Mycorrhiza -- eco-physiology, secondary metabolites, nanomaterials

339 Pages·2017·7.07 MB·English

by  Prasad

Ajit Varma · Ram Prasad
Narendra Tuteja Editors
Mycorrhiza -
Eco-Physiology,
Secondary
Metabolites,
Nanomaterials
Fourth Edition
Mycorrhiza - Eco-Physiology, Secondary
Metabolites, Nanomaterials
Ajit Varma (cid:129) Ram Prasad (cid:129) Narendra Tuteja
Editors
Mycorrhiza -
Eco-Physiology, Secondary
Metabolites, Nanomaterials
Fourth Edition
Editors
AjitVarma RamPrasad
AmityInstituteofMicrobialTechnology AmityInstituteofMicrobialTechnology
AmityUniversityUttarPradesh AmityUniversityUttarPradesh
Noida,UttarPradesh Noida,UttarPradesh
India India
NarendraTuteja
AmityInstituteofMicrobialTechnology
AmityUniversityUttarPradesh
Noida,UttarPradesh
India
ISBN978-3-319-57848-4 ISBN978-3-319-57849-1 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-57849-1
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017944110
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Foreword
The pressure on plant production systems is steadily increasing. At first, areas
which could be used for the cultivation of plants are getting smaller because
moreandmorespaceisusedforotheranthropogenicactivities.Secondly,environ-
mentalconstraintslikesoilerosion,salinization,orfloodingleadtoperiodicalyield
lossesandfinallytothedecisiontogiveupaparticularregionforplantproduction.
Thirdly,theuseofpesticidesbecomesdifficult,becausetheapplicationofmoreand
morecompoundsisnotpermittedanymoreortheyhavelosttheireffectiveness.The
developmentofnewagentsistimeandcostintensive,anditisquestionableifthere
will be enough of such new agents to substitute the compounds which are
disappearing from the market. Under these circumstances, the application of
plant-interacting microorganisms in plant production systems becomes more and
more a realistic alternative and might be the only chance in the future to produce
enoughfoodforagrowingworldpopulation.Amongsuchmicroorganisms,mycor-
rhizalfungifillaparticularposition.Withtheirhyphaecolonizingatthesametime
the root and the surrounding soil, they connect the inside and the outside of the
plant. In this so-called mycorrhizosphere, they bring together all physical, chemi-
cal,andbiologicalfactorsoftheterrestrialenvironmentwiththephysiologyofthe
plant.
Thebook“Mycorrhiza:Eco-Physiology,SecondaryMetabolites,Nanomaterials”
gives an excellent overview of the current state of the art from basic to applied
mycorrhizal research. It covers different types of interactions including those
betweentheorchidmycorrhizalfungusPiriformosporaindicaandnon-orchidplants.
Severalchaptersdescribemorebasicaspectsbutneverthelessimportantforapplica-
tion. Carbon flux in mycorrhizal plants has more and more to be the basis for
predicting the outcome of mycorrhizal interactions. Functional diversity must be
managedforanadaptedapplicationinthefield.Also,plant–fungussignalingneedsa
betterunderstanding.Mostchapters,however,describewhereandhowmycorrhizal
fungicanbeusedinplantproductionunderdifficultconditionsandshowinthisway
howbroadthepossibilitiesforapplicationcanbe.Ithereforecongratulatetheeditors
thattheybroughttogethersomanydifferentfacetsofbasicandappliedmycorrhizal
v
vi Foreword
research. I alsocongratulateyou onholding this bookinyourhandand ask you to
readatleastsomeofthehighlyinterestingchapters.
Erfurt,Germany PhilippFranken
20March2017
Preface
GermanpathologistA.B.Frank(1885)coinedthetermMycorrhizawhichliterally
meansfungusroots.Thesefungiaidintheproductivityofplantsviatheformation
ofdynamicassociationswithplantroots.Mycorrhizaisconsideredafundamental
part of the root colonization and stabilization of plants on terrestrial habitats. The
symbioticassociationsformedareanimportantsubjecttoevaluatevariousoppor-
tunities using modern tools of biotechnology. The possibilities of genetically
manipulating these associations have led to the optimization of plant productivity
inecosystemswithminimalriskofenvironmentaldamage.
Thisvolumeofthemycorrhizabookgivesexemplaryinsightintotheadvance-
ments in mycorrhizal studies. This edition extensively illuminates the ecophysio-
logical aspects, secondary metabolite production, and interaction of mycorrhiza
withnanomaterials.Theabilityofmycorrhizatoprovideresistanceagainstvarious
abiotic and biotic stresses has been explored in various parts of this edition. In
addition to providing resistance, mycorrhizas are known to increase secondary
metabolite production of plants. Therefore, various studies have been conducted
to elucidate the mycorrhiza-induced increase of secondary metabolites in various
economicallyimportantandmedicinalplants.Interactionstudiesofnanomaterials
withmycorrhizahavealsobeenasubjectofrecentinterest.
It is hoped that this new edition will interest readers in the latest outcomes of
mycorrhizaresearchandalsoencourageyoungresearcherstoprovethechallenging
fieldofthesestudies.
This volume consists of 18 chapters covering the diverse mycorrhizal associa-
tionsby57eminentacademiciansandsubjectspecialists.
Wearegratefultothemanypeoplewhohelpedtobringthisvolumetolight.We
wishtothankHannaHensler-Fritton,IsabelUllmann,andMan-ThiTranSpringer
Heidelberg,forgenerousassistanceandpatienceinfinalizingthevolume.Finally,
special thanks go to our families, immediate, and extended, not forgetting those
who have passed away, for their support or their incentives in putting everything
together.EditorsinparticularareverythankfultoDr.AshokK.Chauhan,Founder
PresidentoftheRitnandBalvedEducationFoundation(anumbrellaorganizationof
vii
viii Preface
Amity Institutions), New Delhi, for the kind support and constant encouragement
received.Specialthanksareduetomyesteemedfacultycolleaguesanddearstudent
MsDikshaBholaandothertechnicalstaff.
AmityUniversityUttarPradesh AjitVarma
Noida,India RamPrasad
NarendraTuteja
Contents
1 CarbonFluxesinMycorrhizalPlants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
VeronikaRˇeza´cˇova´,TerezaKonvalinkova´,andJanJansa
2 BasicandAppliedResearchforDesertTruffleCultivation. . . . . . 23
Asuncio´nMorte,ManuelaPe´rez-Gilabert,AlmudenaGutie´rrez,
FranciscoArenas,Jose´ EduardoMarque´s-Ga´lvez,JuanJulia´nBordallo,
AntonioRodr´ıguez,LuisMiguelBerna´,CeciliaLozano-Carrillo,
andAlfonsoNavarro-Ro´denas
3 TheRoleofArbuscularMycorrhizalFungiandtheMycorrhizal-
LikeFungusPiriformosporaindicainBiocontrolofPlantParasitic
Nematodes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
RuchikaBajaj,RamPrasad,AjitVarma,andKathrynE.Bushley
4 MycorrhizalFungiUnderBioticandAbioticStress. . . . . . . . . . . . 57
ManojKumar,RamPrasad,VivekKumar,NarendraTuteja,
andAjitVarma
5 RoleofArbuscularMycorrhizalFungi(AMF)inSalinityTolerance
andGrowthResponseinPlantsUnderSaltStressConditions. . . . 71
MaheshBorde,MayuraDudhane,andMohanKulkarni
6 ArbuscularMycorrhizalTechnologyBasedonEcosystemServices
RenderedbyNativeFloraforImprovingPhosphorusNutrition
ofUplandRice:StatusandProspect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
DipankarMaiti,NehaNancyToppo,MukeshNitin,andBinitKumar
7 ArbuscularMycorrhizalFungiinRedeemingArsenicToxicity
inPlants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
SurbhiSharma,NeerajaSingh,andRupamKapoor
8 Co-cultivationofPiriformosporaindicawithAzotobactersp.. . . . . . 135
PrasunBandyopadhyayandAjitVarma
ix
x Contents
9 ArbuscularMycorrhizalSymbiosis:GeneticandFunctional
Diversity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
RekhaPandeyandNeeraGarg
10 MycorrhizalSymbiosis:WaysUnderlyingPlant–Fungus
Interactions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
ShailyJaveria,VivekKumar,PratibhaSharma,LakshmanPrasad,
ManojKumar,andAjitVarma
11 TheManagementoftheMycorrhizalSoilInfectivity:Ecological
andTechnicalApproaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
AdrienLies,YvesPrin,RobinDuponnois,andHichamFerhout
12 ReactiveOxygenSpecies(ROS)MetabolismandSignaling
inPlant-MycorrhizalAssociationUnderBioticandAbiotic
StressConditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
ManojNath,DeepeshBhatt,RamPrasad,andNarendraTuteja
13 StimulatedGrowthofLycopersicumesculentumCLA1131in
PresenceofPiriformosporaindicaandVermicompost. . . . . . . . . . . 233
ReshmaTuladhar,KennethShahi,SujenManShrestha,AnjanaSingh,
andAjitVarma
14 PromotionandValueAdditiontoSomeImportant
MedicinalPlantsUnderSalineConditionbyIntervention
ofaNovelMycorrhizalFormulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
PriyankaSharma,HemeshJoshi,AmitC.Kharkwal,NarendraTuteja,
andAjitVarma
15 CocultivationofPiriformosporaindicaandAzotobacter
chroococcumforProductionofArtemisinin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
PrasunBandyopadhyay,MonikaArora,M.Z.Abdin,andAjitVarma
16 MicrobialSymbiosisandBioactiveIngredientsofMedicinal
Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
DivyaKilam,PriyankaSharma,AbhaAgnihotri,AmitKharkwal,
andAjitVarma
17 CultivationofPiriformosporaindicawithNanomaterialin
Bioreactor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
UmaandAjitVarma
18 UnderstandingtheMycorrhiza-NanoparticlesInteraction. . . . . . . 311
AvinashIngle,DnyaneshwarRathod,AjitVarma,andMahendraRai
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325