National potato germplasm evaluation and enhancement report, 1995 : sixty-sixth annual report by cooperators

262 Pages·1996·11.5 MB·English

by  Beltsville Agricultural Research Center

Historic, Archive Document
Do not assume content reflects current
scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.

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United States 05 National Potato
Department of
Agriculture
Germplasm
Agricultural
Research
Service
and
Evaluation
ARS-139
August 1996 Enhancement
Report, 995
1
Annual Report
Sixty-Sixth
by Cooperators
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United States
National Potato
Department of
Agriculture
Germplasm
Agricultural
Research
Service
and
Evaluation
ARS-139
August 1996 Enhancement
Report, 995
1
Sixty-Sixth Annual Report
by Cooperators
Edited by Kathleen G. Haynes
Vegetable Laboratory
Beltsville Agricultural Research Center
Agricultural Research Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
MD
20705
Beltsville,
;
Haynes, Kathleen G. (ed.). 1996. National Potato To file a complaint, write the Secretary of
Germplasm Evaluation and Enhancement Agriculture, U.S. Department ofAgriculture,
Report, 1995: Sixty-Sixth Annual Report by Washington, DC 20250, or call [phone]
Cooperators. U.S. Department ofAgriculture, (voice) or [phone] (TDD). USDA is an
Agricultural Research Service, ARS-139, 254 pp. equal employment opportunity employer.
This progress report includes research results
that have notyet been peer reviewed. The
findings, when adequately confirmed, will be
released through other appropriate channels.
The report is reproduced essentially as supplied
bythe authors. It received minimal publications
editing and design. The authors’ views are their
own and do not necessarily reflectthose ofthe
U.S. Department ofAgriculture.
Mention oftrade names in this publication is
solelyforthe purpose of providing specific
information and does not imply recommendation
or endorsement bythe U.S. Department of
Agriculture over others not mentioned.
This publication reports research involving
pesticides. Itdoes not contain recommendations
fortheir use nor does it implythat uses discussed
here have been registered. All uses of pesticides
must be registered by appropriate State or
Federal agencies or both before they can be
recommended.
While supplies last, single copies ofthis
publication may be obtained at no cost from
Kathleen G. Haynes, Vegetable Laboratory,
Building Oil, Greenhouse 13, BARC-West,
Beltsville, MD 20705.
Copies ofthis publication may be purchased from
the National Technical Information Service, 5285
Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161
telephone (703) 487^4650.
The United States Department ofAgriculture
(USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs
on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex,
religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and
marital or familial status. (Not all prohibited
bases applyto all programs.) Personswith
disabilitieswho require alternative means for
communication of program information (Braille,
large print, audiotape, etc.) should contactthe
USDA Office ofCommunications at (202)
720-2791.
Issued August 1996
Contents
United States DepartmentofAgriculture, Beltsville, MD, New York, Long Island 170
and Presque Isle, ME 1 J.B. Sieczka, I.D. Rybus, R.C. Neese, D.D. Moyer, and
K.G. Haynes, R.W. Goth, and K.O. DeLong D.M. Gergela
United States Department ofAgriculture, Madison, WI...24 NorthCarolina 186
R.E. Hanneman, Jr., M.J. Havey, A.J. Hamernik, S.A. W.W. Collins and R. Schiavone
Jackson, and M. Ramon
North Dakota 199
NorthCentral Regional PotatoTrials 29 G. Secor, B. Farnsworth, M. Schwalbe, J. Lorenzen,
G.A. Secor, B. Farnsworth, andCooperators R. Novy, E. Holm, N. Gudmestad, J. Sowokinos, D.
Preston, N. Balbyshev, and R. Lund
Western Regional PotatoVariety Trial 40
J.J. Pavek, D.L. Corsini, andCooperators Ohio 212
R. Hassell, D.M. Kelly, E.C. Wittmeyer, J. Elliott, and
Inter-regional Potato Introduction Project E. Grassbaugh
(NRSP-6) 48
^
J.B. Bamberg andM.W. Martin Oregon 217
A.R. Mosley, S.R. James, D.C. Hane, K.A. Rykbost,
Colorado 52 C.C. Shock, B.A. Charlton, C.J. Meads, J. Maxwell, and
D.G. Holm andJ.D. Wick J.K. Ishida
Idaho 61 Pennsylvania 229
S. Love, J. Pavek, D. Corsini, M. Ruby, J. Stimpson, B.J. Christ, M.W. Peck, and D.M. Petrunak
M. Powelson, and D. Inglis
Texas 233
Maine 79 J.C. Miller, Jr., and D.G. Smallwood
G.A. Porter, J.A. Sisson, and B. MacFarline
Virginia 242
Maine 92 S.B. Sterrett andC.P. Savage, Jr.
A.F. Reeves, G.S. Grounds, and A.A. Davis
Michigan 95
D.S. Douches, R.W. Chase, K. Jastrzebski,
R. Hammerschmidt, C. Long, D. Maas, P. Hudy, and
K. Walters
Nebraska 105
A.D. Pavlista
New Jersey 109
M.R. Henninger
New York, Upstate 145
D.E. Halseth, W.L. Hymes, R.W. Porter, and
R.L. MacLaury
New York 167
R.L. Plaisted, B.B. Brodie, D.E. Halseth, S.A. Slack,
W.M. Tingey, and K.D. Paddock
iii

United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville from each plot were processed (20 samples per
Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland, clone).
and Presque Isle, Maine
K.G. Haynes, R.W. Goth, and K.O. DeLong Tuber samples from all yield trials except the russets
were processed into potato chips by taking 1/16-inch
Introduction slices from the cross section of each tuber. Slices
were rinsed in water and placed on paper towels to
Objectives: The USDA potato breeding program at remove excess moisture. Chips were then fried at
Beltsville has four main objectives: (1) to develop 340 F in Primex vegetable shortening until bubbling
improved pest-resistant germplasm; (2) to develop ceased.
improved germplasm for processing; (3) to enhance
germplasm for specific characteristics relating to Almost all of the round white selections processed
yield, environmental stress, human nutrition, and well in January from 50 F and 45 F. B1071-20 and
consumer acceptance; and, (4) to develop statistical B7200-33 were noticable exceptions. None of the
genetic models for some of the new breeding selections processed well from 40 F. However,
strategies. B0178-34, BQ717-1, B0766-3 B1016-3, and B1157-5
reconditionedwell from40F storage. B0178-34was
Breeding the best processing selection from all three storage
temperature regimes in February.
Hybridizations in the greenhouses at Beltsville in
early 1995 were made among tetraploid clonal Tuber samples from the russet yield trial were
material possessing resistance to late blight, scab, processed into french fries. A 3/8-inch diameterplug
Fusarium and soft rot; high quality; and either was cut from the cross section ofeach tuber, rinsed,
processing and fresh market potential. Six hundred dried, and fried at 365 F for five minutes.
eighty crosses were successful. Bulk pollinations
were made among 288 diploid clones from the high Four russet selections from the Beltsville program
specific gravitypopulationafter these clones failedto processed well from50 F storage in January: B0835-
produce fruit in the field in 1994. 11, B0915-3, B1004-8, and B9922-11. None of the
selections or cultivars tested processed well from 40
Processing Evaluations F. Only oneselection, B1004-8, processed well from
50 F, 45 F, and following reconditioning in January
Yield trials for round whites (Tables 1-4), russets and February. B0767-2 is a russet potato with good
(Table 5), 4x-2x hybrids (Table 6) and specialty resistance to late blight. Unfortunately, it is a low
market types (Table7) were conducted at Echo Lake. yielder and does not process.
These were planted in a randomized complete block
design with four replications of 25 hills from May Several of the selections in the 4x-2x yield trial
15-16. Plants were spaced 9 inches within the row yielded as well as Atlantic. However, only one,
for all trials except the russet trial, for which plants B1070-88, had a specific gravity equal to Atlantic.
were spaced 12 inches within the row. At harvest Three of the selections produced acceptable colored
tubers from each plot were graded, specific gravity potato chips out of 50 F storage in December:
was determined by the weight in air and weight in B1066-23, B1068-78 and B1070-8. However, the
water method, and a sample of tubers was cut to low specific gravity of B1066-23 would limit its use
determine the presence of hollow heart. Tuber in processing. B1070-88 inherited short tuber
samples were stored at 40 F, 45 F, and 50 F. dormancy from its diploid parent. A few of these
Tubers were processed out of 45 F, 50 F, and selectionswillcontinuetobeevaluated for their fresh
followinga three week reconditioningperiod of70 F market potential.
from cold storage at 40 F during January and
February for the roundwhiteand russet trials. These The best yielding entries in the specialty market trial
same selections were also processed out of 40 F in were Red Pontiac and B0967-11. B0967-11 is a
January. Selections in the 4x-2x hybrid and round-oblong, purple-skinned selection with
specialty market trials were processed out of50 F in moderately high specific gravity. B0811-13 is a red-
December. For each combination of storage skinned,yellow-fleshentrywithacceptableyieldsand
temperature and processing date, 5 tubers per sample only moderate specific gravity. The skin on B0811-
13 tends to be heavy-netted, which may detract from
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its appearance, or, conversely, may serve as an
identifying cultivar characteristic for marketing as a
yellow-flesh selection. Several growers have
expressed an interest in this selection and will be
evaluating it in 1996.
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