Nanoscience and Plant–Soil Systems

550 Pages·2017·16.91 MB·English

by  Mansour Ghorbanpour

Soil Biology
Mansour Ghorbanpour
Khanuja Manika
Ajit Varma Editors
Nanoscience
and Plant–
Soil Systems
Soil Biology
Volume 48
Series Editor
AjitVarma,AmityInstituteofMicrobialTechnology,
Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, India
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/5138
Mansour Ghorbanpour (cid:129) Khanuja Manika (cid:129)
Ajit Varma
Editors
Nanoscience and Plant–Soil
Systems
Editors
MansourGhorbanpour KhanujaManika
DepartmentofMedicinalPlants, AmityInstituteofNanotechnology
FacultyofAgricultureandNaturalResources AmityUniversityUttarPradesh
ArakUniversity Noida,UttarPradesh
Arak,Iran India
AjitVarma
AmityUniversityUttarPradesh,
AmityInstofMicrobialTechnology
Noida,UttarPradesh
India
ISSN1613-3382 ISSN2196-4831 (electronic)
SoilBiology
ISBN978-3-319-46833-4 ISBN978-3-319-46835-8 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-46835-8
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017931978
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017
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Foreword
Nanosciencecoupledwithnanotechnologyisoneofthemostimportantemerging
tools which can complement modern agriculture by providing new agrochemical
agents and new delivery mechanisms to improve crop productivity. Nanoscience
has found ways to control the release of nitrogen in agriculture fields, micro-
morphology of soil and characterization of soil minerals, rhizospheric nature,
nutrientiontransportinsoil–plantsystem,precisionwaterfarming,etc.Intheera
ofclimatechange,itisachallengetofeedtherapidlyincreasingworldpopulation,
with agricultural productivity facing various challenges. Thus, it is now very
important to improve the crop productivity to cope with this upcoming problem
of food security. Nanoscience (nanotechnology) promises to accelerate the devel-
opmentofbiomass-to-fuelproductiontechnologies.Expertsfeelthatthepotential
benefitsofnanotechnologyforagriculture,food,fisheries,andaquacultureneedto
bebalancedagainstconcernsforthesoil,water,andenvironmentandtheoccupa-
tionalhealthofworkers.Nanoparticles(sizerangefrom1to100nm)haveunique
physicochemical properties, i.e., high surface area, high reactivity, tunable pore
size, and particle morphology; therefore, they have novel applications in diverse
fields of science including medicine, physics, chemistry, materials science, and
agriculture.Theappropriateelucidationofphysiological,biochemical,andmolec-
ularmechanismofnanoparticlesinplantleadstobetterplantgrowthanddevelop-
ment. Several countries have recognized the potential impression of
nanotechnology could have on their economies and spending profoundly in
researchdirection.
This book “Nanoscience and Plant–Soil Systems” edited by Drs Mansour
Ghorbanpour,KhanujaManika,andAjitVarmaisanenthusiasticcelebrationofa
new paradigm “nanoscience in agricultural research.” It is important to assemble
the ever-improving methods based on nanotechnology and its role in plant soil
systeminabookunderthesenewguidelines,i.e.,practicalaspectsandimmediate
useinthelaboratoryandbeyond.Thechaptersofthisbookareindeedanexcellent
and outstanding contribution. This book succeeds in presenting many concepts,
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vi Foreword
methods,etc.,whichcanbroadenourunderstandingoftheroleofnanotechnology
in plant–soil system. This comprehensiveness should make this book equally
valuabletostudents,teachers,andresearchersenteringthisfieldofnanoscience.I
am sure readers in the fields of biotechnology, microbiology, agriculture, and
nanotechnologywouldfindthisbookveryuseful.
Overall, I am glad to see good coverage in this book. Congratulations and my
best compliments to editors of the book who performed an outstanding work in
gettingvaluablecontributionsfromtheteamofglobalexpertsonthesubjectwhich
has major implications not only for food security worldwide but also for the
socioeconomic condition of communities affected by climate change at the basic
grassroots level. The contributors are to be congratulated on their efforts, and
readersarerecommendedtousethisvolumeforalongtimetocome.Thepublisher
alsodeservesforpublishingthisusefulbook.
DepartmentofScienceandTechnology, AshutoshSharma
GovernmentofIndia
NewDelhi,India
June23,2016
Preface
There is general belief and admission that important, innovative, and novel ideas
emergeoveracupofteaoraglassofbeerandtheweathermustbecongenialand
most suitable for materializations of original ideas. The genesis of this book
underlinestheconceptdevelopedin2015.
TechnologicaladvancesandsociologicalchangesaresuchthatSciencedemands
evolution. We believe that one reason for publishing of ideas is broadening one’s
view, through the examination of a text of wide and extensive coverage, nurtures
one’scapacityforlearningandreflection.Thestudyofmicroorganismshasbecome
a valuable science in the last 100 years as it has provided the means to control a
numberofinfectiousdiseases.Inthisdirection,nanotechnology has emergedasa
potential candidate. The ideas andconcepts behindnanoscience andnanotechnol-
ogystartedwithatalkentitled“There’sPlentyofRoomattheBottom”byphysicist
Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at the California
Institute of Technology (CalTech) on December 29, 1959, long before the term
nanotechnology was used. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the study and
application ofextremely small things and can beused across all the otherscience
fields, such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering.
Nanoparticles are gaining attention due to their low cost, simplicity, and eco-
friendlynature.
Inthisvolumeentitled“NanoscienceandPlant–SoilSystems,”theeditorshave
accumulatedvariousadvancedapproachesforstudyingthedifferentsoilmicroor-
ganismsforthebenefitofhumankind.Currently,worldagriculturescientistsfacea
widespectrumofchallengesincludingclimatechange,urbanization,andenviron-
mental issues: accumulation of insecticides and pesticides, decay in soil organic
matter, and sustainable use of natural resources. These challenges are going to be
furtherintensifiedduetoincreaseinfooddemand.Nanotechnologyhassignificant
benefitsonfoodandagriculturesystem.Throughnanotechnology,optimizationof
agriculture inputs (viz. nanopesticides, nanoherbicides) to enhance the effective-
ness of the active ingredients including targeted delivery and release and less
dosageperapplicationandtoreducebi-productsthatotherwisedegradeecosystem
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viii Preface
can be achieved. This book is divided into three parts. In the first part which
includes Chaps. 1–3, the authors give introduction to nanoscience and nanotech-
nology,hownanoparticlesarebeingsynthesizedwiththeiroriginandactivity,and
also the application of these nanoparticles. The second part of the book which
includesChaps.4–11describesnanomaterialsinsoilenvironmentwiththeirappli-
cations as antimicrobial and bioremediating agents and also their effect on soil
propertiesandsoilmicroorganismsandhowtheyactasafertilizer.Thelastpartof
the book which includes Chaps. 12–19 describes the interaction of nanomaterials
with plants and their effect on seed germination. Chapter 14 describes the role of
nanoparticles on plant growth after interacting with a novel root endophyte
Piriformospora indica. In Chaps. 15–21, the application of nanoparticles as a
biofertilizer and pesticide and in plant disease control with the challenges faced
andthreatsinvolvedwiththeuseofnanoscienceplantsoilsystemiselaborated.
Wearegratefultothemanypeoplewhohelpedtobringthisvolumetolight.We
wish to thank Jutta Lindenborn and Hanna Hensler-Fritton from Springer Heidel-
berg for generous assistance and patience in initializing the volume. Finally,
specific thanks go to our families, immediate and extended, not forgetting those
who have passed away, for their support or their incentives in putting everything
together. Ajit Varma in particular is very thankful to Dr. Ashok K. Chauhan,
Founder President of the Ritnand Balved Education Foundation (an umbrella
organization of Amity Institutions), New Delhi, for the kind support and constant
encouragement received. Special thanks are due to his esteemed friend and well-
wisherProfessorDr.SunilSaran,DirectorGeneral,AmityInstituteofBiotechnol-
ogy,andAdvisertoFounderPresident,AmityUniverse;allfacultycolleagues;and
his Ph.D. students, research fellows (Uma Singhal and Manpreet Kaur Attri), and
othertechnicalstaff.
Thisbookwillbeusefultomicrobiologists,nanotechnologists,andecologistsif
interpreted withcaution.Iam honoredthatthe leadingscientists whohave exten-
sive,in-depthexperienceandexpertiseinsoilbiologyandnanotechnologytookthe
timeandefforttodeveloptheseexcellentchapters.Thisselectgroupofscientistsis
uniquely suited to write these chapters and have firsthand knowledge of the
methods and techniques they have presented. This ensures that the methods
presentedarecurrent,relevant,andreadilyapplicable.Iwanttothankallcontrib-
utingauthorsfortheirdiligenceandpatienceinbringingthisbooktofruitionwith
suchcollegiality.
Arak, Iran MansourGhorbanpour
NewDelhi,India KhanujaManika
Noida,UP,India AjitVarma
Contents
Part1 NanoscienceandNanomaterials
1 AnIntroductiontoNanoscienceandNanotechnology. . . . . . . . . . . 3
G.AliMansoori
2 BiosynthesisofMetalandSemiconductorNanoparticles,
Scale-Up,andTheirApplications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
MojtabaSaloutiandNedaFaghriZonooz
3 NanomaterialandNanoparticle:OriginandActivity. . . . . . . . . . . 71
CristinaBuzeaandIvanPacheco
PartII NanomaterialsinSoilEnvironment
4 EngineeredNanomaterials’EffectsonSoilProperties:Problems
andAdvancesinInvestigation. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. 115
VeraTerekhova,MarinaGladkova,EugenyMilanovskiy,
andKamilaKydralieva
5 NanomaterialEffectsonSoilMicroorganisms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
EbrahimKarimiandEhsanMohseniFard
6 SynthesisandCharacterizationofPureandDopedZnO
NanostructuresforAntimicrobialApplications:EffectofDopant
ConcentrationwithTheirMechanismofAction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
KhanujaManika,Uma,andAjitVarma
7 BehaviorofNanomaterialsinSoftSoils:ACaseStudy. . . . . . . . . 219
ZaidHameedMajeedandMohdRaihanTaha
8 PotentialityofEarthwormsasBioremediatingAgentfor
Nanoparticles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
ShwetaYadav
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