Table Of ContentRodriguésia61(4):575-583.2010
httpV/rodriguesia.jbij.gov.br
Myxobiota of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest:
species on oil palm tree (Elaeis guíneensis, Arecaceae)
MixobiotadaFlorestaAtlânticabrasileira:espéciesemdendezeiro
(Elaeisguineensis,Arecaceae) • -•*'•* „ r t v » ,-
Clebson Firminoda Silva1 & LaisedeHolanda Cavalcantiz
Abstract
ElaeisguineensisJacq.(Arecaceae),theoilpalmtree,servesasaphorophyteformanydifTerentgroupsoforganisms,
someofwhichhclpdecomposeorganicmattercomingfromtheorgansofthetreeitselforfromremainsofotherplants
retainedinleafsheaths.TostudythemyxobiotaofE.guineensis,weexamincdlivinganddeadtrunks,leaves,bracts
and inflorescences intheGurjaú Ecological Reserve, in thetownshipofCabode SantoAgostinho, Pernambuco,
Brazil.IncidenceandspeciesabundanccwcrcdeterminedinthreeAtlanticforestfragments.Thereportedspcciesare
listedherein,followedtheknowndistributionofeachspeciesinBrazil,andwhichofthemoccuronpalmtrecs.Allof
thesubclassesandfiveorderswcrerecordedand22specieswereaddedtothelistofmyxomycetesassociatcdwithoil
palmtreesinBrazil.Thehighestincidencevaluewasrecordedondeadleaves.CeratiomyxaJruticulosa(O.F.Miill.)
T.Macbr.,Arcyriacinerea (Buli.)Pers.andPhysarumcompressumAlb.&Schwein.werethemostcomrnonspecies,
whileHemitrichiaseijmla(Scop.)Rostaf.exListershowedthehighestleveisofabundanceandincidence,thus
confimtingitsprcfcrcnccforthesubstratesprovidedbypalmtrees.
Keywords: tropical forest,microhabitat,Myxomycetes,palmtree.
Resumo
ElaeisguineensisJacq.(Arecaceae),odendezeiro,servecomoforófitaparadiferentesgruposdeorganismosealguns
delesatuamnadecomposiçãodamatériaorgânicaprovenientedcórgãosdaprópriaárvoreouderestosdeoutras
plantas retidos pelas bainhas foliares. A mixobiota de E. guineensis foi estudadaexaminando-se troncos, folhas,
brácteaseinflorcsccnciasvivosemortosnaReservaEcológicadoGutjaú,municípiodeCabodeSantoAgostinho,
estadodePernambuco,Brasil.Foramdeterminadasaincidênciaeaabundânciadasespéciesemtrêsfragmentosde
FlorestaAtlântica.Asespéciesforamlistadas,indicando-seadistribuiçãoconhecidaparaoBrasilassimcomoseus
registrosparapalmeirasnopaís.Todasassubclassesecincoordensforamregistradase22espéciesforamadicionadas
àlistademixomicctosassociadosadendezeironoBrasil.Ovalordeincidênciamaiselevadofoiregistradoparafolhas
mortas.CeratiomyxaJruticulosa(O.F.Müll.)T.Macbr.,Arcyriacinerea (Buli.)Pers.ePhysarumcompressumAlb.
&Schwein.estavamfrequentementepresentes.Hemitrichiaserpula(Scop.)Rostaf.exLister mostrouosníveis
maiselevadosdcabundânciacincidência,confirmandosuapreferênciacmassociar-scapalmeiras.
Palavras-chave: florestatropical, microhabitat, Myxomycetes,palmeira.
Introduction to the traditional use of the oil obtained from its
The oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fruitpulpandalmondinindustryandcooking,the
arrived in Brazil, where it spread rapidly and is recentuseofitsoilasbiofuelmakesiteconomically
popularly known as dendezeiro, with the African very important. At present, it is also used as an
slaves during the colonial period. Although it is ornamental tree in strects, parks, and plazas in
exotic,ithasbeenintegratedintoboththelandscapc Pernambucoandotherstates(Lorenzietctl. 1996).
and theculture ofnortheastern Brazil. In addition This species can bc found in fragments of the
'ProgramadcPós-GraduaçãocmCiênciasBiológicas,CentrodcCiênciasBiológicas(CCB),UniversidadeFederaldcPernambuco,Av.Prof.MoraesRegos/n.Cidade
Universitária,50.670-90,Recife,PE,Brasil.
TrofcssorTitular.DepartamentodcBotânica,CCB,UFPE;PesquisadorCNPqIA.Apoiofinanceiro:CNPq.Autorparacorrespondência:laisc<?f'pq.cnpq.br
SciELO/JBRJ,
cm 13 14
H
576
Siha.C.F & Cava/cantí, L
Atlantic Forest in the Northeast Region and it is etal. (2009),Costaetal. (2009),andTenórioetal.
includedinthelistofmystical-religiousplantsused (2009), and the records ofassociations with other
in the Afro-Brazilian umbanda and candomblé speciesofpalm trees in thiscountry.
religiousrituais(Albuquerque 1997). Theincidencepercentageperindividualand
The oil palm tree serves as a phorophyte plant organ serving as a substrate was calculated;
(primary substrate) forseveral differentgroupsof abundance was evaluated for each species
lmiyvxionmgycoergtaensi,smhse,lpsdoemceomopfoswehiocrhg,aniincclmuadtitnegr awchciocrhdiinsgbtaostehedcorintertihaeorfeNloavtoizonhsihliopvbeettalw.e(e2n00t1h)e,
comingfromorgansofthetreeitselforfromremains numberofspecimensforagiventaxonandthetotal
of other plants that are retained by Ieaf sheaths numberofrecordsofmyxomycetesforthesubstrate
thatremainsattachedtothetrunkaftersenescence. analyzed.Accordingly,thespecieswereplacedinto
ExceptforthebriefreferencesbyFarr(1960), the following categories: R - rare (0.5-1%), O -
Pôrto et al. (1985), Ribeiro et al. (2002) and occasional (2-4%), C -common (5-7%), and A-
Cavalcantietal. (2006), thereare norecordofthe abundant(over7%).Thefollowingdatawerelisted
association ofmyxomycetes and-Zi. guineensis in afterthenameofeachspecies:abundance,number
thestudiesconductedinBrazil.Yet,approximately ofrecordsobtainedforeachorgan(Bct-bract;Trk-
one hundred species of myxomycetes have been trunk; Lf-leaf; Ifl - inílorescence), and whether
reported as associatedwithpalm trees in both dry theorganwasliving(Lv)ordead(Dd).
and humid forests (Alves & Cavalcanti 1996; TheacronymsoftheBrazilian StatesareAC
Cavalcanti&Putzke1998;Mobin&Cavalcanti 1998^ = Acre; AL = Alagoas; AM = Amazonas; AP =
1999a,b,2000,2001;Cavalcanti&Mobin2004). Amapá; BA = Bahia; CE = Ceará; DF = Distrito
To contribute to the knowledge on the Federal;MA=Maranhão;MG=MinasGerais;PA
microhabitats available to myxomycetes in the =Pará;PB=Paraíba;PE=Pernambuco;PI=Piauí;
Atlantic Forest and continue the ongoing survey PR=Paraná;RJ=RiodeJaneiro;RN=RioGrande
of specimens of this group associated with palm doNorte;RR=Roraima;RS=RioGrandedoSul;
treesinBrazil,astudyoftheincidenceofsporocarps SC=SantaCatarina;SP=SãoPaulo.
on the different organs of individuais of Elaeis
guineensisgrowinginfragmentsofAtlanticForest Results and Discussion
wascarriedout.
In the Brazilian literature consulted, 101
Material and Methods species of myxomycetes have been reported as
associatedwithpalmtrees.Ofthese,onlyPhxsarum
The incidence of myxomycetes on Elaeis compressum Alb. & Schwein., Fuligo cinerea
guineensis along with the distribution and (Schw.)Morgan,Physarellaoblonga(Berk. &M.
abundanceofsporocarpsontrunks,leaves,bracts, A. Curtis) Morgan and Hemitrichia pardina
inflorescences, and fruits (living or dead) were (Minakata) Ing were cited as occurring on E.
analyzedintheCafé(6.852ha),Cuxio(118.457ha), guineensis(Farr 1960;Cavalcantietal. 2006).
and São Braz (37.068 ha) forests, in the Gurjaú Fiveofthesixordersand50%ofthefamilies
EcologicalReserve(8°14’21,7'Sand35°03'00,4”W), recognizedforthisclassbyMartinetal. (1983)are
municipality ofCabo de Santo Agostinho, in the represented among the 63 specimens collected in
humid forestsubzoneofthe State ofPernambuco. the present study. These records increase the
The material collected (63 specimens) was numberofspeciesofmyxomycetesreportedonoil
curated and representative exsiccates were palm tree to 25, two of which, Ceratiomxxa
deposited at the UFP Herbarium. Species sphaerosperma Boedijn and Didymium anellus
Identificationusedthekeysanddescriptionsfound Morgan, had neverbeen recordedas occurringon
&
iLnaMdaort&inPanAdloex(o1p9o9u7l)o.sT(h19e69c)l,asFsairfric(a1t9i7o6n),uasnedd anyspeciesofpalmtreeinBrazil.
followsthatofMartinetal. (1983). List of taxa associated
Species were listed alphabetically by genus to Elaeis guineensis
under each subclass, together with their known Ceratiomyxomycetidae-Thissubclasscomprises
dMiasitmriobnuit-ioRnoidneBlrlaazi(l20a0c2c)o,rdPiuntgzktoeC(a2v0a0l2c)a,nBteiz(e2r0r0a2)e,t oannldygtehneuosridnecrlCuedriantgifoomuyrxsapleccsi,eswi(tLhaadosi2n0g0le1faTmiwloy
al.(2008a,b),Cavalcantietal. (2006,2008),Bezerra species were recorded in this study. ).
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Myxobiota ofAtlanticFlorestl species on Elaeisgulneensis 577
Ceratiomyxafruticulosa (O.F. Miill.) T. Macbr., species,whichiscommononoilpalmtrees,where
N.Amer.Slime-Moulds: 18(1899). , itdevelopsonseveraldifferentorgans(Tabs. 1-2).
(C)(4/LfDd, 1/IflDd) Records of associations with palm tree
CosmopolitanandwidelydistributedinBrazil, species in Brazil: A. vulgare, A. speciosa; Cocos
this species had already been recorded on palm nuciferaL.;MauritiaflexuosaL. f.
trees in the States of Ceará and Piauí (Alves & Distribution in Brazil: North (AC, AM, PA,
Cavalcanti 1996; Mobin & Cavalcanti 2000; RR),Northeast(AL,BA,CE,PB,PE,PI,RN,SE),
Cavalcanti & Mobin 2004). In this study, the Southeast(RJ,SP),South(PR,SC,RS).
specimens were found on dead leaves and
inflorescences (Tabs. 1-2); it was common on oil Cribrariamicrocarpa (Schrad.) Pers., Syn. Meth.
palmtreesintheSãoBrazandCaféForests. Fung.: 190(1801). (0)(l/TrkLv,2/LfDd)
Records of associations with palm tree A cosmopolitan species, C. microcarpa is
species in Brazil: Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.; found in all regions ofBrazil, but has only been
Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng.; Copernicia reportedtooccuronpalmtreesintheStateofPiauí
prunifera(Miller)H.E.Moore. (Mobin & Cavalcanti 1998; Cavalcanti & Mobin
Distribution in Brazil; North (AM, AP, PA, 2004). In this study it was occasionally found on
RR),Northeast(AL,BA,CE,PB,PE,PI,RN,SE), oil palm trees (Tab. 2) ofthe Café Forest, and the
Southeast(SP),South(RS,SC). specimens analyzed, obtained on dead leaves and
living trunks (Tab. 1), presented the typical
CeratiomyxasphaerospermaBoedijn,Misc.Zool. characteristics ofthis species.
Sumatr.24;1 (1927). (O)(2/IflDd) Records of associations with palm tree
Prcdominantly tropical and rarely cited in speciesinBrazil:A. vulgare,M.flexuosa.
Brazil,C.sphaerospermahasbeenreportedtooccur DistributioninBrazil:North(RR),Northeast(BA,
asalignicolousspeciesintheAtlanticandAmazonian CE,PB,PE,PI,RN,SE),Southeast(SP),South(PR).
forests(Farr 1985;Cavalcanti 2002;Cavalcantiet
al. 2008). Inthisstudy, itwasonlyrecordedinthe Didymiumanellus Morgan,J.CincinnatiSoc.Nat.
São Braz Forest, whcre it was occasionally found Hist. 16: 148(1894). (C)(l/BctDd,3/IflDd)
on dead inflorescences ofoil palm trees (Tabs. 1- Until 2005, this species had only been
&
2);bolhspecimenswereverytypical.Thisisancw recorded in theStateofSão Paulo(Hochgesand
recordonpalmtreesinBrazil. Gottsberger1996).Cavalcantietal. (2006)reported
DistributioninBrazil: North(AM, PA, RR), D. anellus for the first time in the Northeastem
Northeast(BA,PB,PE,SE). region.ThisislhefirstrecordofD.anellusonpalm
treesinBrazil.Thecharacteristicsofthesporocarps
Myxogastromycetidae - This subclass compriscs -long plasmodiocarps or globose, sessile
theordersEchinosteliales(notrecordedinthisstudy), sporangia- are typical of this species. All the
Liceales,Trichiales,and Physaralcs, withatotal of specimens were collected in the São Braz Forest,
10families,42genera,and671 species(Lado2001). whereitwascommononoilpalmtrees.
In this study, 19 species belonging to the families Distribution in Brazil: Southeast (SP),
Cribrariaceae (Cribraria), Trichiaccac (Arcyria, Northeast(PE).
Hemitríchia,Metatríchia,Perichaena),Didymiaceae
{Didymium)andPhysaraceae Physarella Physarwn Didymium clavus (Alb. & Schw.) Rabenh.,
( ,
wererecordedonoilpalmtrees. Dcutschl.Krypt.-Fl. 1:280(1844). (R)(l/IfiDd)
Recorded in a fcw States in northcrn and
Arcyriacinerea(Buli.)Pcrs.,Syn.Meth.Fung. 184 northeastem Brazil, D. clavuswas found solcly on
(1801). (C)(l/TrkDd,2/TrkLv, 1/IflDd, I/LfDd) palmtrcesinPiauí,insavanna(“cerrado")andalluvial
This isacosmopolitan speciesdistributedin forest environments (Mobin & Cavalcanti 1999a,
allregionsofBrazilthatwasfoundonpalmtreesin 2000; Cavalcanti & Mobin 2004). In this study, it
theStatesofPernambuco,CearáandPiauí(Pôrtoet wasrarconoilpalmtreesandwasrecordedonlyon
al. 1985; Alves & Cavalcanti 1996; Mobin & aninfiorescence(Tabs. 1-2)intheCuxioForest.
Cavalcanti 2001). This species presents great Records of associations with palm tree
morphological variations and, in the studicd speciesinBrazil:A. vulgare,C.prunifera.
material,thevariationinsporocarpsizeisstriking. Distribution inBrazil: North(RR),Northeast
However, these characleristics are typical of the (BA,PB,PE,PI,SE).
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Table 1 IncidenceofmyxomycetesonthedifTerentorgansofElaeisguineensisJacq.,basedondatacolletedinthe
GurjaúEcological Reserve, PernambucoState, Brazil.Note: Dd=dead, Lv=living.
Species Bract Leaf Inflorescence Trunk
Dd Lv Dd Lv Dd Lv Dd Lv Total
Ceratiomyxafruticulosa (O.F. Müll.)T.Macbr. 4
1 5
Ceratiomyxa sphaerospermaBoedijn 2 2
Arcyríacinerea(Buli.)Pers.
1 1 2 2 6
Cribrariamicrocarpa (Schrad.)Pers. 2 1 3
DidymiumanellusMorgan
1 3 4
Didymiumclavus(Alb.&Schw.)Rabenh.
Didymium sp. 1 1
3 3
Hemiirichiapardina (Minakata)Ing
1 1
Hemitrichiaserpula(Scop.)Rostaf.exLister 7 1 2 10
MeetxatGricWh.iaMavretsipnar&íaAl(Beaxtospc.h)Nann.-Bremek. 4 4
Perichaenachrysosperma(Curr.)Lister
Physarellaoblonga(Berk.&M.A.Curtis)Morgan 1 3 31
Physarumalbum(Buli.)Chevall.
1 1
PhysarumbogorienseRacib. 1 2 3
PhysarumcompressumAlb. &Schwein. 5 5
PhysarumcrateriformePetch.
Physarum gyrosum Rostaf. 1 1
1 1
Physarum stellatum (Massee) GW. Martin
1
Physarum viride(Buli.) Pers. 2 1
2
Physarum sp. 1 1
Physarum sp. 2 1
1
Stemonitisfusca Roth 1
2
2
StemonitissplendensRostaf.
Stemonilopsistyphina(F.H.Wigg.)Nann.-Bremek. 1 1
Total -> I 28 0 18 0 6 8I 613
Didymium
The tshpr.ee specimens encounte(r0e)d(3o/nmDtdh)e a(lTaobnsg.wi1t-2h).spSoproorcoarcpasrposfwaemreemvbeerryotfypPihcyals,arwailtehs
etihnnefcloComrupexasicsoesniFcnoegsre(sDTt.abcn.lieg1ar)rilopyfesab,eslDio.nngglbeathooiieltnphseael,cmoatmnrpdeleeDi.xn tcthhoeenisrdpepiseccduriiocpuetslidosanirszkefpovruaornjideecditniaotnnhsdeoiltnitwteahreastpulerore.nigdeirumt.hOannliyn
ibreicdiasu,seyetthetyhelyacckoeudldthneoctobleumiedlelnatitfyipeidcatlolyspfeocuineds specieRseicnoBrrdazsilo:fE.agsusionceieantsiiosn.s with palm tree
in such species.
DistributioninBrazil:Northeast(PE).
HMeymxiotmyrciectheisaBriptaairndainndaIrela(nMd:in1a3k2(a1t9a9)9). Ing, HMeomniotgrri.cMhyicaesteorzpouala17(9S(c1o8p9.4))Rostaf. ex Lister,
(R)(l/IflDd)
sw(RinCaehareetvehmrailselsyAcislattctnotoouthlcdibolyceeue,utcgrciathslneo.dottm2hhn0miie0nsol6Ce)nsBaa,rpfvaeaieézcnsisiFiletaonshrngaeeldinsestdNbs,erapaooroertnkncerlioooiymfpinleicflncolipalovwallrialeenscrgsmtecftegetordinreu,oceenneesid,ss!t orC(scaVeucvigcualihlraocrrnaCaióssonnoCstg1ifum9obo9Bn1a1pr9p,;ao9za8liEL,lilqamt,2uda0atHo0ntr(.0eoAe,r&as)sine2a(idr0Tln1p0e/BwuGyrT1liusa;radiszNkeniioDillèesvdryaao,fe,nzr2ddheai/1qisnTo9ulttrd9erohk8nivePL;tbruvleue,tcMytroaeo7cultdb/.nioLtti2irefRnn0idDi0eadcas&l1)os,l
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Myxobiota oíAtlantic Florest: specles on Elaeis guineensis 579
Table2-Abundanceof24speciesofmyxomycetesondifferentorgansofElaeisguineensisJacq.(GurjaúEcological
Reserve, Pernambuco State, Brazil)
Abundanceclass Species
Abundant (over7%) Hemitrichia serpula.
Common(5-7%) Arcyria cinerea\ Ceratiomyxafruticulosa', Didymium anellus
;
Metatrichia vesparia Physarum compressum.
;
Occasional(2-4%) Ceratiomyxa sphaerosperma\ Cribraria microcarpa Didymium sp.;
;
Physarellaoblonga Physarumbogoriense\Physarumviride\Stemonitisfusca.
;
Rare(0.5-1%) Didymium clavus\ Hemitrichiapardina\ Perichaena chrysosperma
;
Physarumalbunv, Physarumcrateriforme-,Physarumgyrosum\
Physarum stellatum; Physarum sp. 1; Physarum sp. 2; Stemonitissplendens\
Stemonitopsis typhina.
Cavalcanti & Mobin 2001, 2004). This species was In this study, a single specimen was encountered
abundantintheenvironmentsstudied, sporulatingon onanoilpalmtree,oneofthefewspeciesfoundon
differentlivingordeadorgans(Tabs. 1-2).Thisisthe livingbract(Tabs. 1-2).
firstrecordofthisspeciesonoilpalmtreesinBrazil. Records of associations with palm tree
Recordsofassociationswithpalmtreespecies speciesinBrazil:A. vulgare\M.flexuosa.
inBrazil:A. vulgare\A. speciosa\M.flexuosa. DistributioninBrazil:Northeast(BA,PB,PE),
DistributioninBrazil: North(AM,PA,RR), Southeast(RJ,SP),South(SC).
Northeast(BA,CE,PB,PE,PI,RN),Center-West
(DF),Southeast(RJ,SP),South(PR,SC,RS). Physarellaoblonga(Berk.&M.A.Curtis)Morgan,
J.CincinnatiSoc.Nat.Hist. 19:7(1896).
Metalrichia vesparia (Batsch) Nann.-Bremek. ex (0)(3/TrkDd)
G.W.Martin&Alexop.,Myxomycetes 143(1969). A cosmopolitan species, with several
(C)(4/LfDd) published records on palm trees in the States of
Thisspeciesiswidelydistributedthroughout Pernambuco, Paraíba and Piauí (Farr 1960;
the world. In Brazil, this is the First record on oil Cavalcanti&Silva1985;Mobin&Cavalcanti 1998,
palm trees, although it had already been 1999a). Ribeiro et al. (2002) citcd P. oblonga as
encountered on palm trees in São Paulo and Piauí occurringonE.guineensisintheGurjaúEcological
(Hochgcsand & Gottsberger 1996; Mobin & Reserve. Collected on dead trunks in the Café
Cavalcanti 1998,2000;Cavalcanti&Mobin2004). Forest, P. oblonga was occasionally found on oil
It was common on E. guineensis and was found palmtreesinthis study(Tabs. 1-2).
exclusivelyonthelcavesofindividuaisintheCuxio Records of associations with palm tree
andCaféForests(Tabs. 1-2). species in Brazil: A. speciosa\ C. nucifera; E.
Recordsofassociationswithpalmtreespecies guineensis M.flexuosa.
;
inBrazil:A. vulgare A. speciosa\M.flexuosa. DistributioninBrazil:North(AM,PA),Northeast
;
DistributioninBrazil:North(AM),Northeast (BA,PB,PE,PI,RN,SE),South(PR,SC,RS).
(BA, PE, RN,SE),Southeast(RJ,SP), South(PR,
SC,RS). Physaniinalbum(Buli.)Chcvall.,Fl.Gén.Env.Paris
1:336(1826). (R)(1/LfDd)
Perichaenachrysosperma(Curr.)Lister,Monogr. WidelydistributedinBrazil,thisspecieshas
Mycetozoa: 196(1834). (R)(l/BctLv) been reported to occuron palm trees ofthe genus
Occurring in almostall regionsofBrazil, P. Astrocaryum in the States ofSão Paulo and Piauí,
chrysosperma was found sporulating on different under lhe name P. nutans Pers. (Hochgcsand &
organsofpalmtreesintheStatesofSãoPauloand Gottsberger 1996; Mobin & Cavalcanti 1999a;
Piauí(Hochgesand&Gottsberger 1996; Mobin & Cavalcanti& Mobin2004). Rareonoilpalmtrees
Cavalcanti 1998,2000;Cavalcanti&Mobin2004). (on whichitisrecordcdforthefirsttime),asingle
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specimen was obtained on adead leafin theCafé PhysarumgyrosumRostaf.,SluzowceMonogr.: 11
Forest.Thesporocarpsofthisspecimenwerequite 0874). (R)(l/TrkLv)
typical(Tabs. 1-2). Reported only in Pernambuco, P. gyrosum
Records of associations with palm tree hadnotyetbeenobservedonpalmtreesinBrazil,
speciesinBrazil:A. vulgare;Astrocaryumsp. and it occurred rarely on oil palm trees in this
DistributioninBrazil:Northeast(BA,CE,PB,PE, study. The specimen was typical ofthis species,
PI,MA,RN,SE),Southeast(SP),South(PR,SC,RS). one of the few that sporulated on living trunks
(Tab. 1).
Physarum bogoriense Racib., Hedwigia 37: 52
DistributioninBrazil:Northeast(PE).
0898). (O)(1/BctDd,2/LfDd)
Predominantly tropical, P. bogoriense is Physarum stellatum (Massee) G.W. Martin,
widelydistributedthroughoutBrazil,withrecords Mycologia39(4):461 (1947). (R)(l/LfDd)
(oPnôpratolmettarle.es19in85t;heCaStvaatlecsaonftiPe&rnMaombbiunco20a0n4d).PiTahueí of theThciosunstpercyi,esw,awshiocbhseorcvceudrsoninpalallrmegtiroeness
plasmodiocarps-verytypical-wereonlycollected
in the States of São Paulo, Ceará, and Piauí
in the Café Forest, where this species occurred (Hochgesand & Gottsberger 1996; Alves &
oacncdasdieRoaendaclolleryadvosensoo(iflTapabassls.moc1t-ir2ae)et.si,osnpsorwuliatthinpgaolnmbrtarctese CCaavvaallccaannttii19&96M;oMboibnin2&00C4a)v.alFcraentqiue1n9t98i,n1o9t9h9ae;r
speciesinBrazil:A.speciosa. areas of the Atlantic forest, mainly as a
DistributioninBrazil:Northeast(BA,PB,PE, lignicolousspecies,itwasrareonoilpalmtrees,
PI,SE),Southeast(MG,SP),South(SC,RS). being collected only once in theCafé Forest, on
deadleaves(Tabs. 1-2).
Physarumcompressum Alb. & Schwein.,Consp. Records of associations with palm tree
Fung.CLuosmatm.o:9n7o(1n80p5a).lm trees, with(Cr)e(c5o/rIdfslDdin specieDsiisntrBirbazuitli:oAn.ivnulBgraarzeil;:M.NJolrextuhos(aA.M, AP),
differentStatesandregions,P. compressumisone Northeast (BA, CE, PE, PI, RN), Southeast (SP)’
South(PR).
ofthe fourspecies that had been previously cited
asoccurringonoil palmtreesin Brazil (Pôrtoet
al. 1985). It was found in the Café and São Braz Physarum vinde (Buli.) Pers., Ann. Bot. (Listeri)
Forests,predominatelyoninflorescences(Tab. 1), 15:6(1795). (O)(2/LfDd)
confirming its place in the floricolous group, as Physanimviridewasoccasionallyencountered
observed among the Zingiberales by Schnittler& on oil palm trees and this is the first record ofits
Stephenson (2002) in Ecuador, Costa Rica, and occurrence on this kind ofsubstrate. It is cited on
Puerto Rico. The form of the sporocarps varied otherpalmtreesintheStatesofAmazonas.Piauí,and
considerably, yet within what should be expected SãoPaulo(Farr 1985;Hochgesand &Gottsberger
forthis species. 1996; Mobin & Cavalcanti 1999a; Cavalcanti &
Records of associations with palm tree Mobin2004).
species in Brazil: C. nucifera; E. guineensis; The two specimens analyzed, collected on
Mauritia vinifera Mart. dead leaves in the Café Forest (Tab. 1), had the
DistributioninBrazil:Northeast(BA,CE,PE, characteristicsofvar.aurantium(Buli.)Listerasreferred
MA,SE),Southeast(SP),South(PR,SC,RS). tobyLado(2001)inthesynonymygivenforP.viride.
Records of associations with palm tree
Physarum crateriforme Petch., Ann. Roy. Bot. species in Brazil: A. vulgare Arecastrum
Gard.(Pcradeniya)4:304(1909). (R)(l/IflDd) romanzoffianum(Cham.)Becc. ;
Rare in Brazil and on the studicd substrate, DistributioninBrazil:North(AM),Northeast
this is its firstrecordonoil palm trees, although (PE,PI,RN,SE),Southeast(SP),South(PR,SC).
it had already been found on unidentified palm
strpeeecsiimnePneorbntaamibneudcowa(sPôcrotloleetctael.d 1in98t5h)e.STãhoeBornalyz PhysaCroullmecstp.ed1intheCaféForest.Spor(oRc)a(rlp/sLwfeDrde)
Forest, on a dead inflorescence, with very typical very similar to those ofP. stellatum, yet without
sporangia(Tabs. 1-2).
thecalciumimpregnatedperidiumthatcharacterizes
DistributioninBrazil:Northeast(PE,SE). this species.
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Myxobiota ofAtlantic Florest: species on Elaeis guineensis 581
Physarumsp.2 (R)(1/LfDd) Stemonitopsis typhina (F.H. Wigg.) Nann.-
Collected on dead leaves in the São Braz Bremek.,NederlandsMyxomyceten:209(1975).
Forest, this specimen was colonized by fungi. (R)(l/TrkLv)
Identification was limited to the genus levei, Widely distributed in Brazil, this
although it was clearly different from the other cosmopolitan species has been reported to occur
species ofPhysarum studied. on palmtrees in the State ofPiauíunderthe name
Comatricha typhoides (Buli.) Rostaf. (Mobin &
Stemonitomycetídae - This subclass comprises Cavalcanti 1998; Cavalcanti & Mobin 2004).
only one order (Stemonitales) and one family Although it is cited by Cavalcanti etal. (2006) in
(Stemonitaceae), with 16 genera and 202 species the Gurjaú Ecological Reserve as sporulating on
(Lado2001). Inthisstudy,thethreespeciesfound different substrates, S. typhina wasrare on the oil
on E. guineensis belong to generaStemonitis and palmtreesanalyzcdinthisstudy,andwascollected
Stemonitopsis. ononelivingtrunk(Tabs. 1-2).
Recordsofassociationswithpalmtreespecies
StemonitisfuscaRoth,Bot.Mag.(Rõmer&Listeri) inBrazil:A. vulgare-,A. speciosa-,M.flexuosa.
1(2):26)(1787). (0)(2/LfDd) Distribution in Brazil: North (AM, RR),
Cosmopolitan and widely distributed Northeast(CE,PB,PE,PI,SE),Southeast(SP),South
throughoutthedifferentregionsofBrazil,thisspecies (PR,RS).
wasfoundsolelyon palmtreesin Piauí(Mobin& Species incidence and abundance in the
Cavalcanti 1998, 1999b;Cavalcanti&Mobin2004). microhabitat:TheincidenceofmyxomycetesonE.
Cavalcanti et al. (2006) mentions S.fusca in the guineensiswasfoundtobehigh(40-80%).Onthe
GurjaúEcologicalReserve,ondifferentsubstrates. individuais studied, sporocarps were distributed
In this study, this species was occasionally overalmostall ofthe organs analyzed, except for
encountered on oil palm trees, and the fruiting fruits (Tab. 1). When comparing the myxobiota
bodiesofoneofthespecimenscollectedon leaves found on three savanna and alluvial forest palm
intheCaféForest,hadthecharacteristicsofS.fusca tree species in the Sete Cidades National Park,
var.nigrescens(Rex)Torrend,currentlylistedasa Cavalcanti&Mobin(2004)concludedthatleaves
synonymofS.fuscabyLado(2001). are the most common organ for myxomycete
Recordsofassociationswithpalmtreespecies occurrence on A. vulgare, C. prunifera, and M.
in Brazil:A. vulgare;C.prunifera;M.flexuosa. flexuosa. On oil palm trees, incidence was highcr
DistributioninBrazil: North(AM,PA, RR), onleaves,although itdidnotdiffermuchfromthat
Northeast(BA.PB,PE,PI,RN,SE),Southcast(SP), on infloresccnces.
South(PR,SC,RS). TheassociationofA. cinerea,H. serpula,P.
chrysosperma,andP.compressumwithpalmtrees
StemonitissplendensRostaf.,SluzowceMonogr.: does not seem to be occasional, as they are
195(1874). (R)(I/TrkLv) mentioned by almost all the aulhors who have
This cosmopolitan species is widely examined the relationship betwccn myxomycetes
distributed in Brazil, with records in adifferent and species in the family Arecaceae. In the Sete
number ofStates, and in the Gurjaú Ecological CidadesNationalPark,Mobin&Cavalcanti(1998,
Reserve (Cavalcanti etal. 2006). In this study, 2000) observed 70% incidence on C. prunifera
it was rare on oil palm trees, and was collected (savanna)and 100%onM.flexuosa(alluvialforest),
on living trunk in the Café Forest (Tabs. 1-2). although theyonlyobtaincd 34and98 specimens,
The characteristics of its fruiting bodies are respcctively(16-26species).Whencomparingthe
typical ofthis species, already reportedtogrow list of species associatcd to these palm trees, we
on palm trees in the State of Piauí (Mobin & observed that betwccn 50% and 60% of thosc
Cavalcanti 1998, 1999b; Cavalcanti & Mobin recorded on A. speciosa and M. flexuosa were
2004), but notyeton oil palm trees. presentontheoil palmtreesanalyzed.
Records of associations with palm tree Species richness can be considcrcd high for
speciesinBrazil:M.flexuosa. the oil palm trees analyzcd; however, the species
Distribution in Brazil: North (AM, PA), recordedaremostlyrareoroccasional(Tab.2).As
Northeast(AL,BA,CE,PE,PI,SE),Southcast(SP), shown by Pôrto etal. (1985), Alves & Cavalcanti
South(PR,SC,RS). (1996),Mobin&Cavalcanti(1998, 1999a,2000)and
Rodrlguésia6 (4):575-583.201
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H
.
582 Silva.C.F & Cavalcanti.L
Cavalcanti & Mobin (2004), H. serpula and A. Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil. In: Pôrto. K.C.;
cinerea are frequently associated with palm trees Tabarelli, M. & Almeida-Cortez, J.S.(coord.).
innortheastemBrazil.IntheEcologicalReserveof Diversidade biológica e conservação de floresta
theAtlanticForeststudiedinthepresentstudy,H. atlântica ao norte do Rio São Francisco. V.14.
serpula showed the highest leveis of abundance MinistériodoMeioAmbiente, Brasília. Pp.53-74.
and incidence on oil palm trees, confirming they Costa, A.A.A.; Ferreira, I.N.; Tenório, J.C.G. &
preferassociationwithpalmtrees. Cavalcanti, L.H. 2009. Mixobiota de Floresta
Atlântica:novasreferênciasdeTrichiales,Liceales
e Stemonitalcs paraoestado da Paraíba, Nordeste
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