Nano/Micro Science and Technology in Biorheology: Principles, Methods, and Applications

444 Pages·2015·14.741 MB·English

by  Rio Kita, Toshiaki Dobashi (eds.)

Nano/Micro Science
and Technology
in Biorheology
Principles, Methods,
and Applications
Rio Kita
Toshiaki Dobashi
Editors
123
Nano/Micro Science and Technology
in Biorheology

Rio Kita (cid:129) Toshiaki Dobashi
Editors
Nano/Micro Science
and Technology
in Biorheology
Principles, Methods, and Applications
Editors
RioKita ToshiakiDobashi
DepartmentofPhysics DivisionofMolecularScience,
TokaiUniversity FacultyofScienceandTechnology
Hiratsuka,Kanagawa,Japan GunmaUniversity
Kiryu,Gunma,Japan
ISBN978-4-431-54885-0 ISBN978-4-431-54886-7 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-4-431-54886-7
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015942247
SpringerTokyoHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
#SpringerJapan2015
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Preface
The Japanese Society of Biorheology was established in 1977 by scientists and
expertsinawide varietyoffieldswhowere interestedindeformation andflowin
biologicalsystemsandtheircomponents,withSyotenOka,apioneerinthisfield,
being the first president. Since then, the Society has been offering researchers the
opportunitytohave common information andrecognitioninthisinterestinginter-
disciplinary field that relates life science, clinical medicine, medical engineering,
food science, physics, chemistry, and other fields. It is evident that recent
developments in biorheology have not only expanded the range of fields that it
coversbutalsodeepenedeachfieldbyintegratingnewmethods,technologies,and
theories. Thus, to provide current leading information, the Society intends to
publish a series of books on recent topics in biorheology. This book, the first one
of the series, deals with nano/micro science and technology in biorheology. Mea-
surement techniques on the nano- and microscale developed over the past few
decades are now indispensable for analyzing complex phenomena in biological
systemsfromtheaspectofbiorheology,becausethemaintargetsofbiorheologyare
generallyinhomogeneousatthesescales.Thetopicsraisedinthisbookshouldbeof
particular interest to readers working at research facilities in both industry and
academia dealing with cutting-edge bio-related subjects, and it is hoped that the
book will provide suggestions helping them to solve problems they encounter in
theirwork.
Hiratsuka,Kanagawa,Japan RioKita
Kiryu,Gunma,Japan ToshiakiDobashi
v

Contents
1 IntroductionofNano/MicroScienceandTechnology
inBiorheology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
RioKitaandToshiakiDobashi
2 RheologicalAspectsofConformationalChange
andMolecularAggregationofMacromolecules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
YasuyukiMaki
3 ElongationalFlowBirefringenceInvestigationofDynamics
ofDNAMolecules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
NaokiSasaki
4 NonequilibriumStructureFormationofComplexBilayer
MembraneLamellarPhaseUnderShear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
ShujiFujii
5 DiffusionandThermalDiffusionbyMeansofDynamicLight
ScatteringandLaserHolography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
RioKita
6 DiffusionMeasurementsofWaterandPolymers
inHydrogelsbyPulsedFieldGradientNMR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
ShingoMatsukawaandTomBrenner
7 RheologicalBasisofMagneticResonanceElastography. . . . . . . . . 157
TakaoYamamoto
8 DynamicsofWater,Biomaterials,andSkinInvestigated
byMeansofDielectricRelaxationSpectroscopy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
ShinYagihara
9 DynamicsandGlassTransitionofAqueousSolutions
ofMolecularLiquid,Polymer,andProteinStudied
byBroadbandDielectricSpectroscopy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
NaokiShinyashiki
vii
viii Contents
10 BiorheologicalAspectofMicrocapsules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
NaokoTomitaandToshiakiDobashi
11 BiomedicalApplicationofSoftNano-/Microparticles. . . . . . . . . . . 261
JieWu,XiZhao,Yue-QiWang,andGuang-HuiMa
12 ControloftheMulti-scaleStructureofScaffolds
andItsApplicationinTissueEngineering.. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. 295
KazuyaFurusawa
13 SensingofBiomoleculesandCellsbySemiconductorDevice. . . . . 323
ToshiyaSakata
14 FromSingle-MoleculeDNAImagingtoDevelopment
ofaGeneDeliverySystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
YuichiYamasaki
15 AtomicForceMicroscopy:ImagingandRheology
ofLivingCells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
TakaharuOkajima
16 Supplement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
RioKitaandToshiakiDobashi
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
1
Introduction of Nano/Micro Science
and Technology in Biorheology
Rio Kita and Toshiaki Dobashi
Rheology is the science of the deformation and flow responses of viscoelastic
materials resulting from stimulation, mainly by inducing mechanical stress. The
stimulus-responserelationshiporresponsefunctionisacharacteristicofmaterials,
andthusrheologyprovidesgeneraltheoreticalandexperimentalapproachesthatcan
beappliedtothestudyofanobject.Thisenablesustounderstandthemacroscopic
elasticity,viscosity,andviscoelasticityofmaterialsonamolecularbasis.
Over the past few decades, knowledge of the fundamental science on which
rheologyisbasedhasincreasedconsiderably.Forexample,thephasetransitionof
soft matter such as polymers and liquid crystals has been explained in a unified
manner [1]. A description of irreversible thermodynamics in relation to rheology
has been attempted.Critical phenomena associated with the anomalous growth of
fluctuations near the critical point indicate the universality of such phenomena
independentofmaterials[2].Thedirectapplicationoftheseprogressesinphysics
and the modification of the rheological concept, however, seem to be limited. On
theotherhand,considerableprogressinmeasurementtechniquesandnewlydevel-
opedmethods such asmassspectroscopy [3],nuclear magneticresonance (NMR)
[4, 5], femtosecond spectroscopy [6], the use of imaging CCD sensors [7], and
scanning probe microscopy [8] has markedly affected the study of rheology. The
methodofparticletrackingusingamicroscopeknownasmicrorheologyiscarried
out by measuring the motion of colloidal particles to determine the mechanical
R.Kita
DepartmentofPhysics,TokaiUniversity,4-1-1Kitakaname,
Hiratsuka,Kanagawa259-1292,Japan
e-mail:[email protected]
T.Dobashi(*)
DivisionofMolecularScience,FacultyofScienceandTechnology,
GunmaUniversity,1-5-1Tenjin,376-8515Kiryu,Gunma,Japan
e-mail:[email protected]
#SpringerJapan2015 1
R.Kita,T.Dobashi(eds.),Nano/MicroScienceandTechnologyinBiorheology,
DOI10.1007/978-4-431-54886-7_1