Multiple sclerosis : tissue destruction and repair

443 Pages·2001·5.011 MB·English

by  Kenneth Johnson, Ludwig Kappos, Jurg Kesselring, EW Radü

Multiple Sclerosis: Tissue Destruction and Repair

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
TISSUE DESTRUCTION AND REPAIR
Edited by
LUDWIG KAPPOS MD
Professor of Neurology/Clinical
Neuroimmunology
Head of Outpatient Clinics Neurology and
Neurosurgery
University Hospitals
Kantonsspital
Basel
Switzerland
JÜRG KESSELRING MD
Professor of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation
University of Bern and Zürich
Head of Neurology
Klinik Valens
Switzerland
ERNST W RADÜ MD
Professor of Neuroradiology
Head of Neuroradiology
University Hospitals
Kantonsspital
Basel
Switzerland
KENNETH JOHNSON MD
Professor and Chair
Department of Neurology
School of Medicine
University of Maryland
Baltimore MD
USA
Published in association with the American and the European Committees for Treatment
and Reseach in Multiple Sclerosis (ACTRIMS and ECTRIMS)
MARTIN DUNITZ
Although every effort has been made to ensure that drug doses and other information are presented
accurately
in this publication, the ultimate responsibility rests with the prescribing physician. Neither the
publishers nor
the authors can be held responsible for errors or for any consequences arising from the use of
information
contained herein. For detailed prescribing information or instructions on the use of any product or
procedure
discussed herein, please consult the prescribing information or instructional material issued by the
manufacturer.
© 2001 Martin Dunitz Ltd, a member of the Taylor & Francis group
First published in the United Kingdom in 2001
by Martin Dunitz Ltd, The Livery House, 7–9 Pratt Street, London NW1 0AE
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http://www.dunitz.co.uk
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.

To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or
Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior
permission of the publisher or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act
1988 or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright
Licensing Agency,
90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP.
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 0-203-21297-5 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-29116-6 (Adobe e-Reader Format)
ISBN 1 85317 872 1 (Print Edition)
Distributed in the USA by
Fulfilment Center
Taylor & Francis
7625 Empire Drive
Florence, KY 41042, USA
Toll Free Tel.: [phone]
E-mail: cserve@routledge_ny.com
Distributed in Canada by
Taylor & Francis
74 Rolark Drive
Scarborough, Ontario M1R 4G2, Canada
Toll Free Tel.: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Distributed in the rest of the world by
ITPS Limited
Cheriton House
North Way, Andover,
Hampshire SP10 5BE, UK
Tel.: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Composition by Wearset, Boldon, Tyne and Wear
Contents

Contributors xii
Preface xxvi

I CNS-tissue-immune interactions

1. Neuronal control of the immune response in the CNS: implications on 3
neuronal cell death and survival
Harald Neumann
2. Oligodendrocyte susceptibility to immune-mediated injury 12

Jack Antel
3. Strategies for repair in MS: the potential role of glial-cell transplantation 28

Ian D Duncan
4. Growth factors, lesion repair and myelin regeneration 38

Henry deF Webster
5. Effects of BDNF and NGF on cytokine expression in immune cells 48
Antonios Bayas , Niels Kruse , Neville F Moriabadi , Klaus Viktor Toyka and
Peter Rieckmann

II In vivo assessment of tissue destruction and its consequences
Imaging

6. Magnetization transfer imaging in multiple sclerosis 55

Massimo Filippi , Joseph C McGowan and Carla Tortorella
7. Clinicopathological correlations for black holes: an MRI marker for axonal 79
loss?
Peter Freitag and Frederik Barkhof
8. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of multiple sclerosis: imaging axonal 90
damage

Douglas L Arnold , Sridar Narayanan , Nicola De Stefano , Hasini Reddy and
Paul M Matthews
9. Measurement of atrophy 107

Elizabeth Fisher and Richard A Rudick
10. Quantification of MS lesion evolution in a serial MRI study 116
Guido Gerig , Daniel Welti , Gábor Székely , Ernst W Radü and Ludwig
Kappos
11. Functional imaging 133
Isabelle Berry , Danielle Ibarrola , Jean-Philippe Ranjeva , Claude Mekiès ,
Kader Boulanouar , Claude Manelfe and Michel Clanet
12. A 1-year serial clinical and MRI study of primary progressive multiple 142
sclerosis
Valerie L Stevenson , David H Miller , Marco Rovaris , Frederik Barkhof ,
Bruno Brochet , Massimo Filippi , Xavier Montalban Gairin , Chris H
Polman , Alex Rovira , Joa de Sa and Alan J Thompson

II In vivo assessment of tissue destruction and its consequences Body fluid markers
and neurophysiology

13. Immunological parameters in blood as surrogate markers in multiple sclerosis 152
Bernd C Kieseier , Juan J Archelos , Gavin Giovannoni and Hans-Peter
Hartung
14. Cerebrospinal fluid markers of tissue destruction and repair in multiple 172
sclerosis
Gavin Giovannoni , Alison JE Green and Edward J Thompson
15. Myelin products: myelin basic protein like material in cerebrospinal fluid and 184
urine in multiple sclerosis

John N Whitaker , Lori U Coward , Marion C Kirk , Patricia Jackson and
Ligong Cao
16. In vivo assessment of tissue destruction and repair: the role of 194
neurophysiology
Peter Fuhr

III MS fatigue

17. Pathophysiology of fatigue in multiple sclerosis 203

Ulrich Roelcke
18. Assessment and treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis 210

Lauren B Krupp

IV New immunologic concepts and their therapeutic consequences

19. T-cell autoreactivity against self glycosphingolipids in multiple sclerosis 222
Gennaro De Libero , Abdijapar Shamshiev , Alena Donda , Vania Manolova ,
Hans Jürgen Gober , Alessandra Sacchi , Lucia Mori and Ludwig Kappos
20. Degeneracy in T-cell antigen recognition 234

Bernhard Hemmer and Norbert Sommer
21. T-cell apoptosis in the nervous system and therapeutic implications 252

Ralf Gold , Klaus Viktor Toyka and Hans Lassmann
22. IL-12: immunological staging of multiple sclerosis and measure of response to 259
therapy
Karim Makhlouf , Samia J Khoury and Howard L Weiner
23. Interferon-β-1b inhibits interleukin-12 production in peripheral blood 267
mononuclear cells through an interleukin-10 dependent mechanism
Suhayl Dhib-Jalbut and Xin Wang
24. T-cell vaccination and antigen-driven immunotherapy for multiple sclerosis 277

Ariel Miller and Jingwu Zhang
25. Specific immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis by altered peptide ligands 291

Roland Martin

V Treatment of relapses

26. Treatment of relapses: update on steroids, mode of action, optimal route and 305
dosage
Xavier Montalban Gairin and Carlos Nos
27. Plasma exchange for severe attacks of demyelinating disease of the central 316
nervous system
Brian G Weinshenker

VI Modern concepts of therapeutic immunosuppression

28. Intensive immunosuppression in multiple sclerosis: efficacy versus toxicity 328

Richard E Gonsette
29. The role of intensive immunosuppression in multiple sclerosis: prospects of 339
combinations

Gilles Edan and the Mitoxantrone-Interferon-β-1b European Multicenter Trial
Group
30. High-dose immunosuppression and peripheral stem cell transplantation in 346
multiple sclerosis: preclinical experience and problems
Dimitrios M Karussis
31. Autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis: preliminary clinical 358
results and future activities
Giancarlo Comi , Gianvito Martino and the BMT-MS Study Group

VII Update on therapeutic trials

32. Improvement of magnetization transfer ratio in new gadolinium-enhanced 370
lesions detected before and during therapy with interferon-β-1a

Mariko Kita , Donald E Goodkin , Peter Bacchetti , Emmanuelle Waubant ,
Sarah J Nelson and Sharmila Majumdar
33. Longitudinal prospective evaluation of treatment effects, MRI and neutralizing 377
antibodies in multiple sclerosis patients treated long-term with interferon-β-1b