Table Of ContentNanomedicine and Nanotoxicology
Josimar O. Eloy
Juliana Palma Abriata
Juliana Maldonado Marchetti Editors
Nanocarriers
for Drug
Delivery
Concepts and Applications
Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology
Series Editor
V. Zucolotto, Institute of Physics São Carlos, University of São Paulo,
São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10620
Josimar O. Eloy Juliana Palma Abriata
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Juliana Maldonado Marchetti
Editors
Nanocarriers for Drug
Delivery
Concepts and Applications
123
Editors
Josimar O.Eloy Juliana Palma Abriata
Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology and Department ofPharmaceutical Sciences
Nursing, Department ofPharmacy Schoolof Pharmaceutical Sciences
Federal University of Ceará University of SãoPaulo
Fortaleza, Ceará,Brazil RibeirãoPreto, Brazil
Juliana MaldonadoMarchetti
Department ofPharmaceutical Sciences
Schoolof Pharmaceutical Sciences
University of SãoPaulo
RibeirãoPreto, Brazil
ISSN 2194-0452 ISSN 2194-0460 (electronic)
Nanomedicine andNanotoxicology
ISBN978-3-030-63388-2 ISBN978-3-030-63389-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63389-9
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Preface
This is the first edition of Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery, a book following a
partnership between editors from the University of São Paulo and Federal
UniversityofCeará,inBrazil,withcontributedchaptersfromrenownedresearchers
onpharmaceuticalnanotechnologyfromavarietyofuniversitiesinBrazilandother
countries. We invited researchers from major universities who have been working
withusovertheyears;therefore,thisbookbringstheeffortsofaverycohesiveand
unified team.
Nanotechnology has undergone fast development in the pharmaceutical field,
and currently a variety of drugs have been formulated in nanostructured delivery
systems for treatment/diagnosis of a variety of diseases, with many advantages,
including reduced side effects, controlled drug release and improved pharmacoki-
netics. However, books covering more basic aspects of pharmaceutical nanotech-
nologyarescarce;therefore,wedecidedtoeditabookthatnotonlyreviewsrecent
innovations, but also addresses more basic and conceptual issues, for a didactic
comprehension of the covered topics.
The book covers basic aspects of the different nanoparticles currently available,
includingthetypeofmaterials,lipid,polymericandinorganicstructures,synthesis
strategies, as well as the main physicochemical characterization techniques. Also,
we address herein recent applications for both treatmentand diagnosis of diseases,
includingcancer,highlightinginvitroandinvivofindings,andclinicalevaluation.
Furthermore, we highlight the main barriers for drug delivery which can benefit
from nanoencapsulation: the topical and oral routes. The main innovations in the
field, such as gene therapy, functionalization of nanoparticles with a variety of
moieties,includingmonoclonalantibodiesforselectivedelivery,andphotodynamic
therapy, are discussed with very recent examples. Finally, we covered toxicology
and regulatory aspects, therefore, providing a thorough overview of nanoparticles
for medical applications. Therefore, we covered a very wide field of nanotech-
nology for medical applications, which is advantageous from those who need a
more complete understating of nanotechnology tools for drug delivery.
v
vi Preface
Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery should interest researchers working with drug
delivery systems and nanotechnology. We particularly aim to reach undergraduate
and graduate students in the pharmaceutical sciences field, considering that our
book addresses basic concepts and specific applications of drug nanocarriers.
Furthermore, formulation scientists from pharmaceutical industry could take
advantage of the issues discussed in the book. We hope that readers can find
valuableinformationinthebookandbeinspiredtoworkinthewonderfulworldof
pharmaceutical nanotechnology.
Fortaleza, Brazil Josimar O. Eloy
Ribeirão Preto, Brazil Juliana Palma Abriata
Ribeirão Preto, Brazil Juliana Maldonado Marchetti
Contents
Polymeric Nanoparticles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Marcela Tavares Luiz, Juliana Palma Abriata,
Giovanni Loureiro Raspantini, and Juliana Maldonado Marchetti
Lipid Nanocarriers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Mariza A. Miranda, Margarete M. de Araujo, Alexandre R. Gaspari,
Leticia B. Silva, Ivana P. S. Carvalho, Jacqueline C. L. Campos,
and Priscyla D. Marcato
Inorganic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Paula M. P. Lins, Laís Ribovski, Isabella Sampaio, Olavo A. Santos,
Valtencir Zucolotto, and Juliana Cancino-Bernardi
Colloidal Disperse Systems: Microemulsions and Nanoemulsions. . . . . . 73
AndreiaAscenso,SandraSimões,JoanaMarto,HelenaMargaridaRibeiro,
and António José Almeida
Physicochemical Characterization of Drug Nanocarrriers . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Giovanni Loureiro Raspantini, Marcela Tavares Luiz, Melanie Tavares,
and Eduardo Ricci-Junior
Targeting of Drug Nanocarriers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Josimar O. Eloy, Raquel Petrilli, and Robert J. Lee
Nanocarriers for Oral Drug Delivery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Beatriz Stringhetti Ferreira Cury, Andréia Bagliotti Meneguin,
Fabíola Garavello Prezotti, Fernanda Isadora Boni,
and Valeria Maria de Oliveira Cardoso
Nanocarriers of Drugs for Topical Delivery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Maria Teresa Junqueira Garcia, Luciana Biagini Lopes,
Gislaine Ribeiro Pereira, and Newton Andréo-Filho
vii
viii Contents
Recent Advances in Nanocarriers Used for Selective Gene
Silencing Therapy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Fabíola Silva Garcia Praça, Lívia Neves Borgheti-Cardoso,
Margarete Moreno de Araújo, and Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley
Nanocarriers for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Bruno Fonseca-Santos, Patrícia Bento da Silva, Josimar O. Eloy,
and Marlus Chorilli
Nanosystems Comprising Biocompatible Polymers for the Delivery
of Photoactive Compounds in Biomedical Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Antonio Claudio Tedesco, Fernando Lucas Primo, and Raquel Petrilli
Toxicology of Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
PatríciaMazurekiCampos,JulianaPalmaAbriata,andPriscylaD.Marcato
Regulation of Nanotechnology-Based Products Subject to Health
Regulations: Application of Quality by Design (QbD) and Quality
Risk Management (QRM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
André Luís Dias, Natália Noronha Ferreira,
Leonardo Miziara Barboza Ferreira, Liliane Neves Pedreiro,
Aline Martins dos Santos, and Maria Palmira Daflon Gremião
About the Editors
Prof. Josimar O. Eloy, Ph.D. graduated in pharmacy and biochemistry, with
master´s and PhD degrees in pharmaceutical sciences by the Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil. He
completed an undergraduate internship at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de
México (Mexico) and an internship at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid
(Spain).Hewasavisitingscholarfor1yearatTheOhioStateUniversity,USA.He
completed a postdoc at Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Brazil. He has
experience in the veterinary pharmaceutical industry in formulation development.
Currently, he is Professor at the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), in Fortaleza,
Brazil,working intheareaofpharmaceuticaltechnology andnanotechnology.His
researchworkhasfocusedondevelopment,characterization(drugquantificationby
HPLC, particle size by dynamic light scattering, in vitro release studies, calori-
metric analysis, DSC and TGA, X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy,
scanning and transmission electron microscopy) and evaluation of drug delivery
systems for the treatment of diseases, especially cancer. His current research
involves the strategy of functionalization of drug nanocarriers for targeting,
evaluated in models in vitro (cytotoxicity and cell uptake by flow cytometry and
confocalmicroscopy)andinvivo,usingxenograftmodelsinmiceforbreastcancer
and prostate cancer. He is a permanent member of post-graduation course in
pharmaceutical sciences at Federal University of Ceará.
JulianaPalmaAbriata,Ph.D. graduatedinpharmaceuticalsciencesatUniversity
of Ribeirao Preto (UNAERP). She received her master´s degree, as well as
developed her doctoral research in pharmaceutical sciences by the School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil. She
wasaguestPhDstudentatCollegeofPharmacy,TheOhioStateUniversity,USA,
under supervision of Dr Robert Lee. She has publications in drug delivery field.
Currently, she is a postdoc student at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of
Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil. During this time, she worked with development
andcharacterizationofdrugdeliverysystemstoChagasdiseaseandovariancancer
treatment. Her research work has focused on development, characterization (drug
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