Table Of ContentMultisensory Control
of Posture
Multisensory Control
ofPosture
Edited by
T. Mergner
University ofF reiburg
Freiburg, Germany
and
F. Hlavacka
Slovak Academy of Sciences
Bratislava, Slovakia
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Multisensory control of posture / edited by T. Mergner and F. Hlavacka.
p. cm.
Proceedings of an international symposium on sensory interaction in posture and movement
control, held September 9-11, 1994 in Smolenice, Slovakia, as a satellite symposium to the
European Neuroscience Association meeting of 1994-T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4613-5791-9 ISBN 978-1-4615-1931-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-1931-7
1. Posture-Congresses. 2. Vestibular apparatus-Congresses. 1. Mergner, Th. (Thomas) II.
Hlavacka, F. III. European Neuroscience Association.
[DNLM: 1. Posture-physiology-congresses. 2. Sensation-physiology-congresses. 3. Ves
tibule-physiology-congresses. 4. Movement-physiology-congresses. WE 103 M9615 1995]
QP31O.3.M85 1995
612'.04-dc20
DNLM/DLC 95-30547
for Library of Congress CIP
Proceedings of an international symposium on Sensory Interaction in Posture and Movement Control,
held September 9-11, 1994, in Smolenice, Slovakia, as a satellite symposium to the European
Neuroscience Association meeting of 1994
ISBN 0-306-45101-8
© 1995 Springer Science+l3usiness Media New York
OriginalIy published by Plenum Press. New York in 1995
Softcover reprint of the hardcover Ist edition 1995
1098765432 I
AII rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written
permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
From recent developments in the rapidly growing area of neuroscience it has become
increasingly clear that a simplistic description of brain function as a broad collection of
simple input-output relations is quite inadequate. Introspection already tells us that our motor
behavior is guided by a complex interplay between many inputs from the outside world and
from our internal "milieu," internal models of ourselves and the outside world, memory
content, directed attention, volition, and so forth. Also, our motor activity normally involves
more than a circumscribed group of muscles, even if we intend to move only one effector
organ. For example, a reaching movement or a reorientation of a sensory organ almost
invariably requires a pattern of preparatory or assisting activities in other parts of the body,
like the ones that maintain the body's equilibrium.
The present volume is a summary of the papers presented at the symposium "Sensory
Interaction in Posture and Movement Control" that was held at Smolenice Castle near
Bratislava, Slovakia, as a Satellite Symposium to the ENA Meeting 1994 in Vienna. The
focus of this meeting was not only restricted to the "classical" sensory interactions such as
between vestibular and visual signals, or between otolith and semicircular canal inputs.
Rather, the symposium tried to consider also the interplay between perception and action,
between reflexive and volitional motor acts as well as between sensory driven or self-initi
ated motor acts and reafferent inputs. Furthermore, it tried to consider the complexity of
three-dimensional space in which our activities take place, a fact that poses us with the
problem of coordinate transformations of sensory inputs that are picked up by one part of
the body (e.g., the head) and are used for the control of other parts (e.g., trunk posture).
The aim of the symposium was to bring together researchers working on different
topics, who share an interest in how the brain puts the different pieces of information together.
Each symposium member could benefit from the expertise of the other member, so as to be
alerted to new vistas and to the large variety of conceptual and methodological approaches
used in the different laboratories.
This proceedings volume has been organized according to the following topics: Basic
Aspects, Coordination and Motor Plan, Role of Visual, Vestibular and Somatosensory
Afferents for Posture and Movement Control, Orientation and Perception, Reafferents,
Modeling, Clinical Insights, Aviation and Space Flight. These topics do not form separate
chapters, since each of the articles may touch upon several of these topics. Also, from the
variety of the issues addressed we had to choose a simple title for the book, which, hopefully,
is not too misleading.
We wish to express our gratitude to ENA (European Neuroscience Association) for
giving us the opportunity to organize the symposium. Furthermore, we acknowledge the
financial support provided by the DARA (Deutsche Agentur fUr Raumfahrtangelegenheiten)
both for the symposium and the publishing of the proceedings. In addition, we thank the
v
vi Preface
Slovak Academy of Sciences and the DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft), which
supported the collaboration between our laboratories in Bratislava and Freiburg as well as
the symposium. Last but not least, we remember with pleasure and gratitude the excellent
organization of the symposium by the staff of the Institute of Normal and Pathological
Physiology in Bratislava.
Th. Mergner, Freiburg
F. Hlavacka. Bratislava
CONTENTS
1. Multisensory Control of Movements at Spinal Levels and Its Supraspinal
Modulation ................................................ .
E. D. Schomburg
2. Involvement of Deep Cerebellar Nuclei in Attentive and Orienting Motor
Responses .................................................. 9
1. M. Delgado-Garcia and A. Groart
3. Adaptability of Adult Mammalian Motoneurons to New Motor Tasks .......... 15
A. Groart, A. Gunkel, w.F. Neiss, E. Stennert, and 1.M. Delgado-Garcia
4. Type I Medial Vestibular Neurons during Alertness, following Adaptation, and
during REM Sleep Episodes in the Head-Fixed Guinea-Pig .......... 21
M. Serafin, M. Mhlethaler, and P. P. Vidal
5. Adaptive Changes in Gain of the Vestibulospinal Reflex during Sustained
Neck-Vestibular Stimulation ................................... 33
O. Pompeiano
6. Neural Integration of Visual Information and Direction of Gravity in Prestriate
Cortex of the Alert Monkey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 43
X. M. Sauvan and E. Peterhans
7. Primate Vestibular Cortices and Spatial Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 51
O. -J. Grosser and W. o. Guldin
vii
viii Contents
8. Proprioceptive and Cutaneous Feedback in the Modulation of Cortical Output
in Man ..................................................... 63
P. H. Ellaway
9. The Role of Proprioceptive and Vestibular Inputs in Triggering Human
Balance Corrections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 69
J. H. J. Allum and F. Honegger
10. Characteristics of Head and Neck Stabilization in Two Planes of Motion ........ 83
E. A. Keshner, G. Peng, T. Hain, and B. W. Peterson
11. Principal Component Analysis of Axial Synergies during Upper Trunk
Forward Bending in Human .................................... 95
A. Alexandrov, A. Frolov, and J. Massion
12. Do Equilibrium Constraints Determine the Center of Mass Position during
Movement? ................................................. 103
J. Massion, 1. Mouchnino, and S. Vernazza
13. Selection of Postural Adjustments in Sitting Infants: Effect of Maturation and
Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Mijna Hadders-Algra and Hans Forssberg
14. Development of Bilateral Limb Coordination in Humans .................... 117
w. Berger and V. Dietz
15. Volitional versus Reflex Control in Ocular Pursuit .......................... 121
G. R.Barnes
16. Classification of Visual Processes for the Control of Posture and Locomotion .... 131
George J. Andersen
17. Differential Influence ofa Visual Flow Pattern on EMG-Activity of
Antagonistic Leg Muscles during Unstable Stance .................. 139
V. Dietz, M. Schubert, and W. Berger
Contents ix
18. The Formation of the Visual and the Postural Vertical ....................... 147
H. Mittelstaedt
19. Visual-Vestibular Interaction for Human Ego-Motion Perception .......... " .. 157
Th. Mergner, G. Schweigart, O. Kolev, F. Hlavacka, and W. Becker
20. Modification of the Galvanic Sway Response by Visual Conditions ............ 169
B. L. Day and C. Bonato
21. Interaction of Optokinetic Reflex and Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex during Active
and Passive Head Rotation ..................................... 173
G. Schweigart, Th. Mergner, S. Morand, and 1. Evdokimidis
22. Inertial Representation of Visual and Vestibular Self-Motion Signals ........... 183
Bernhard 1. M. Hess and Dora E. Angelaki
23. The Visual Guidance of Ballistic Arm Movements .......................... 191
Jeroen B. 1. Smeets and Eli Brenner
24. Self-Controlled Reproduction of Passive Linear Displacement: Distance,
Duration, and Velocity ........................................ 199
P. Georges-Fran~ois, R. Grasso, A. Berthoz, and 1. Israel
25. Adjustment of the Internal Sensorimotor Model in the Course of Adaptation to
a Sustained Visuomotor Conflict ................................ 207
K. E. Popov, 1. P. Roll, B. N. Smetanin, and V Yu. Shlikov
26. Fingertip Touch as an Orientation Reference for Human Postural Control ....... 213
1. 1. Jeka and J. R. Lackner
27. Effects of Neck Muscle Vibration and Caloric Vestibular Stimulation on the
Perception of Subjective 'Straight Ahead' in Man .................. 223
M. Fetter and H. -0. Karnath
x Contents
28. Body Leaning Induced by Galvanic Vestibular and Vibratory Leg Muscle
Stimulation ................................................. 229
F. Hlavacka and M. Krizkova
29. Vestibular-Somatosensory Interactions for Human Posture ................... 237
F. B. Horak, F. Hlavacka, and C. L. Shupert
30. Eye-Head Coordination before and after Canal Plugging in Monkey ........... 243
C. Siebold, L. Ling, J. Phillips, S. Newlands, T. Mergner, and A. F. Fuchs
31. Subjectively Perceived Ego-Motion and Its Relation to Centrifuge Induced
Motion Sickness ............................................. 247
A. H. Wertheim and B. S. Mesland
32. Angular Velocity Estimation under Varying Linear Acceleration ............... 257
M. -L. Mittelstaedt
33. Evidence for Somatosensory Components in Movement-Evoked Brain
Potentials .................................................. 263
c.
K. Batzel, Ecker, and S. Schulze
34. Control of Human Head Posture ........................................ 269
Michael A. Gresty and Adolfo M. Bronstein
35. Simple Model of Sensory Interaction in Human Postural Control .............. 281
R. 1. Peterka
36. Efforts to Quantify Adaptation in Modeling of Postural Control ............... 289
M. Magnusson, R. Johansson and P.-A. Fransson
37. Central Vestibular Disorders of the Roll Plane ............................. 295
M. Dieterich and Th. Brandt
38. Posture Maintenance following Sensory Stimulation in Subjects with Normal
and Defective Vestibular Function ............................... 303
V. Grigorova, K. Stambolieva, and 1. Ivanov
Contents xi
39. Long-Term Adaptation of Dynamic Visual Acuity to Telescopic Spectacles by
Low Vision Patients .......................................... 311
Jefim Goldberg, Franklin 1. Porter, Janis M. White, Ann Koval, and
Kim A. Schmidt
40. Subjective Postural and Visual Vertical in Spasmodic Torticollis .............. 319
D. Anastasopoulos, A. R. Bisdorff, A. M. Bronstein, and M. A. Gresty
41. Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Patients with Impaired Visual Motion
Perception .................................................. 325
H. Kimmig, C. Pinnow, T. Mergner, and M. Greenlee
42. Inertial Coriolis Force Perturbations of Arm and Head Movements Reveal
Common, Non-vestibular Mechanisms ........................... 331
Paul DiZio and James R. Lackner
43. Influence of Short-and Long-Term Exposure to Real Microgravity on
Kinematics of Pointing Arm Movements ......................... 339
M. Berger, S. Mescheriakov, E. Molokanova, S. Lechner,
F. Gerstenbrand, 1. Kozlovskaya, B. Babaev, and A. Sokolov
44. Is Postural Stability Changed by Aviation Practice? ......................... 347
Milos Sazel
45. Effects of Orbital Space Flight on Vestibular Reflexes and Perception .......... 351
Laurence R. Young
Index ................................................................. 355
