Table Of ContentEnvironmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 46
Vinod Kumar Yata
Shivendu Ranjan
Nandita Dasgupta
Eric Lichtfouse Editors
Nano-
pharmaceuticals:
Principles
and Applications
Vol.1
Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable
World
Volume 46
Series Editors
Eric Lichtfouse, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France,
CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
Jan Schwarzbauer, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
Didier Robert, CNRS, European Laboratory for Catalysis and Surface Sciences,
Saint-Avold, France
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Vinod Kumar Yata • Shivendu Ranjan
Nandita Dasgupta • Eric Lichtfouse
Editors
Nanopharmaceuticals:
Principles and Applications
Vol. 1
Editors
Vinod Kumar Yata Shivendu Ranjan
Animal Biotechnology Centre Faculty of Engineering and Built
National Dairy Research Institute Environment
Karnal, India University of Johannesburg
Johannesburg, South Africa
Nandita Dasgupta
Department of Biotechnology Eric Lichtfouse
Institute of Engineering and Technology CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India France, CEREGE
Aix-Marseille University
Aix-en-Provence, France
ISSN 2213-7114 ISSN 2213-7122 (electronic)
Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World
ISBN 978-3-030-44924-7 ISBN 978-3-030-44925-4 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44925-4
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature
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Preface
Nanomaterials have a special place in pharmaceutical industry due to their size and
ease of penetrability into the mammalian cells. The integration of pharmaceutical
drugs and therapeutic biomolecules with nanomaterials will lead to the develop-
ment of novel nanopharmaceuticals for enhanced therapeutic applications. This
book, Nanopharmaceuticals: Principles and Applications, is intended to provide a
regular update on applications of nanopharmaceuticals along with general
fundamentals.
Chapter 1 presents the comprehensive description of basic principles, method-
ologies, similarities and differences of liposomes and phytosomes. It also focuses
on implications of these nanocarriers in CNS disorder and presents the various con-
cepts of brain delivery in great detail.
Chapter 2 begins with the detailed classification of nanoinonized drug particles,
polymeric nanoparticles and hydrophobic nanoparticles. This is followed by a
description of applications of polymeric nanoparticles. It concludes with the bio-
logical, technical and study-design challenges of nanopharmaceuticals.
Chapter 3 is dedicated to supermagentic iron oxide nanoparticles for the diagno-
sis of brain, breast, gastric, ovarian, liver, colorectal, lung and pancreatic cancers. It
begins with brief introduction to magnetic resonance imaging and ends with future
prospective of iron oxide nanoparticles in cancer detection.
Chapter 4 tackles the DNA nanostructures and its applications in bimolecular
delivery. It also focuses on detailed description of smart DNA nanostructures and
briefly discusses “computational sequence design for DNA nanostructures” at the
end of the chapter.
Chapter 5 includes the toxicity and application of different types of ionic liquids
for humans and environment and also describes characteristics, applications and
regulatory gaps of nanoparticle-ionic liquid combined systems.
Chapter 6 gives a brief introduction about the skin delivery and a detailed discus-
sion about the different types of nanocarriers such as micelles, microemulsions,
nanoemulsions and polymeric and lipid-based nanoparticles. It also covers the
safety issues, clinical benefits, ecotoxicity and regulatory framework of
nanopharmaceuticals.
v
vi Preface
Chapter 7 consists of two parts: the first part deals with detailed classification of
swelling, responsive, mechanical behaviour of synthetic gels, and the second part
discusses the therapeutic, diagnostic and biosensor applications of gel-based nano-
pharmaceuticals. This chapter also deals with the challenges of nanogels in above-
mentioned applications.
Chapter 8 focuses on microfluidics-based lab-on-chip technologies for drug
screening applications. It also provides detailed description of microfabrication
techniques apart from cell- and organ-based drug screening techniques.
Chapter 9 presents innovative and insightful information on synthesis of carbon,
metal nanoparticles and semiconductor nanocrystals. It also describes the surface
functionalization and targeting capabilities of nanoparticles in detail.
All the chapters in this book address the impact of nanoformulations on thera-
peutic and/or diagnostic purposes. Each chapter provides the basic principles to
state-of-the-art developments of nanopharmaceuticals with extensive references.
Karnal, India Vinod Kumar Yata
Johannesburg, South Africa Shivendu Ranjan
Lucknow, India Nandita Dasgupta
Aix-en-Provence, France Eric Lichtfouse
Contents
1 Liposomes vs Phytosomes: Principles, Methodologies,
and Therapeutic Applications with Emphasis on CNS Disorders . . . . 1
Hafsa Ahmad, Abhishek Arya, Satish Agrawal,
and Anil Kumar Dwivedi
2 Applications of Nanopharmaceuticals
in Delivery and Targeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Mohamed Abbas Ibrahim and Ahmed A. H. Abdellatif
3 Applications of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
in the Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Cancer Diagnosis . . . . . . 115
Kanwal Akhtar, Yasir Javed, Muhammad Imran Akhtar,
and Naveed A. Shad
4 DNA-Based Nanopharmaceuticals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
V. Dilna, Chinnu Sabu, and K. Pramod
5 An Overview on Ionic Liquids: A New Frontier
for Nanopharmaceuticals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Tânia Santos de Almeida, Rita Caparica, Ana Júlio,
and Catarina Pinto Reis
6 Therapeutic Implications of Nanopharmaceuticals
in Skin Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Ana Henriques Mota, Ana Santos-Rebelo, António José Almeida,
and Catarina Pinto Reis
7 Biomimetic and Synthetic Gels
for Nanopharmaceutical Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Busra Yildiz, Sezer Ozenler, Muge Yucel, Umit Hakan Yildiz,
and Ahu Arslan Yildiz
vii
viii Contents
8 On-Chip Drug Screening Technologies
for Nanopharmaceutical and Nanomedicine Applications . . . . . . . . . . 311
Rabia Onbas, Rumeysa Bilginer, and Ahu Arslan Yildiz
9 Synthesis of Some Bioactive Nanomaterials
and Applications of Various Nanoconjugates
for Targeted Therapeutic Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Sabyasachi Chakrabortty, Sunil Kumar Vimal,
and Sanjib Bhattacharya
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
About the Editors
Dr. Vinod Kumar Yata is an Interdisciplinary Researcher working in the National
Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India. Previously, he worked as an Assistant
Professor in the Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute
of Technology Jalandhar, Punjab, India. He received his PhD in Biotechnology
from Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati. He specializes in interdisciplinary
research which includes nanotechnology, microfluidics, biotechnology, cancer biol-
ogy, and bioinformatics. He has developed a microfluidic device for the separation
of live and motile spermatozoa from cattle semen samples. He opened up a new
avenue to prodrug enzyme therapy by introducing the nanocarriers for the delivery
of non-mammalian prodrug-activating enzymes. He elucidated the structural fea-
tures and binding interactions of several biomolecules by in silico methods. He has
published several research papers in peer-reviewed international journals and pre-
sented papers in several international conferences.
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