Mycorrhizal Fungi: Use in Sustainable Agriculture and Land Restoration

404 Pages·2014·4.86 MB·English

by  Zakaria M. Solaiman

Soil Biology
Zakaria M. Solaiman
Lynette K. Abbott
Ajit Varma Editors
Mycorrhizal
Fungi: Use in
Sustainable
Agriculture and
Land Restoration
Soil Biology
Volume 41
Series Editor
AjitVarma,AmityInstituteofMicrobialTechnology,
Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, India
More information about this series at
http://www.springer.com/series/5138
Zakaria M. Solaiman (cid:129) Lynette K. Abbott (cid:129)
Ajit Varma
Editors
Mycorrhizal Fungi: Use in
Sustainable Agriculture and
Land Restoration
Editors
ZakariaM.Solaiman AjitVarma
LynetteK.Abbott AmityInstituteofMicrobialTechnology
SchoolofEarthandEnvironment,and AmityUniversityUttarPradesh
UWAInstituteofAgriculture Noida
TheUniversityofWesternAustralia India
Crawley,WesternAustralia
Australia
ISSN1613-3382 ISSN2196-4831(electronic)
ISBN978-3-662-45369-8 ISBN978-3-662-45370-4(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-662-45370-4
SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014958675
©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2014
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Preface
Arbuscularmycorrhizalfungiareubiquitoussoilorganismsthatformassociations
with roots of almost all plant species. They facilitate acquisition of nutrients by
plants, contribute to processes associated with soil aggregation, and play under-
stated roles in ecosystem function at various scales. They also participate in
rhizosphere processes that protect plants against disease and improve access to
water during periods of temporary or persistent water deficit. The effective man-
agement of mycorrhizal fungi is often an unrecognised component of sustainable
agricultural production that contributes to the profitability of farming systems.
During the restoration of disturbed lands, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi contribute
with ectomycorrhizal fungi to re-establishing effective nutrient cycling processes
and other essential soil biological functions in ecologically significant plant
communities.
At a fundamental level, recent advances in the taxonomy and techniques for
recognising and assessing the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi offer
opportunities for reinvigorating research on the management of mycorrhizas in
agriculturalandnaturalecosystems,includingevaluationoftheireconomicvalue.
These advances provide the incentive for promoting knowledge of plant–mycor-
rhizal interactions in debates about soil and land management, fertiliser decision-
making, implications for selection of crop rotations, choice of plant cultivars,
maintenanceofpasturesandgrasslandsfor animal production,andenvironmental
impactsofintensivehorticulturalproduction.Althoughitisdifficulttoquantifythe
economic benefits of mycorrhizas, ignoring their roles will lead to failure in
capturingtheir benefits. This willbeeven more important when the challenges of
sustainingagriculturalproductionusinglimitedresourceswithlowenvironmental
impactsarehighlightedinthecomingyears.
Appreciation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as dynamic communities in the
very contrasting environments of soil and roots is essential to managing their
contributionsthroughagronomicpracticesorinoculation.Competitiveinteractions
among these fungi during colonisation of roots will influence dominance and
function of both naturally occurring and introduced fungi as well as the survival
from season to season of those which are most effective. Thus, inclusion of
v
vi Preface
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in biofertiliser formulations needs to be based on
detailed knowledge of biotic and environmental interactions in space and time. A
critical evaluation of the selection, technical production, and the use of inoculant
arbuscularmycorrhizalfungi—inadditiontothemarketingofproductscontaining
these fungi—needs to be underpinned by sound comprehension of ecological
conceptsandprinciples.
Arbuscular mycorrhizas have the potential to mitigate nutrient loss by soil
erosion and leaching, as well as increasing nutrient use efficiency. Renewed
evaluations of dominant fertiliser inputs of both phosphorus and nitrogen require
considerationofmycorrhizalassociations,includingavoidanceof,orcompensation
for,negativeeffectsofcropmanagementontheseassociations.Thisextendstothe
role of arbuscular mycorrhizas in acquisition of zinc by plants. Furthermore, as
arbuscularmycorrhizascanenhanceplantsurvivalandgrowthinextremeenviron-
ments, research that highlights the potential for acclimation versus adaptation of
mycorrhizalfungiwillbetterinformmanagementdecisionsindisturbedsitesorin
sitessubjecttotemporarywaterdeficit,salinity,orheavymetaltoxicity.
Finally, an understanding of how roots are colonised by communities of these
common soil fungi is essential for capturing their benefits. Predictive models that
include spatial variability and soil mapping offer the potential for calibrating the
impacts of soil properties and land use practices in sustaining the colonising
potential of effective communities of mycorrhizal fungi. The role of mycorrhizas
insoilcarbonsequestrationisofincreasinginterest,asisthepotentialformoder-
atingtheirsoilandrhizosphereenvironmentbyapplicationofameliorantssuchas
biochar.However,forcommunitiesofarbuscularmycorrhizalfungi,theirubiquity
and potential are generally hidden from the majority of land managers and thus
overlooked. The intensification of agriculture for food production in the coming
decadeswillbenefitfromtheapplicationofknowledgeofmolecular,physiological,
and ecological function of arbuscular mycorrhizas via practical solutions to their
useinsustainableagricultureandlandrestoration.
Crawley,WA,Australia ZakariaM.Solaiman
Crawley,WA,Australia LynetteK.Abbott
Noida,UttarPradesh,India AjitVarma
Contents
1 UseofMycorrhizainSustainableAgricultureandLand
Restoration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
ZakariaM.SolaimanandBedeMickan
2 AssessingEconomicBenefitsofArbuscularMycorrhizalFungi
asaPotentialIndicatorofSoilHealth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
L.K.AbbottandS.Lumley
3 ContributionofDynamicsofRootColonisationbyArbuscular
MycorrhizalCommunitiestoEcosystemFunction. . . . . . . . . . . . 33
SutarmanGafur
4 BiofertilizerswithArbuscularMycorrhizalFungiin
Agriculture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
OlmarB.Weber
5 MycorrhizalInoculumProduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
ShivomSingh,KajalSrivastava,SuvigyaSharma,andA.K.Sharma
6 UseofArbuscularMycorrhizalFungalInoculaforHorticultural
CropProduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
KeitaroTawaraya
7 ManagementoftheArbuscularMycorrhizalSymbiosisin
SustainableCropProduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
C.Yang,W.Ellouze,A.Navarro-Borrell,A.EsmaeiliTaheri,R.Klabi,
M.Dai,Z.Kabir,andC.Hamel
8 ApplicationofArbuscularMycorrhizalFungiinProductionof
AnnualOilseedCrops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
MahaveerP.Sharma,SushilK.Sharma,R.D.Prasad,KamalK.Pal,
andRinkuDey
vii
viii Contents
9 ArbuscularMycorrhizalDiversityandFunctioninGrassland
Ecosystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
TomokoKojima,SashaJenkins,AnjaniWeerasekara,
andJing-WeiFan
10 ApplicationofAMFungitoImprovetheValueof
MedicinalPlants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
YingLongChen,JunXiLi,LanPingGuo,XinHuaHe,
andLuQiHuang
11 ArbuscularMycorrhizasandTheirRoleinPlantZinc
Nutrition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
TimothyR.Cavagnaro
12 FunctionofMycorrhizaeinExtremeEnvironments. . . . . . . . . . . . 201
CatherineA.ZabinskiandRebeccaA.Bunn
13 AlleviationofSoilStressesbyArbuscularMycorrhizalFungi. . . . 215
ObedF.Madiba
14 MechanismsforAlleviationofPlantWaterStressInvolving
ArbuscularMycorrhizas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
BedeMickan
15 RoleofMycorrhizalFungiintheAlleviationofHeavyMetal
ToxicityinPlants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
HamidAmir,PhilippeJourand,YvonCavaloc,andMarcDucousso
16 ArsenicUptakeandPhytoremediationPotentialbyArbuscular
MycorrhizalFungi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
XinhuaHeandErikLilleskov
17 ArbuscularMycorrhizalColonizationandAgriculturalLandUse
History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
IrnandaA.F.Djuuna
18 ContributionofArbuscularMycorrhizalFungitoSoilCarbon
Sequestration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
ZakariaM.Solaiman
19 BiocharasaHabitatforArbuscularMycorrhizalFungi. . . . . . . . 297
NorainiM.Jaafar
20 ApplicationofAMFungiinRemediationofSalineSoils. . . . . . . . 313
AnneNurbaity
21 UseofMycorrhizalFungiforForestPlantationsandMinesite
Rehabilitation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
YingLongChen,RunJinLiu,YinLiBi,andGuFeng
Contents ix
22 UseofArbuscularMycorrhizalFungiforReforestationofDegraded
TropicalForests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
KeitaroTawarayaandMamanTurjaman
23 RecentAdvancesinCultivationofEdibleMycorrhizal
Mushrooms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
YunWangandYingLongChen
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399