Multifunctional Wetlands: Pollution Abatement and Other Ecological Services from Natural and Constructed Wetlands

319 Pages·2018·4.65 MB·English

by  Nidhi Nagabhatla

Environmental Contamination Remediation and Management
Nidhi Nagabhatla
Christopher D. Metcalfe
Editors
Multifunctional
Wetlands
Pollution Abatement and
Other Ecological Services from Natural
and Constructed Wetlands
Environmental Contamination Remediation
and Management
Series Editor
Erin Bennett
SALEM, Massachusetts, USA
Iraklis Panagiotakis
Athens, Greece
There are many global environmental issues that are directly related to varying
levels of contamination from both inorganic (e.g. metals, nutrients) and organic
(e.g. solvents, pesticides, flame retardants) contaminants. These affect the quality of
drinking water, food, soil, aquatic ecosystems, urban systems, agricultural systems
and natural habitats. This has led to the development of assessment methods and
remediation strategies to identify, reduce, remove or contain contaminant loadings
from these systems using various natural, engineered or synthetic technologies. In
most cases, these strategies utilize interdisciplinary approaches that rely on
chemistry, ecology, toxicology, hydrology, modeling and engineering.
This book series provides an outlet to summarize environmental contamination
and remediation related topics that provide a path forward in understanding the
current state and the mitigation of environmental contamination both regionally and
globally. Topic areas may include, but are not limited to, Water Re-use, Waste
Management, Food Safety, Environmental Restoration, Remediation of
Contaminated Sites, Analytical Methodology, and Climate Change.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15836
Nidhi Nagabhatla • Christopher D. Metcalfe
Editors
Multifunctional Wetlands
Pollution Abatement and Other Ecological
Services from Natural and Constructed
Wetlands
Editors
Nidhi Nagabhatla Christopher D. Metcalfe
United Nations University - Institute for The School of the Environment
Water, Environment and Health Trent University
Hamilton, ON, Canada Peterborough, ON, Canada
School of Geography and Earth Science United Nations University - Institute for
McMaster University Water, Environment and Health
Hamilton, ON, Canada Hamlton, ON, Canada
ISSN 2522-5847 ISSN 2522-5855 (electronic)
Environmental Contamination Remediation and Management
ISBN 978-3-319-67415-5 ISBN 978-3-319-67416-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-67416-2
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017956211
© Springer International Publishing AG 2018
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does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
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Foreword
The book that you hold is an attempt to unpack a big “known unknown,” that is, the
role that wetlands, both natural and constructed, play in water management, with
the main focus on pollution abatement. It is focused and comprehensive at the same
time. Characteristic features of the book include, but are not limited to:
• The wide thematic and geographic spread of the contributions in relation to natural
and constructed wetlands that provides the readership with extensive empiri-
cal evidence and practical interventions on how to suitably utilize the various
ecological services of wetland ecosystems.
• New data, information and knowledge that illustrate the multi-functionality of
wetland ecosystems with regard to various aspects of water quality management
and beyond; for example, in storm water management, habitat restoration, recre-
ation and disaster risk reduction.
• Aligning the ecosystem services of wetland ecosystems with international
processes and governance frameworks related to aquatic ecosystems, such as
the Ramsar Convention, water security, ecosystems-based management, smart
cities and the urban agenda, and the Sustainable Development Goals of
Agenda 2030.
This book is a collection of specific case studies, and as such, it adds multiple
new dimensions to a broader concept of Nature-based Solutions (NbS), which is
high on the sustainable water development agenda at present. Suffice to mention
that the World Water Development Report produced annually by UN-Water focuses
in 2018 entirely on NbS, and hence the publication of this book is very timely.
And finally, the book is, essentially, a call for the generation of more specific
knowledge and better sharing of information on the ecosystem services of wetlands
that can, in turn, assist significantly in developing resilient wetlands and contribute
to effective and sustainable management of water resources, both globally and
locally.
The United Nations University, Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-
INWEH) is pleased to support the development of this publication. We believe
v
vi Foreword
that the information contained in this book will be a valuable resource for water
management practitioners, researchers and decision makers who are looking for
innovative and effective ways to manage our water resources.
Vladimir Smakhtin, PhD
Director: United Nations University
Institute for Water Environment and Health
Hamilton, ON, Canada
Acknowledgements
The Editors wish to thank all of our colleagues who took the time to review the
chapters in the book, including (in alphabetical order) Dr. Bruce Anderson of
Queen’s University (Canada), Dr. Mark Hanson of the University of Manitoba
(Canada), Dr. Nava Jimenez Luzma of the International Institute for Applied
Systems Analysis (Austria), Dr. Victor Matamoros of the Spanish National Research
Council (Spain), Dr. Hisae Nagashima of the University of Tohoku (Japan), Dr. Eric
Odada of the University of Nairobi (Kenya), Dr. Nelson O’Driscoll of Acadia
University (Canada), Dr. Marco Antonio Leon Romero of Tohoku University
(Japan) and Dr. Kela Weber of the Royal Military College (Canada). We also thank
the United Nations University, Institute for Water, Environment and Health
(UNU- INWEH) in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, for its institutional contribution to
this project, and in particular, we thank the Director of UNU-INWEH, Dr. Vladimir
Smakhtin, for contributing the Foreword and Ms. Kelsey Anderson for preparing
several figures in the book. Finally, we wish to thank all of our colleagues who
contributed the various chapters in the book in a timely and efficient manner.
vii
Contents
1 Multifunctional Wetlands: Pollution Abatement by Natural
and Constructed Wetlands .................................................................... 1
Chris D. Metcalfe, Nidhi Nagabhatla, and Shona K. Fitzgerald
2 Using Natural Wetlands for Municipal Effluent Assimilation:
A Half-Century of Experience for the Mississippi River Delta
and Surrounding Environs .................................................................... 15
Rachael G. Hunter, John W. Day, Robert R. Lane, Gary P. Shaffer,
Jason N. Day, William H. Conner, John M. Rybczyk,
Joseph A. Mistich, and Jae-Young Ko
3 Recommendations for the Use of Tundra Wetlands for Treatment
of Municipal Wastewater in Canada’s Far North ............................... 83
Gordon Balch, Jennifer Hayward, Rob Jamieson,
Brent Wootton, and Colin N. Yates
4 The Long-Term Use of Treatment Wetlands for Total
Phosphorus Removal: Can Performance Be Rejuvenated
with Adaptive Management? ................................................................ 121
John R. White, Mark Sees, and Mike Jerauld
5 An Investment Strategy for Reducing Disaster Risks
and Coastal Pollution Using Nature Based Solutions ......................... 141
Ravishankar Thupalli and Tariq A. Deen
6 The Role of Constructed Wetlands in Creating
Water Sensitive Cities ............................................................................ 171
Shona K. Fitzgerald
7 Methylmercury in Managed Wetlands ................................................. 207
Rachel J. Strickman and Carl P.J. Mitchell
ix
x Contents
8 Ornamental Flowers and Fish in Indigenous Communities
in Mexico: An Incentive Model for Pollution Abatement
Using Constructed Wetlands ................................................................. 241
Marco A. Belmont, Eliseo Cantellano, and Noe Ramirez-Mendoza
9 Phytoremediation Eco-models Using Indigenous
Macrophytes and Phytomaterials ......................................................... 253
Kenneth Yongabi, Nidhi Nagabhatla, and Paula Cecilia Soto Rios
10 Accumulation of Metals by Mangrove Species and Potential
for Bioremediation ................................................................................. 275
Kakoli Banerjee, Shankhadeep Chakraborty, Rakesh Paul,
and Abhijit Mitra
Index ................................................................................................................ 301