Nano-Antimicrobials: Progress and Prospects

562 Pages·2012·10.75 MB·English

by  Hua Zhang

Nano-Antimicrobials
.
Nicola Cioffi Mahendra Rai
l
Editors
Nano-Antimicrobials
Progress and Prospects
Editors
Dr.NicolaCioffi Prof.MahendraRai
Universita`degliStudidiBari SGBAmravatiUniversity
DipartimentodiChimica Dept.Biotechnology
viaOrabona4 Amravati
70126Bari India
Italy [email protected]
cioffi@chimica.uniba.it
ISBN978-3-642-24427-8 e-ISBN978-3-642-24428-5
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-24428-5
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012932406
# Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2012
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis
concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,
reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication
orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,
1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violations
areliabletoprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw.
Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply,
evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotective
lawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
Printedonacid-freepaper
SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com)
Preface
There are alarming reports of new and emerging diseases caused by pathogenic
microbesfromallovertheworld.ThedreadeddiseaseslikeAIDSandcancerneeds
new antimicrobial agents. The secondary infections caused by microbes incancer
patientsarefatalandsometimesdifficulttocure.Chemotherapyisoneofthemost
effective strategies to treat malignant tumors. However, the resistance of cancer
cells to the drugs remains a significant impediment to successful chemotherapy.
Multidrug-resistant microbes are increasing with fast pace. The disease burden
from multidrug-resistant strains of tuberculosis, malaria, hepatitis, and HIV is
growinginbothdevelopedanddevelopingcountries.Therefore,thereisapressing
need to search for a new generation of antimicrobial agents, which are effective,
safeandcanbeusedforthecureofmultidrug-resistantmicrobialinfections.Nano-
antimicrobials offer effective solutions for the cure of such new and multidrug-
resistantmicrobes.
The development of innovative nanosized materials capable of preventing
the growth of undesired or pathogenic biological species is an emerging nano-
technologicalfield.Nanophasescomposedofcoinagemetalsandtheircompounds
(e.g.,Cu, Ag,Zn,etc.) arebeingfrequentlyemployedasanewbioactive element
that is well tolerated by human beings. Organic and hybrid nano-antimicrobials
are also being deeply studied. Several applications are envisaged for this class
of materials, including food packaging and improvement of feedstock shelf-life,
anti-fouling coatings and paints, antimicrobial textiles, biomedical devices and
disposables, prevention of bio-contamination and diffusion of pandemic diseases
in high-risk places (hospitals, airports, stations), etc. An exponentially growing
numberofpatentsandpapersisbeingissuedonthesemultidisciplinaryaspects.
The present book is aimed at discussing the new technology of nano-
antimicrobials. The book covers the synthesis of nanomaterials including
Chemical,Physical,Mechanical,Photo-andElectro-Chemicalmethods.Particular
emphasisisgiventothemicrobialsynthesisofbioactivenanomaterials,becausethe
process is eco-friendly and economically viable. The antimicrobial potential of
different nanoparticles is also covered, bioactivity mechanisms are elucidated,
v
vi Preface
and several applications are reviewed in detail. Finally, the toxicology of nano-
antimicrobialsisbrieflyassessed.
Thebookhasbeendividedintofoursections.SectionIcoversthesynthesisand
characterization of novel nano-antimicrobials, and the opening chapters have
been prepared by two of the leading research groups working on silver nano-
antimicrobials. The contributions by the groups of Professors Sen and Wang
provide complementary points of view on either nanoparticle- or nanocomposite-
based silver antimicrobials. Then, the chapters by Dr. Longano, Prof. Fernandez-
Garcia, and Dr. Manna offer a comprehensive description of nano-antimicrobials,
respectively based on copper, photo-catalytic titanium oxide, and zinc oxide.
Finally, in the last chapter of the section, a short overview of the main methods
forthecharacterizationofnano-antimicrobialsisprovidedbyProf.Regan.
Section II deals with the bioactivity and mechanisms of action of nano-
antimicrobials.Inthissection,acontributionbytheeditorsdealswiththebenefits
and bottlenecks of the use of silver nano-antimicrobials. Then, a contribution by
Prof.Mukherjiassessesstrainresistanceorsensitivitytowardsnano-antimicrobials.
ThechapterbyDr.Ivaskgivesaninsightintothedifferentimpactofsolublespecies
andnanoparticles,inthebioactivitymechanismsofmetal-containingantimicrobials.
Finally,Dr.Debiemme-Chouvy’schapterdescribesanelectrochemicalapproachto
nanostructuringsurfaceswhichshowsinterestingbioactivityproperties.
SectionIIIcomprisessixchaptersprovidingsomeofthemostexcitingapplica-
tionsofnano-antimicrobials.Thefirstchapter,bythegroupofProf.Sannino,deals
with the application of photo-reduction processes to the development of nano-
silver coatings for textile and bio-medical applications. Then, a contribution by
Prof. Duran deals with the industrial applications of bio-synthetized metal nano-
antimicrobials, providing details about their effects, mechanisms of action, and
toxicity. Prof. de Azeredo’s chapter gives an expert opinion on bioactivity and
applicationsofnano-antimicrobialsusedinthefood-packagingindustry.Achapter
by Prof. Allaker elucidates, with plenty of detail, the application of nano-antimi-
crobialstothecontroloforalinfections.Finally,antibacterialpaperisthesubjectof
Prof.Fan’schapter,whileacontributionfromthegroupofProf.Cuireviewstheuse
ofnano-antimicrobialsforwaterdisinfection.
Last, but not least, Section IV offers two chapters on the toxicology of nano-
antimicrobials. Prof. Dwahan’s chapter deals with the use of micro-organisms as
models for the assessment of toxicity, while a chapter by the group of Prof. Rai
specifically assesses the toxicity of one of the most diffused classes of nano-
antimicrobials,e.g.silvernanoparticles.
The book is of an interdisciplinary nature and will be very useful for students,
teachers and scientists working in nanotechnology, materials science, biology,
chemistry,physics,botany,zoology,chemicaltechnology,medicine,pharmacolo-
gy,mycology,microbiology,pathology,andbiotechnology.
Thecontributionsofeminentresearchersinthefieldofnano-antimicrobialshave
beenincludedinthepresentbook.Theeditorsgreatlyappreciatethecontributions
byleadingscholars,andtheirpatienceduringthepublicationofthebook.
Preface vii
The authors wish to express sincere thanks to Dr. Pauly, Steffen, Springer,
Germany for his continued interest, critical suggestions, and prompt response
during the editing process. M.K.R. and N.C. gratefully acknowledge the help and
supportrenderedbytheirstudents.
Bari,Italy NicolaCioffi
Amravati,India MahendraRai
.
Contents
SectionI SynthesisandCharacterizationofNovelNano-Antimicrobials
1 SilverNanoparticleAntimicrobialsandRelatedMaterials ........... 3
HuaZhang,MengWu,andAyusmanSen
2 Synthesis,CharacterizationandApplicationofSilver-Based
AntimicrobialNanocomposites ......................................... 47
DesongWang,JingAn,QingzhiLuo,XueyanLi,andLunaYan
3 SynthesisandAntimicrobialActivityofCopperNanomaterials ..... 85
DanielaLongano,NicolettaDitaranto,LuigiaSabbatini,LuisaTorsi,
andNicolaCioffi
4 TitaniumDioxide–PolymerNanocompositeswithAdvanced
Properties ................................................................ 119
AnnaKubacka,MarcosFerna´ndez-Garc´ıa,Mar´ıaL.Cerrada,
andMartaFerna´ndez-Garc´ıa
5 Synthesis,Characterization,andAntimicrobialActivity
ofZincOxideNanoparticles ........................................... 151
AdharC.Manna
6 CharacterisationofNano-antimicrobialMaterials .................. 181
TimothySullivan,JamesChapman,andFionaRegan
ix
x Contents
SectionII BioactivityandMechanismsofActionofNano-Antimicrobials
7 SilverNanoparticlesasNano-Antimicrobials:Bioactivity,Benefits
andBottlenecks ......................................................... 211
MahendraRai,AlkaYadav,andNicolaCioffi
8 AntimicrobialActivityofSilverandCopperNanoparticles:
VariationinSensitivityAcrossVariousStrainsofBacteria
andFungi ................................................................ 225
SuparnaMukherji,JayeshRuparelia,andShekharAgnihotri
9 Metal-ContainingNano-Antimicrobials:Differentiating
theImpactofSolubilizedMetalsandParticles ....................... 253
AngelaIvask,SajiGeorge,OlesjaBondarenko,andAnneKahru
10 ElectrosynthesisandCharacterisationofAntimicrobial
ModifiedProteinNanoaggregates ..................................... 291
CatherineDebiemme-Chouvy
SectionIII ApplicationsofNano-Antimicrobials
11 EngineeringNanostructuredSilverCoatingsforAntimicrobial
Applications ............................................................. 313
M.Pollini,F.Paladini,A.Licciulli,A.Maffezzoli,andA.Sannino
12 BiotechnologicalRoutestoMetallicNanoparticlesProduction:
MechanisticAspects,AntimicrobialActivity,Toxicity
andIndustrialApplications ............................................ 337
NelsonDura´nandPriscylaD.Marcato
13 AntimicrobialActivityofNanomaterialsforFoodPackaging
Applications ............................................................. 375
HenrietteMonteiroCordeirodeAzeredo
14 TheUseofAntimicrobialNanoparticlestoControlOral
Infections ................................................................ 395
R.P.Allaker
15 Nanomaterial-BasedAntibacterialPaper ............................. 427
WenbingHu,QingHuang,andChunhaiFan
16 AntimicrobialNanomaterialsforWaterDisinfection ............... 465
ChongLiu,XingXie,andYiCui