Table Of ContentNanomaterials from Renewable
Resources for Emerging
Applications
Nanomaterials from Renewable Resources for Emerging Applications details
developments in nanomaterials produced from renewable materials and their
usage in food and packaging, energy conservation, and environmental applications.
• Introduces fundamentals of nanomaterials from renewable resources, in-
cluding processing and characterization.
• Covers nanomaterials for applications in food and packaging, including
nanocellulose, lignin- and chitosan-based nanomaterials, and nanostarch.
• Discusses applications in energy conservation, such as supercapacitors,
electrolyte membranes, energy storage devices, and insulation.
• Describes environmental uses such as water remediation and purification
and oil spill clean-ups.
• Highlights advantages and challenges in commercialization of green
nanoparticle-based materials.
Equally beneficial to researchers and professionals, this book is aimed at readers
across materials science and engineering, chemical engineering, chemistry, and
related fields interested in sustainable engineering.
Emerging Materials and Technologies
Series Editor: Boris I. Kharissov
The Emerging Materials and Technologies series is devoted to highlighting pub-
lications centered on emerging advanced materials and novel technologies.
Attention is paid to those newly discovered or applied materials with potential to
solve pressing societal problems and improve quality of life, corresponding to
environmental protection, medicine, communications, energy, transportation, ad-
vanced manufacturing, and related areas.
The series takes into account that, under present strong demands for energy,
material, and cost savings, as well as heavy contamination problems and worldwide
pandemic conditions, the area of emerging materials and related scalable technol-
ogies is a highly interdisciplinary field, with the need for researchers, professionals,
and academics across the spectrum of engineering and technological disciplines.
The main objective of this book series is to attract more attention to these materials
and technologies and invite conversation among the international R&D community.
Nanocarbons
Preparation, Assessments, and Applications
Ashwini P. Alegaonkar and Prashant S. Alegaonka
Carbon-Based Conductive Polymer Composites
Processing, Properties, and Applications in Flexible Strain Sensors
Dong Xiang
Nanomaterials from Renewable Resources for Emerging Applications
Edited by Sandeep S. Ahankari, Amar K. Mohanty, and Manjusri Misra
Nanotechnology Platforms for Antiviral Challenges
Fundamentals, Applications and Advances
Edited by Soney C George and Ann Rose Abraham
Polymeric Biomaterials
Fabrication, Properties and Applications
Edited by Pooja Agarwal, Divya Bajpai Tripathy, Anjali Gupta and
Bijoy Kumar Kuanr
4D Imaging to 4D Printing
Biomedical Applications
Edited by Rupinder Singh
Advanced Materials for a Sustainable Environment
Development Strategies and Applications
Edited by Naveen Kumar and Peter Ramashadi Makgwane
For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/Emerging-
Materials-and-Technologies/book-series/CRCEMT
Nanomaterials from
Renewable Resources for
Emerging Applications
Edited by
Sandeep S. Ahankari, Amar K. Mohanty, and
Manjusri Misra
First edition published 2023
by CRC Press
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
and by CRC Press
4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
© 2023 selection and editorial matter, Sandeep S. Ahankari, Amar K. Mohanty,
Manjusri Misra; individual chapters, the contributors
Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author
and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the
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ISBN: 978-1-032-15671-2 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-15672-9 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-24526-1 (ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/9781003245261
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Contents
Preface.......................................................................................................................ix
Editors.......................................................................................................................xi
Contributors............................................................................................................xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction to Nanomaterials from Renewable Resources
and Book Overview.............................................................................1
S. Nithin Mithra, Sandeep S. Ahankari, Amar K. Mohanty,
and Manjusri Misra
Chapter 2 Processing and Characterization of Nanocomposites
Containing Green Nanofillers...........................................................25
S. Nithin Mithra, Sandeep S. Ahankari, Debarshi Nath,
Amar K. Mohanty, and Manjusri Misra
Section I Food Packaging
Chapter 3 Developments in Chitosan-Based Nanocomposites for
Food Packaging Applications...........................................................55
Reeba Mary Cherian, Tijo Antony, Siti Zarina Zakuwan,
Cintil Jose, Hanieh Kargarzadeh, and Sabu Thomas
Chapter 4 Recent Advancements in Barrier Properties of Lignin
Nanomaterial-Based Composites......................................................93
Heba Mohamed Fahmy, Asmaa Mamdoh Ahmed,
Martina Mohasen Naaem, Heba Gamal Abdelhamed,
Heba Osama Kahla, and Haidy Adel Fahmy
Chapter 5 Modified Hydrophobic Starch – An Alternate Green
Nanomaterial for Packaging Industry.............................................121
T. Senthamil Selvan, Debrup Chakraborty,
and Sumit Pramanik
v
vi Contents
Chapter 6 Renewable Nanocomposites for Antibacterial
Active Food Packaging...................................................................151
Heba Mohamed Fahmy, Asmaa Ezzat,
Sarah O. Al-Ghazali, Basmala A. Sultan,
Youssef S. Abdelaziz, Salma Y. Abd El Moain,
Rewida R. Hamed, and Aya M. Saeed
Section II Energy Conservation/Conversion
Chapter 7 Applications of Lignin in Energy Conversion: Solar Cells,
Fuel Cells, and Photocatalysis........................................................181
Zhao Zhang, Mekki Negui, Erwann Guénin,
Vincent Terrasson, and Victorien Jeux
Chapter 8 Nanocellulose-Based Materials as Electrodes
in Supercapacitors...........................................................................215
Kiran Ishwar Nargatti, Rahul Kumar Agrawal,
Sandeep S. Ahankari, and Andrews Nirmala Grace
Chapter 9 Employment of Green Polysaccharide Nanoparticles
in Electrolyte Membranes...............................................................245
Heba Mohamed Fahmy, Aya Khaled Mahmoud,
Omaima Ali Mostafa, Sara Bekhit Azmy,
and Nourhan Adel Mostafa
Chapter 10 Nanocellulose-Based Separators for Energy-Storage Devices.......265
Kiran Ishwar Nargatti, Sandeep S. Ahankari,
Dylan Lasrado, and Ramesh T. Subramaniam
Chapter 11 Employment of Nanolignin in Energy-Storage Devices................285
Reeya Agarwal and Sangeeta Singh
Chapter 12 Nanocellulose-Based Facilitated Transport Membranes
for Biogas Upgradation...................................................................327
S. Nithin Mithra, Sandeep S. Ahankari, and Sahil Dubey
Contents vii
Chapter 13 Aerogels with Green Nanofillers for Flame-Retardant
Applications.....................................................................................347
Joyel Paul and Sandeep S. Ahankari
Section III Environment
Chapter 14 Recent Trends in Nanochitosan-Based Materials for
Environmental Remediation............................................................377
Punita Upadhyay, Irum Zahara, Muhammad Zubair,
and Aman Ullah
Chapter 15 Nanocellulose-Based Membranes for Water Purification..............403
Joyel Paul, Sandeep S. Ahankari, Alain Dufresne,
and Sunil Dhole
Chapter 16 Nanocellulose- and Modified Wood-Based Sorbents
for Oily Waste Cleanup..................................................................431
Yeling Zhu, Shuhua Li, and Feng Jiang
Chapter 17 Carbon Nanomaterials as Renewable Water
Purification Materials......................................................................467
S. Lohith Reddy, Ankit Kotia, and Ioannis E. Sarris
Chapter 18 Potential Applications of Polysaccharide-Based Aerogels............487
Sreelaksmi K. Warrier, Devika Manoj, V. Varsha,
Gigi George, K. R. Ajish, Laly A. Pothan,
and Sabu Thomas
Chapter 19 Future Outlook and Challenges in the Applicability
of Green Nanomaterials..................................................................515
Sandeep S. Ahankari, Amar K. Mohanty, and Manjusri Misra
Index......................................................................................................................521
Preface
UN’s sustainable development goals (SDGs) at United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are an internationally acknowledged
directives. They recommend the use of green and environmentally benign materials
and practices. Herein, green practices encompass green technologies, life-cycle
assessment, green supply chain, cleaner and sustainable production, and green
disposal. The scientists and technologists have taken an immense interest and are
finding a way in following sustainable practices. The recent launch of the UN-
Energy Plan of Action toward 2025 has a double imperative- to end the energy
poverty and to address climate change.
This book displays a summary of the initiatives/efforts taken up the research
community in-line with the UN’s Plan of Action. It aims at providing a broad
review of the recent advances in the employment of green nanomaterials in
fabrication of films/composites/aerogels. It has mainly focussed on the emerging
applications that may contribute positively toward fulfilment of SDG 6, 7 and 12.
The application areas include packaging, energy, and water treatment. The
19 chapters presented in the book are divided in the following three sections.
Section I. Food Packaging (Chapters 3 to 6)
Section II. Energy Conservation/Conversion (Chapters 7 to 13)
Section III. Environment (Chapters 14 to 19)
The first two chapters focus on the fundamental aspects of nanotechnology. The first
chapter highlights the importance of green nanoparticles with its structure,
properties, and surface modification. It also overviews the progress of these
green nanomaterials in packaging, environment and energy-storage applications.
The second chapter discusses the processing and characterization of nanoparticles
and materials containing such nanofillers obtained from renewable resources.
The first section (Chapters 3 to 6) talks about the potential use of green biopolymer-
based packaging films (i.e., use of nano-cellulose, chitosan, nano-lignin, and nano-
startch) in commercial industries. It, in general, focuses on the properties of composite
packaging films, essential for increasing the shelf life of packed foods. Recent
advances in the field of antimicrobial active packaging and responsive packaging are
also highlighted in this section. The authors have shared their opinions about the
future research direction and hurdles that need to be overcome before making such
biodegradable and sustainable material/films a commercially viable packaging
alternative.
The second section (Chapters 7 to 13), the bigger amongst all, has focussed on
the energy conversion/conservation applications that look for the employment of
green nanofillers in the materials. Chapter 7 reviews about the employment of
nano-lignin in energy-conversion devices including fuel cell, solar cell, and photo
catalysis. Chapters 8 to 11 summarize the recent attempts made by the researchers
in replacing traditional (electrode/electrolyte/separator) materials with green
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