Table Of ContentNanomaterials
A Guide to Fabrication and Applications
© 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Devices, Circuits, and Systems
Series Editor
Krzysztof Iniewski
Emerging Technologies CMOS Inc.
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
PUBLISHED TITLES:
Analog Electronics for Radiation Detection
Renato Turchetta
Atomic Nanoscale Technology in the Nuclear Industry
Taeho Woo
Biological and Medical Sensor Technologies
Krzysztof Iniewski
Building Sensor Networks: From Design to Applications
Ioanis Nikolaidis and Krzysztof Iniewski
Cell and Material Interface: Advances in Tissue Engineering,
Biosensor, Implant, and Imaging Technologies
Nihal Engin Vrana
Circuits at the Nanoscale: Communications, Imaging, and Sensing
Krzysztof Iniewski
CMOS: Front-End Electronics for Radiation Sensors
Angelo Rivetti
CMOS Time-Mode Circuits and Systems: Fundamentals
and Applications
Fei Yuan
Design of 3D Integrated Circuits and Systems
Rohit Sharma
Electrical Solitons: Theory, Design, and Applications
David Ricketts and Donhee Ham
Electronics for Radiation Detection
Krzysztof Iniewski
Electrostatic Discharge Protection: Advances and Applications
Juin J. Liou
Embedded and Networking Systems:
Design, Software, and Implementation
Gul N. Khan and Krzysztof Iniewski
Energy Harvesting with Functional Materials and Microsystems
Madhu Bhaskaran, Sharath Sriram, and Krzysztof Iniewski
© 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Devices, Circuits, and Systems PUBLISHED TITLES:
Gallium Nitride (GaN): Physics, Devices, and Technology
Farid Medjdoub
Series Editor
Krzysztof Iniewski Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes, and Nanostuctures:
Techniques and Applications
Emerging Technologies CMOS Inc.
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada James E. Morris and Krzysztof Iniewski
High-Speed Devices and Circuits with THz Applications
Jung Han Choi
PUBLISHED TITLES: High-Speed Photonics Interconnects
Lukas Chrostowski and Krzysztof Iniewski
Analog Electronics for Radiation Detection
Renato Turchetta High Frequency Communication and Sensing:
Traveling-Wave Techniques
Atomic Nanoscale Technology in the Nuclear Industry
Taeho Woo Ahmet Tekin and Ahmed Emira
Biological and Medical Sensor Technologies Integrated Microsystems: Electronics, Photonics, and Biotechnology
Krzysztof Iniewski Krzysztof Iniewski
Building Sensor Networks: From Design to Applications Integrated Power Devices and TCAD Simulation
Ioanis Nikolaidis and Krzysztof Iniewski Yue Fu, Zhanming Li, Wai Tung Ng, and Johnny K.O. Sin
Cell and Material Interface: Advances in Tissue Engineering, Internet Networks: Wired, Wireless, and Optical Technologies
Biosensor, Implant, and Imaging Technologies Krzysztof Iniewski
Nihal Engin Vrana Ionizing Radiation Effects in Electronics: From Memories to Imagers
Circuits at the Nanoscale: Communications, Imaging, and Sensing Marta Bagatin and Simone Gerardin
Krzysztof Iniewski
Labs on Chip: Principles, Design, and Technology
CMOS: Front-End Electronics for Radiation Sensors Eugenio Iannone
Angelo Rivetti
Laser-Based Optical Detection of Explosives
CMOS Time-Mode Circuits and Systems: Fundamentals
Paul M. Pellegrino, Ellen L. Holthoff, and Mikella E. Farrell
and Applications
Low Power Emerging Wireless Technologies
Fei Yuan
Reza Mahmoudi and Krzysztof Iniewski
Design of 3D Integrated Circuits and Systems
Medical Imaging: Technology and Applications
Rohit Sharma
Troy Farncombe and Krzysztof Iniewski
Electrical Solitons: Theory, Design, and Applications
Metallic Spintronic Devices
David Ricketts and Donhee Ham
Xiaobin Wang
Electronics for Radiation Detection MEMS: Fundamental Technology and Applications
Krzysztof Iniewski
Vikas Choudhary and Krzysztof Iniewski
Electrostatic Discharge Protection: Advances and Applications
Micro- and Nanoelectronics: Emerging Device Challenges and Solutions
Juin J. Liou
Tomasz Brozek
Embedded and Networking Systems:
Microfluidics and Nanotechnology: Biosensing to the Single Molecule Limit
Design, Software, and Implementation
Eric Lagally
Gul N. Khan and Krzysztof Iniewski
Energy Harvesting with Functional Materials and Microsystems
Madhu Bhaskaran, Sharath Sriram, and Krzysztof Iniewski
© 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
PUBLISHED TITLES: PUBLISHED TITLES:
MIMO Power Line Communications: Narrow and Broadband Standards,
Reconfigurable Logic: Architecture, Tools, and Applications
EMC, and Advanced Processing
Pierre-Emmanuel Gaillardon
Lars Torsten Berger, Andreas Schwager, Pascal Pagani, and Daniel Schneider
Semiconductor Radiation Detection Systems
Mixed-Signal Circuits
Krzysztof Iniewski
Thomas Noulis
Smart Grids: Clouds, Communications, Open Source, and Automation
Mobile Point-of-Care Monitors and Diagnostic Device Design
David Bakken
Walter Karlen
Smart Sensors for Industrial Applications
Multisensor Data Fusion: From Algorithm and Architecture Design
Krzysztof Iniewski
to Applications
Soft Errors: From Particles to Circuits
Hassen Fourati
Jean-Luc Autran and Daniela Munteanu
Nano-Semiconductors: Devices and Technology
Krzysztof Iniewski Solid-State Radiation Detectors: Technology and Applications
Salah Awadalla
Nanoelectronic Device Applications Handbook
James E. Morris and Krzysztof Iniewski Technologies for Smart Sensors and Sensor Fusion
Kevin Yallup and Krzysztof Iniewski
Nanomaterials: A Guide to Fabrication and Applications
Sivashankar Krishnamoorthy Telecommunication Networks
Eugenio Iannone
Nanopatterning and Nanoscale Devices for Biological Applications
Šeila Selimovic´ Testing for Small-Delay Defects in Nanoscale CMOS Integrated Circuits
Sandeep K. Goel and Krishnendu Chakrabarty
Nanoplasmonics: Advanced Device Applications
James W. M. Chon and Krzysztof Iniewski VLSI: Circuits for Emerging Applications
Tomasz Wojcicki
Nanoscale Semiconductor Memories: Technology and Applications
Santosh K. Kurinec and Krzysztof Iniewski Wireless Technologies: Circuits, Systems, and Devices
Krzysztof Iniewski
Novel Advances in Microsystems Technologies and Their Applications
Laurent A. Francis and Krzysztof Iniewski Wireless Transceiver Circuits: System Perspectives and Design Aspects
Woogeun Rhee
Optical, Acoustic, Magnetic, and Mechanical Sensor Technologies
Krzysztof Iniewski
FORTHCOMING TITLES:
Optical Fiber Sensors: Advanced Techniques and Applications
Advances in Imaging and Sensing
Ginu Rajan
Shuo Tang and Daryoosh Saeedkia
Optical Imaging Devices: New Technologies and Applications
Circuits and Systems for Security and Privacy
Ajit Khosla and Dongsoo Kim
Farhana Sheikh and Leonel Sousa
Organic Solar Cells: Materials, Devices, Interfaces, and Modeling
Qiquan Qiao Magnetic Sensors: Technologies and Applications
Laurent A. Francis and Kirill Poletkin
Physical Design for 3D Integrated Circuits
MRI: Physics, Image Reconstruction, and Analysis
Aida Todri-Sanial and Chuan Seng Tan
Angshul Majumdar and Rabab Ward
Radiation Detectors for Medical Imaging
Jan S. Iwanczyk Multisensor Attitude Estimation: Fundamental Concepts and Applications
Hassen Fourati and Djamel Eddine Chouaib Belkhiat
Radiation Effects in Semiconductors
Krzysztof Iniewski Nanoelectronics: Devices, Circuits, and Systems
Nikos Konofaos
© 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
PUBLISHED TITLES: PUBLISHED TITLES:
MIMO Power Line Communications: Narrow and Broadband Standards,
Reconfigurable Logic: Architecture, Tools, and Applications
EMC, and Advanced Processing
Pierre-Emmanuel Gaillardon
Lars Torsten Berger, Andreas Schwager, Pascal Pagani, and Daniel Schneider
Semiconductor Radiation Detection Systems
Mixed-Signal Circuits
Krzysztof Iniewski
Thomas Noulis
Smart Grids: Clouds, Communications, Open Source, and Automation
Mobile Point-of-Care Monitors and Diagnostic Device Design
David Bakken
Walter Karlen
Smart Sensors for Industrial Applications
Multisensor Data Fusion: From Algorithm and Architecture Design
Krzysztof Iniewski
to Applications
Soft Errors: From Particles to Circuits
Hassen Fourati
Jean-Luc Autran and Daniela Munteanu
Nano-Semiconductors: Devices and Technology
Krzysztof Iniewski Solid-State Radiation Detectors: Technology and Applications
Salah Awadalla
Nanoelectronic Device Applications Handbook
James E. Morris and Krzysztof Iniewski Technologies for Smart Sensors and Sensor Fusion
Kevin Yallup and Krzysztof Iniewski
Nanomaterials: A Guide to Fabrication and Applications
Sivashankar Krishnamoorthy Telecommunication Networks
Eugenio Iannone
Nanopatterning and Nanoscale Devices for Biological Applications
Šeila Selimovic´ Testing for Small-Delay Defects in Nanoscale CMOS Integrated Circuits
Sandeep K. Goel and Krishnendu Chakrabarty
Nanoplasmonics: Advanced Device Applications
James W. M. Chon and Krzysztof Iniewski VLSI: Circuits for Emerging Applications
Tomasz Wojcicki
Nanoscale Semiconductor Memories: Technology and Applications
Santosh K. Kurinec and Krzysztof Iniewski Wireless Technologies: Circuits, Systems, and Devices
Krzysztof Iniewski
Novel Advances in Microsystems Technologies and Their Applications
Laurent A. Francis and Krzysztof Iniewski Wireless Transceiver Circuits: System Perspectives and Design Aspects
Woogeun Rhee
Optical, Acoustic, Magnetic, and Mechanical Sensor Technologies
Krzysztof Iniewski
FORTHCOMING TITLES:
Optical Fiber Sensors: Advanced Techniques and Applications
Advances in Imaging and Sensing
Ginu Rajan
Shuo Tang and Daryoosh Saeedkia
Optical Imaging Devices: New Technologies and Applications
Circuits and Systems for Security and Privacy
Ajit Khosla and Dongsoo Kim
Farhana Sheikh and Leonel Sousa
Organic Solar Cells: Materials, Devices, Interfaces, and Modeling
Qiquan Qiao Magnetic Sensors: Technologies and Applications
Laurent A. Francis and Kirill Poletkin
Physical Design for 3D Integrated Circuits
MRI: Physics, Image Reconstruction, and Analysis
Aida Todri-Sanial and Chuan Seng Tan
Angshul Majumdar and Rabab Ward
Radiation Detectors for Medical Imaging
Jan S. Iwanczyk Multisensor Attitude Estimation: Fundamental Concepts and Applications
Hassen Fourati and Djamel Eddine Chouaib Belkhiat
Radiation Effects in Semiconductors
Krzysztof Iniewski Nanoelectronics: Devices, Circuits, and Systems
Nikos Konofaos
© 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
FORTHCOMING TITLES:
Power Management Integrated Circuits and Technologies
Mona M. Hella and Patrick Mercier
Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design
Sebastian Magierowski
Semiconductor Devices in Harsh Conditions
Kirsten Weide-Zaage and Malgorzata Chrzanowska-Jeske
Smart eHealth and eCare Technologies Handbook
Sari Merilampi, Lars T. Berger, and Andrew Sirkka
Structural Health Monitoring of Composite Structures Using Fiber
Optic Methods
Ginu Rajan and Gangadhara Prusty
Tunable RF Components and Circuits: Applications in Mobile Handsets
Jeffrey L. Hilbert
Wireless Medical Systems and Algorithms: Design and Applications
Pietro Salvo and Miguel Hernandez-Silveira
© 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
FORTHCOMING TITLES:
Power Management Integrated Circuits and Technologies
Mona M. Hella and Patrick Mercier
Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design
Sebastian Magierowski
Semiconductor Devices in Harsh Conditions
Kirsten Weide-Zaage and Malgorzata Chrzanowska-Jeske
Nanomaterials
Smart eHealth and eCare Technologies Handbook
Sari Merilampi, Lars T. Berger, and Andrew Sirkka
Structural Health Monitoring of Composite Structures Using Fiber
Optic Methods
Ginu Rajan and Gangadhara Prusty
Tunable RF Components and Circuits: Applications in Mobile Handsets
Jeffrey L. Hilbert A Guide to Fabrication and Applications
Wireless Medical Systems and Algorithms: Design and Applications
Pietro Salvo and Miguel Hernandez-Silveira
Edited by
Sivashankar Krishnamoorthy
Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST),
Luxembourg
Krzysztof Iniewski
MANAGING EDITOR
Emerging Technologies CMOS Inc.
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20151008
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-9126-4 (eBook - PDF)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable
efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot
assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and
publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication
and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any
copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any
future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced,
transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or
hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information stor-
age or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copy-
right.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222
Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that pro-
vides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photo-
copy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
© 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Contents
Foreword ...................................................................................................................xi
Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................xiii
Editors ......................................................................................................................xv
Contributors ...........................................................................................................xvii
Chapter 1 Top Down Meets Bottom Up for Nanoscale CMOS and MEMS ..........1
Arindam Kushagra, Sampath Satti, and V. Ramgopal Rao
Chapter 2 Synthesis and Assembly of Inorganic and Inorganic–Organic
Hybrid Nanomaterials by Microreactor-Assisted Chemical
Processes ............................................................................................23
Ki-Joong Kim, Chang-Ho Choi, Seung-Yeol Han,
and Chih-Hung Chang
Chapter 3 Studying Biologically Templated Materials with Atomic Force
Microscopy .........................................................................................53
Andrew J. Lee and Christoph Walti
Chapter 4 Environmental Fate and Effects of Nanomaterials in Aquatic
Freshwater Environments ...................................................................95
Arno C. Gutleb, Sébastien Cambier, Teresa Fernandes,
Anastasia Georgantzopoulou, Thomas A.J. Kuhlbusch,
Iseult Lynch, Ailbhe Macken, Kahina Mehennaoui,
Ruth Moeller, Carmen Nickel, W. Peijnenburg, and Tomasso Serchi
Chapter 5 Magnetron-Sputtered Hard Nanostructured TiAlN Coatings:
Strategic Approach toward Potential Improvement .........................123
Vishal Khetan, Nathalie Valle, Marie Paule Delplancke,
and Patrick Choquet
Chapter 6 Functional Nanoceramics: A Brief Review on Structure
Property Evolutions of Advanced Functional Ceramics
Processed Using Microwave and Conventional Techniques ............145
Santiranjan Shannigrahi and Mohit Sharma
Chapter 7 Design of Magnetic Semiconductors in Silicon ...............................167
Michael Shaughnessy, Liam Damewood, and Ching-Yao Fong
ix
© 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
x Contents
Chapter 8 Solution-Based Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film
Logic Gate ........................................................................................195
Yan Duan, Jason Juhala, and Wei Xue
Chapter 9 On the Possibility of Observing Tunable Laser-Induced Band
Gaps in Graphene .............................................................................215
Hernán L. Calvo, Horacio M. Pastawski, Stephan Roche,
and Luis E.F. Foa Torres
Chapter 10 Applications of Nanocarbons for High-Efficiency Optical
Absorbers and High-Performance Nanoelectromechanical
Systems .............................................................................................237
Anupama B. Kaul, Jaesung Lee, and Philip X.-L. Feng
Chapter 11 Carbon Nanostructures from Biomass Waste for Supercapacitor
Applications ......................................................................................261
Ankit Tyagi and Raju Kumar Gupta
Index ......................................................................................................................283
© 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
