Nano Drug Delivery Strategies for the Treatment of Cancers

374 Pages·2020·6.596 MB·English

by  Awesh K. Yadav (editor), Umesh Gupta (editor), Rajeev Sharma (editor)

NANO DRUG
DELIVERY
STRATEGIES FOR
THE TREATMENT
OF CANCERS
This pageintentionallyleftblank
NANO DRUG
DELIVERY
STRATEGIES FOR
THE TREATMENT
OF CANCERS
Edited by
A K. Y
WESH ADAV
BhagyodayTirthPharmacyCollege,Sagar,India
U G
MESH UPTA
DepartmentofPharmacy,SchoolofChemicalSciencesandPharmacy,
CentralUniversityofRajasthan,Bandarsindri,India
R S
AJEEV HARMA
FormulationScientist,PharmaceuticalCompany,Chandigarh,Punjab,India
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Dedication
I would like to dedicate this book to my father (Mr. Shiv Narayan Yadav) and my
mother (Mrs. Maya Yadav), my brother Anand and my sisters Rashmi and Reeta
who always motivated me to do better. This book is also dedicated to my wife
Archana and my adorable daughters Doorva and Son Darsh. Without their
valuable support this book could not have been completed within a year.
—Dr. Awesh K. Yadav
I would like to dedicate this book to my parents (Lt. Mr. Dayaram and Mrs. Malti
Devi Gupta), my brother Rakesh and my sisters Kusum, Rekha, Shashi, Meena,
and Seema who always motivated me to do better. This book is also dedicated to
my loving wife Namrata (Mini) and my adorable daughters Manu and Peehu,
without whose love and sacrifice this was not possible.
—Dr. Umesh Gupta
I would like to dedicate this book to my beloved family who encouraged and
supported me to complete this book. I am indebted to my wife Upasna and
daughter Aanya for their immeasurable support and patience, and without whose
love and sacrifice this would not have been possible. I also wish to place on record
the encouragement I received from friends, seniors (especially Awesh Snr. and
Umesh Snr.), juniors, and many well-wishers who have helped in our attempt to
produce this book.
—Dr. Rajeev Sharma
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Contents
List of contributors xiii 2.4.2 Passivetargeting 40
Preface xv 2.4.3 Activetargeting 41
2.5 Mechanisticpathwaysemployedby
nanoparticlestocrosstheblood(cid:1)brain
1. Emergence of novel targeting systems
barrier 41
and conventional therapies for effective
2.5.1 Carrier-mediatedtransport 41
cancer treatment 1
2.5.2 Receptor-mediatedtransport 42
LaxmikantGautam,AnamikaJain,PriyaShrivastava, 2.5.3 Adsorptive-mediatedtransport 43
SonalVyasandSureshP.Vyas 2.6 Nanomedicineforthetreatmentanddiagnosis
ofgliomas 43
1.1 Introduction 1
2.7 Nanomedicineforthediagnosisofbrain
1.2 Conventionaltherapiesforthetreatmentof
cancers 43
cancer 2
2.7.1 Magneticresonanceimaging 44
1.2.1 Roleofsurgeryforcancertreatment 2
2.7.2 Ramanscatteringandcomputed
1.2.2 Roleofradiotherapyforcancer
tomographyimaging 45
treatment 5
2.7.3 Nanoparticlesascarriersoffluorescent
1.2.3 Roleofchemotherapyincancer
dyesforimagingtumors 45
treatment 6
2.7.4 Nanoparticlesasfluorescentagentsfor
1.3 Novelapproachesforthetreatmentof
tumorimaging 48
cancer 8
2.8 Nanomedicineforthetreatmentofbrain
1.3.1 Lipid-basednanomedicines 8
cancer 51
1.3.2Polymer-basednanomedicines 20
2.8.1 Metalnanoparticles 51
1.3.3 Miscellaneousnanocarriers 25
2.8.2 Liposomes 56
1.4 Conclusion 27
2.8.3 Polymericnanoparticles 58
Acknowledgment 27
2.8.4 Dendrimers 60
References 27
2.9 Nanomedicinesforbraincancerusinga
combinatorialapproach 60
2. Nanomedicine: future therapy for brain
2.9.1 Combinationofmagneticresonance
cancers 37 imagingandtherapy 61
ShaguftaHaque,CarolineCelineNorbertandChittaRanjanPatra 2.9.2 Combinationofopticalimagingand
therapy 63
2.1 Introduction 37 2.9.3 Combinationofmultimodalimaging
2.2 Globalstatisticsofbraincancers 38 andtherapy 63
2.3 Majordrawbacksandcircumstancesinbrain 2.10 Futureperspectivesandchallenges 64
tumors 39 2.11 Conclusion 65
2.4 Generalstrategyofnanoparticlesforthe Acknowledgment 66
treatmentofbraincancers 40 Abbreviations 66
2.4.1 Physicalproperties 40 References 67
vii
viii
Contents
3. Nano drug delivery strategies for the 5.2 Drugdeliverytotheliverwith
treatment and diagnosis of oral and throat nanoparticles 120
5.3 Cellularuptakeinvitro 124
cancers 75
5.4 Antitumorefficacyinvivo 126
SandraJ.Perdomo,AngelaFonseca-Ben´ıtez,Andre´sCardona- 5.5 Doxorubicinandlovastatinco-delivery
Mendoza,ConsueloRomero-Sa´nchezandJennyPa´rraga
liposomes 128
5.5.1 Anticanceractivity 129
3.1 Oralandthroatcancers 75
5.5.2 Histologicalanalysis 130
3.1.1 Conventionaltherapiesforthe
5.6 Goldnanoparticles 130
managementoforalcancers 75
5.6.1 Goldnanoparticlethermal
3.1.2 Cisplatin 76
therapy 132
3.1.3 5-Fluorouracil 76
5.6.2 Mechanism 134
3.1.4 Paclitaxel/docetaxel 76
5.6.3 Antitumoreffectinvivo 138
3.2 Transportbarrierstodrugdeliveryinheadand
5.7 Toxicity 139
necktumors 77
5.8 Conclusion 140
3.3 Nanotechnologyinheadandneckcancer
References 140
detectionanddiagnosis 78
3.3.1 Nano-basedmolecularimaging 79
3.3.2 Nanotechnology-baseddrugdelivery 6. Nanoparticles and pancreas
systemsforthetreatmentofheadand cancer 145
neckcancer 88
AkankshaMalaiya,DollyJainandAweshK.Yadav
3.4 Conclusion 97
References 97 6.1 Introduction 145
6.2 Physiologyofpancreaticcancer 145
4. Nanoparticles and lung cancer 107 6.3 Currentscenarioandepidemiologyof
pancreaticcancer 146
SudhaVengurlekarandSubhashChandraChaturvedi
6.4 Treatmentofpancreaticcancer 147
4.1 Introduction 107 6.5 Mechanismofnanoparticleuptakein
4.1.1 Cause,moleculartarget 108 pancreaticcancer 148
4.1.2 Traditionaltherapiesfortreatment 108 6.6 Receptorfortargetingpancreaticcancer 149
4.1.3 Shortcomingswithexisting 6.6.1 Epidermalgrowthfactor
treatments 109 receptor 149
4.2 Nanotechnologyandlungcancer 110 6.6.2 CD44receptor 149
4.2.1 Organicnanoparticlesforlung 6.6.3 Folatereceptor 150
cancer 111 6.6.4 Transferrinreceptor 150
4.2.2 Inorganicnanoparticlesforlung 6.6.5 Vascularendothelialgrowthfactor 150
cancer 112 6.7 Characterizationtechniques 151
4.2.3 Naturalorbiomaterialsas 6.8 Nanocarriersystemsinthetreatmentof
nanoparticles 113 pancreaticcancer 151
4.2.4 Othernovelnanoparticlessystemsfor 6.8.1 Nanoparticles 151
lungcancer 114 6.8.2 Liposomes 155
4.3 Conclusion 115 6.8.3 Carbonnanotubes 157
References 116 6.8.4 Dendrimer 157
6.8.5 Micelles 158
5. Nanoparticles and liver cancer 119 6.8.6 Nanogel 158
6.8.7 Quantumdots 159
MohammadBayatandDavoodGhaidari
6.9 Conclusion 159
5.1 Introduction 119 References 160
ix
Contents
7. The role of nanoparticles in the 8.4 Nanoparticles:themoderntrendsinthe
treatment of gastric cancer 165 treatmentofcoloncancer 206
8.4.1 pH-responsivenanoparticles 207
KuldeepRajpootandSunilK.Jain
8.4.2 Liposomes 208
8.4.3 Polymericnanoparticles 209
7.1 Introduction 165
8.4.4 Solidlipidnanoparticles 213
7.2 Nanoparticlesintheimagingofgastric
8.4.5 Metallicnanoparticles 213
cancer 166
8.4.6 Magneticnanoparticles 214
7.2.1 Nanoparticlesinsystemicimaging 167
8.4.7 Viralnanoparticles 215
7.2.2 Otherwaysofimaging 170
8.4.8 Polymericmicelles 216
7.3 Nanoparticlesinthedetectionoftumors 172
8.4.9 Hydrogel 216
7.3.1 Nanoparticlesintheearlydetectionof
8.4.10 Polymerosomes 217
gastriccancerviaendoscopy 172
8.4.11 Carbonnanotubes 217
7.3.2 Nanoparticlesinthedetectionofgastric
8.5 Conclusion 218
cancerusingbiomarkers 173
Acknowledgment 218
7.3.3 Nanoparticlesinthedetectionof
Conflictofinterest 219
circulatingtumorcellsingastric
References 219
cancer 173
7.4 Nanoparticle-basedtherapyofgastric
9. Treating blood cancer with
cancer 174
7.4.1 Chitosannanoparticles 174 nanotechnology: A paradigm shift 225
7.4.2 Polymericnanoparticles 175
ChinmayThakur,PallaviNayak,VijayMishra,MayankSharma
7.4.3 Silvernanoparticles 177 andGauravK.Saraogi
7.4.4 Goldnanoparticles 178
7.4.5 Magneticnanoparticles 178 9.1 Introduction 225
7.4.6 Carbonnanotubes 178 9.2 Cancerstatistics 226
7.4.7 Photodynamictherapy 179 9.3 Bloodcancer 226
7.4.8 Miscellaneous 179 9.4 Typesofbloodcancer 228
7.5 Conclusion 179 9.5 Pathophysiologyofbloodcancer 228
Disclosurestatement 180 9.6 Therapiesforbloodcancer 229
Abbreviations 180 9.6.1 Genetherapy 229
References 181 9.6.2 Chemotherapy 229
9.6.3 Immunotherapy 230
8. Nanoparticles and colon cancer 191 9.6.4 Radiationtherapy 230
9.6.5 Advancementsinbloodcancer
PriyaShrivastava,RajeevSharma,LaxmikantGautam,SonalVyas
treatment 231
andSureshP.Vyas
9.7 Nanotechnologyintreatmentofcancer 231
8.1 Introduction 191 9.7.1 Nanoparticles 233
8.2 Molecularbiologyofcoloncancer 193 9.7.2 Drug(cid:1)proteinconjugation 234
8.2.1 Adenoma(cid:1)carcinomasequence 193 9.7.3 Liposomes 234
8.2.2 Geneticmutations 194 9.7.4 Polymericnanoparticles 234
8.2.3 Biomarkers 194 9.7.5 Dendrimericnanoparticles 235
8.3 Conventionaltreatmentoptionsforcolon 9.7.6 Quantumdots 235
cancerandtheirlimitations 203 9.7.7 Carbonnanotubes 235
8.3.1 Surgicalresection 203 9.7.8 Metalnanoparticles 235
8.3.2 Radiationtherapy 204 9.7.9 Silvernanoparticles 236
8.3.3 Chemotherapy 204 9.7.10 Goldnanoparticles 236
8.3.4 Targetedtherapy 204 9.7.11 Mesoporoussilicananoparticles 236
8.3.5 Immunotherapy 206 9.7.12 Propertiesofnanocarriers 236