Nanotechnology and human health

376 Pages·2014·7.35 MB·English

by  editors

Nanotechnology
and Human
Health

Nanotechnology
Human
and
Health
Edited by
Ineke Malsch
Claude Emond
Boca Raton London New York
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Version Date: 20130709
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Contents
Preface ....................................................................................................................vii
Editors ......................................................................................................................ix
Contributors ............................................................................................................xi
1. Introduction .....................................................................................................1
Ineke Malsch and Claude Emond
Section I Nanoengineering Overview
2. Nanomaterial Characterization and Metrology .....................................13
Asmus Meyer-Plath and Florian F. Schweinberger
Section II Biomedical Nanotechnology Overview
3. Nanoparticles: New Medical Potential—Today and Tomorrow .........43
Tamar Chachibaia
4. Nanomaterials for Bone Reconstructive Composites ............................53
M. van der Zande, B. C. Chesnutt, X. F. Walboomers, and J. A. Jansen
Section III Nanotechnology and Agrofood and Water
5. Nanotechnologies in Agrofood and Water ..............................................87
Frans W. H. Kampers
6. Nanofoods: Environmental, Health, and Socioeconomic Risks
or the Achilles’ Heel of Nanotechnologies? ..........................................109
Simon Beaudoin, Louise Vandelac, and Christian Papilloud
Section IV Bionanotechnology and the Environment
7. Benefits of Nanotechnology for the Environment ...............................129
Danail Hristozov
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vi Contents
Section V Nanotoxicology Overview and Problems
8. In Vitro Study for Nanomaterials............................................................153
Seishiro Hirano and Karim Maghni
9. Toxicokinetics and Interaction of Nanoparticles with
Biological Matrices .....................................................................................165
Claude Emond
10. Environmental Fate and Ecotoxicology of Nanomaterials .................177
Bernard Lachance, Mahsa Hamzeh, and Geoffrey I. Sunahara
Section VI L ife Cycle
11. Life Cycle Risks and Impacts of Nanotechnologies ............................213
Olivier Jolliet, Ralph K. Rosenbaum, and Alexis Laurent
Section VII Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications
of Bionanotechnology
12. Anticipating Ethical, Legal, and Social Aspects of Emerging
Technology Gaps in Innovation Chain: The Case of Body
Area Networks ............................................................................................281
Alireza Parandian
13. Capability Approach to Nanotechnology for Sustainable
Development ................................................................................................313
Ineke Malsch
Conclusion ...........................................................................................................349
Claude Emond and Ineke Malsch
Index .....................................................................................................................351
Preface
Nanotechnology and Human Health presents scientific and technical develop-
ments in nanotechnology for applications in three areas that are expected to
lead to impacts on human health: biomedical (pharmaceuticals and medical
devices), agrifood and water, and the environment. This technical core is
preceded by an introduction including information on current nanotechnol-
ogy research programs in industrialized countries and emerging economies.
Apart from opportunities of nanotechnology for human health, toxicological
aspects and life cycle risks and impacts are reviewed. The volume is com-
pleted with an analysis of ethical, legal, and social implications of bionano-
technology, and a concluding analysis.
The collection of discussions of current nanotechnology for the above-
mentioned three areas together with the environment, health, safety aspects,
and ethical and societal implications provides the reader a unique insight
into contemporary technological developments and what they may mean for
human health. The work has a sound scientific basis, thereby avoiding unre-
alistic predictions. At the same time, analysis of societal implications is not
usually included in most technical books about trends in nanotechnology.
By including these aspects, the reader with a technical or natural science
background is encouraged to be more responsible in R&D on nanotechnol-
ogy that will have an impact on human health. The reader with a social sci-
ence background can benefit because the technical reviews are written for
a nonspecialist audience, taking care to explain terminology. The societal
aspect chapters are intended to contribute to contemporary debates in social
studies of science and at the same time be accessible to nonspecialists.
vii

Editors
Ineke Malsch, PhD, graduated with a degree in physics (Utrecht University,
Netherlands, 1991) and holds a PhD in philosophy (thesis: Ethics and
Nanotechnology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands, 2011). She is an
expert in ethical and societal aspects of nano- and emerging technologies.
She has been the director of her own consultancy—Malsch TechnoValuation
(www.malsch.demon.nl) since 1999, including 10 years participating in inter-
national and multidisciplinary projects about nanotechnology in its societal
context with public and private partners. She is currently involved in the
NanoEIS project on Nanotechnology Education for Industry and Society
(www.nanoeis.eu) and is coordinating with EthicSchool for workshops and
training in Responsible Innovation (www.ethicschool.nl/english). She is the
editor of Biomedical Nanotechnology (CRC Press, 2005) and has authored exten-
sive publications for academic, professional, and general public audiences.
These include peer-reviewed articles such as “Governing Nanotechnology
in a Multistakeholder World,” (in Nanoethics online first, December 2012,
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11569-012-0163-1) and “The Just
War Theory and The Ethical Governance of Research” (in Journal of Science
and Engineering Ethics, February 2012 http://www.springerlink.com/content/
d85w001pj6727512/).
Claude Emond, PhD, is a clinical assistant professor in the Department
of Environmental and Occupational Health at the University of Montreal,
Canada, and an associate professor at the Institute of Environmental Sciences
(ISE) at the University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM). In this capacity,
Dr. Emond delivers lectures in toxicology at the university and supervises
graduate students. He earned a bachelor’s degree in biochemistry in 1987, a
master’s degree in environmental health in 1997, and a PhD degree in pub-
lic health (toxicology and human risk assessment option) in 2001 from the
University of Montreal in Quebec.
From 2001 to 2004, Dr. Emond received grants from the National Research
Council, a branch of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), to perform
postdoctoral studies for two and a half years at the US Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) in North Carolina. At the EPA, Dr. Emond’s work
focused on describing a developmental physiologically based pharmaco-
kinetic (PBPK) model on dioxins. The research conducted by his team led
to recognition from the EPA administration and a presentation of the EPA’s
Scientific and Technological Achievement Award to the team. The team’s
research is cited by NAS. His research and consulting interests address
problems in toxicology and focus on different chemicals, including poly-
chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, flame retardants (polybrominated
ix
x Editors
diphenyl ether [PBDE] and hexabromocyclododecane [HBCD]), bisphenol A,
pyrethroid, and xenoestrogens. Dr. Emond’s research interests also focus on
the development and improvement of mathematical PBPK models to address
and reduce uncertainty for toxicology risk assessment in human health.
Much of his research activities focus on toxicokinetic and dynamic effects
to further characterize the mode of action between chemicals and biological
matrices for individuals or populations. He is also interested in occupational
toxicology, mainly on the effects of organic solvents, modeling physiological
changes in aging compared to younger workers, and nanotoxicology.
Dr. Emond has also offered his expertise and extensive knowledge on
various topics by participating as a peer reviewer for Health Canada, as a
reviewer of toxicological risk assessments associated with herbicide-spraying
operations, and as a consultant on several projects for US universities and
for private research institutes. Dr. Emond recently served on EPA’s Science
Advisory Board Reviewing Committee for Trichloroethylene (TCE). His
expertise was recognized and used in the dioxin reassessment by the
EPA’s National Center for Environmental Assessment. In 2008, Dr. Emond
and colleagues founded an international nanotoxicology group called The
International Team in Nanotoxicology (www.TITNT.com), which includes
collaborators from five different countries. He also recently founded a
Delaware-based consulting company called BioSimulation Consulting Inc.,
which provides services in pharmacokinetics for government by offering ana-
lytical data-mining support. He is the president of an Endocrine Disruptor
Review Work Group for the French Agency for Food, Environmental, and
Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES). He is also a member of a steering
committee for a Michigan State University PhD student who is studying the
health effects of nanoparticles and PBPK modeling, and he serves as a co-
director of a UQAM PhD student who is studying nanoparticles in relation
to food. Dr. Emond has published many papers and is often invited to pres-
ent his research at international meetings on persistent organic chemicals
and nanotechnology because his work contributes to the improvement of
health, safety, and environmental assessment and regulations.