd p eoplset oppkeidl lienagc oht heforr
ideolorgiecaaslo ansts h,e dyi dd urintgh eCo lWda ra,n ds tarktieldl ing
eacoht her beocfpa ruisme,ad leepelmyb eddheadtr edTsh.ep oweorf
ethnictiomt oyb iilzpee optleoa ctiaonnd t hreattheesn t abteec ame
visitbolt ehw eo rlTdh.e e ruptioofne thnwiacr isn E uropAfrei,c aa nd
Asipau nctuattheefad c tt hatth iwsa sn ota problsepme citfoti hce
developwionrglb du,t a s ecurtihtryet aodt e velospteadta esws e l.l
Ethniciisnt oytn ewI.t h adse ehpi storicaaln dh raomsoa tnsi fested
itsedliefffr entolvye tri mer,e flectthiegn lgo baslt,r ategic environ
mentE.t hnicmiatyyh avaep peardeodr manattd ieffrenpto ints in
histoonrlyty o r eviavgeia nE.t hniciisnt oytn ewb utt her ecognition
ofi trso lien i nternatpioolniatilis Oc.vs e rt hep asfitft eeyne arwse
havew itnseseadn i nternationoafle itzhantiicocon n flitchta hta s
defitehdbe o undaritehses toafTt hei.hs a bse etnh ec asienR wand,a
thef ormYeurg oslaavnidea v einn N ortheImr eland.
Manyo bservoeftr hsoe u tbroefae kt hnviico leanrcoeu ntdhw eo rld
havaet tribtuhtivesid o letnoct eh eexi stenocfae n ciehnatt readsis ft, h e
merep reseoncfde i effrencienis d entibteyt wepeeno pglreo upwser e
enougthod ritvhee mt ov iolceeTn.h ihso,w eveirsn, o tt hcea sTeh.e re
arteo om anye xapmleosfp eopglreo ulpisv iinncg l opsreo ximifotry
hundreodfys e arasn dn evetra kinugp a rmasg aionsntea nothAenr .
excelleexnatm pilest haotf t heF leimsahn dW alolonsi nB elgium.
How isi tt hatth etsew op eoplaesds if,ef renatst heH utua ndT utsiin
Rwandah,a vnee veirnt hem odeme rha adc austeog ot ow arT?h e
Flemidsohn otw antt ob eW alolonasn dt hWea lolondso n otw antto
beF lemibsuht,t het wog ruopsd on otf ig.hT thee xampleo ft he
FlemiasnhdW allooinsts y piocfat lh ep eacecfuole xistoefnm acney
dieffrenpte oplaensd n ationalairtioeusn tdh eg lobVei.o leentth nic
conflicitsr araen,d s erioeunso ugthom erictl oseex aminafotrii otns
deviatfrioomn t hen ormo fc onstrudcitiavleo agnudei ntegration.
Oneo ft heg oalosft hitse xitst oh eltph er eaduenrd ersttahned
critdiiceffarle nbceet weeetnh nicaisat c ya uosfce o nfliacntde thnic
identaisat m yo bilfiazciitnnocg or n flicWthsil.ee t hniidce ntictaine s
leapde optloes eteh epierr soinnatle raessu tnist ewdi tthh ei nterests
1
NationaanlPdio slmi Itdiecnatli ty
ofa groupt,h em eree xisteonfct eh agtr oudpo esno tn ecessitate
conflict.
WHO
AMI?
A French-speCaakniandgi an
A New Yorker
A Scot
A Jew
A Latina
Considheorw y oum ighatn swetrh iqsu estipoons;s ibialbiotiuensd .
Youc ouladn swgeirv iynogu rra csee,x r,e lighieorni,t gaegnee,r ation,
countorfyb irtohr p olitpiecraslu asTihoonu.g hi tm ighnto tb e
immediatoeblvyi ouhso,w y ouc hoosteoa nswetrh ivse rsyi mple
questihoans s tropnogl itiimcpalli catYioounras n.s wewilrl identify
theg rouopf p eoplteow homy ouh avteh ec loseesmto tioannadl
psycholoagtitcaaclh m-etnhteg routpo w hicyho uf eeylo ub elong.
Thimsa yi nfluetnhcweea yy ouv otiene lectitohntesy ,p oefsp olitical
activiitnwi heisc yho ue ngagaen de vewnh ethoerrn oty ouw ould
evecro nsiudseirn vgi oleonrct ea kiunpga rmasg aitnhsets tatWee.
wildli scutshsii sng reatdeerta ilo nli antt ehrec haptbeurtfo, r n ow,
think ahboowuy to uw ouladn swetrh esqeu estiWohnos a.r ey ou?
Why doy ouc hoosaep articular Wihdye dnoty iotuny o?tc hoose
otheird entittiheamsti ghbte a vailtaoby loeu ?
Thet ypoefsi dentitthiapetes o pclheo ofosret hemsetlevnetdso f all
intao f ewc ategorrieegsi:o nraell,i giroaucsia,an ldl inguiTshtiec .
studoyfe thniidce ntiisot ftye nr efertroae sdt hpeo liotfbi eclso nging.
We eacdhe cifodreo urselwvheisc ihd entiismt oys ti mportWaen t.
decitdhe eg routpo w hicwhe belonBge.c autshee d ecisiisoan n
indiviodnuea,nl o te veryofnien desa cho ft hesied entittoib ees
importFaonrte .x amptleh,o ugIsh p eaEkng liassmh y n ativlea nguage
Id on ots eem y interaessp trsi martiiletydo t hosoefo theErn glish
speakeTrhsii.ss b ecautshee raer seo m anyE nglissphe akaenrdsw e
araem ajoriintm yy c ountIra ym.m orel iketlosy e teh de issimilarities
betweemny sealnfd o thenra tiEvneg lissphe akerrast,ht ehra tnh e
similarities.
Regioindale ntities
A regioindaeln tictaynb er elattoec di tizenFsohrei xpa.m plIme a, y
identmiyfys ealsfC anadibaenc auIsl ei vienS askatchaenwdha onl ad
Canadian paHsoswpeovretri.,d entifywiintght hes tatiesn ot
necessatrhielf yi risdt enticthoyi cfoer many.S omep eople,
particutlhaorsfrleoy m c ulturdailsltyia nrcetam so,r er eadiidleyn tify
2
Introduction
themselwvietsha regiorna thtehra na counFtorrye. x apmlea,
Welshmaming hti denthiifym sealsWf e lsbhe forhee w ould identify
himsealsfB ritiSsihm.i larlwyo,m anam ay cahlelr seFlrfe nch
CanadiaonrQ, u ebecoriast,h tehra nr eefrritnogh ersealsjf u st
Canadibaenc,a ussheef ee lsg rae atiedre ntificwaittihto hno sfreo m
QuebecP.e oplfreo m distincctiitvimeea sy identitfyh emselves
directlyt hwacitit tbhye forteh erierg ioornt hecioru ntTrhye.m ost
obvioeuxsa mpilse NeYwo rkemrasn;y o f whosme Nee w Yorka s
noto nly tcheen torfet hewo rlbdu, ta sc ulturdailsltyifr nocmt t he
resotft hUeni tedS tast.Ien t hcea soefN ew York, dtihseti nctiveness
oft hcei tiysg enerarlelcyo gnitzote hdee,x tetnhtao tt heArm ericans,
indeepde oplfreo m othecro unitersu,n dersttahnadtt h em oniker
'NewY orkecra'r rainei sd entificoafct uilont udriaslct tiivneneIsns .
facti,n a lolf t hesree gioenxaalm epslt,h em eaninigsg eneracllleya r
whena p ersroenef rtso t hemselavsWe esl srha thtehra Bnr itiasnhd,
FrencCha nadiraant htehra jnu sCta nadiTahne.y a rec laimitnhge
distinctiovfet nheasitsd enttiotd ye finteh emselTvheesy.a re
identifytihnegg r outpo w hicht hefyee la s ensoefb elonging.
Amongi mmigragnrto upasr ountdh ew orltdh eriesa second
regioindaeln tipthye nomenwohne,r ebpye opliede ntitfyh emselves
witahn a nceshtormaell afrnodm w hicthh epiarr enotrgs r anadrpents
(ors ometimmeasn yfu rthegre neratbiaocnkso) r igincaalml.ey
Someonmea yr eefrt oh imseolrhf e rsaeslM fe xican, oIrrG iesrhm an
withosupte aktihnlega nguoagfte h acto untorrpy e rhahpasv innegv er
seeintT !h iisss omewhuanti quteoA meriacsaa ni mmigrcaonutnr yt
witahp oliocfgy r natincgi tizentsoha inpy one wbiotrnh iitnbs o rders
(jussa nguAimnoinsgi) m.m igragnrto upisno thecro untroifte hse
worltdh,i isd entificwaittiahon an n ceshtormaell ainsad l so evident.
Regional ideanrtiemt oisetos ft ent hosoef t hes taotfew hich
peopalreea p art. thBeucyta na lsboe t haotfa r egiwoint hoinn e's
staatc ei,,t oy ra nothsetrae tnet irieitls ty h;pe s ycholoagtitcaaclh ment
ofa ni ndivirdautahlte hra tnh esipre cilfiocc attihoanmt a ttemross t.
Religion
Religioann oitshi edre nttihtacytr eaats eesn soefb elongfoirnm ga ny
peoplaer ountdh e worRledl.ii ognh,o weveirs, slimgohrtel y
controvetrhsaainr a elg iondaelfliyn iedde ntity. Ctohnecs aisdoeef r
NewY orkedriss cuspsreedv iouIlsf lliyv.ie nN ewY orkC itbyu td o
notc onsimdyesre laNf e wY orkearsm y fundamenitdaeln ttihtayit,s
notp articuplraorbllye mHaotwiecv.e irti, sp roblemiaftlai mca J ew,
aC hristoiraa M nu slima ndId on ots eteh isc raist tiocm ayl i dentity.
Thed ieffrencaer isbeesc auosteh eard heretnotm sy religwililo n
knoww hato uIg httob elieovrte h inokrd o.T herwilel bet hosoef
my faitwhh om ayt hintkh aIta mfo llowitnhgwe r onpga tthh,a Ita m
'liaks eh eetph ahta gso nae srtay.T' hereforreel,i giisso lni ghmtolrye
3
