Table Of Content‘The multifunctional land use cases presented in this book reaffirm the
urgent need to invest in diverse farming systems as we work to develop sus-
tainable, productive, climate smart agricultural systems. More importantly,
the research highlights the importance of considering the varying circum-
stances of vulnerable communities when devising interventions and
actions.’
Sithembile Ndema Mwamakamba, Food, Agriculture and Natural
Resources Policy Analysis Network (FANRPAN)
‘This case- study approach to shifting patterns of cultivation and multifunc-
tional land use lends new insights into food security. From peri- urban agro-
forestry to watershed approaches to soil conservation, the book
demonstrates the potential of both land-o wner initiated and state sponsored
schemes to simultaneously improve ecosystem services and food provision.’
Professor Andrea Nightingale, University of Oslo, Norway
‘In this book a team of young African research colleagues move scientific
findings towards policy and practice. They display new ways how to view
food security, especially in relation to land use and multifunctional land-
scapes. AgriFoSe2030 is proud to support this innovative thinking about
how to improve Food Security in Africa.’
Professor Ulf Magnusson, Director, AgriFoSe2030
‘Tackling multifunctionality in land use, at smallholders’ farming context
of Africa, is just like hauling back important forgotten policies on sustain-
able food and nutrition for the poor. Nothing is more important in trans-
formative science than evidence. The set of studies in this book shows facts
of dealing with complex landscape aspirations that take us beyond the mere
discursive intentions. If you are looking for information about how produc-
tion at the local scale is influenced by various geographies, social behaviour,
marketed drives, and cultural beliefs, get this book as guidance in content
and methods to address what most national policies do not often mention
in their sectoral approaches.’
Cheikh Mbow, Executive Director of START International
Multifunctional Land Uses in Africa
This book presents contemporary case studies of land use, management practices,
and innovation in Africa with a view to exploring how multifunctional land uses
can alleviate food insecurity and poverty.
Food security and livelihoods in Africa face multiple challenges in the form of
feeding a growing population on declining land areas under the impacts of climate
change. The overall question is what kind of farming systems can provide resilient
livelihoods? This volume presents a selection of existing farming systems that
demonstrate how more efficient use of land and natural resources, labour and other
inputs can have positive effects on household food security and livelihoods. It
examines how aquaculture, integrated water management, peri- urban farming
systems, climate-s mart agriculture practices and parkland agroforestry contribute
multiple benefits. Drawing on case studies from Kenya, Ethiopia, Nigeria and
Burkina Faso, contributed by young African scientists, this book provides a unique
perspective on multifunctional land use in Africa and illustrates how non-
conventional uses can be profitable while promoting social and environmental
sustainability. Tapping into the global discussion on land scarcity and linking food
security to existing land use change processes, this volume will stimulate readers
looking for diversified land uses that are compatible with both household and
national food security ambitions.
This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of African develop-
ment, agriculture, food security, land use and environmental management, as well
as sustainable development more generally, in addition to policymakers and practi-
tioners working in these areas.
Elisabeth Simelton is a climate change scientist at World Agroforestry (ICRAF ),
Vietnam and project leader of the CGIAR research programme Climate Change,
Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Her research interests include environmental
sustainability issues related to farms, food and the future. Her current work covers
landscape adaptation strategies, agroclimate information services and climate policy.
Madelene Ostwald is Senior Researcher in the Gothenburg Centre for Sustainable
Development (GMV), Sweden and leader of the Multifunctional landscape theme
within the AgriFoSe2030 programme for agriculture for food security. With a focus
on land use, forestry and overall multifunctional land use, her research deals with
land- based issues related to climate policy, food security, energy, development, and
monitoring issues.
Earthscan Food and Agriculture Series
Farming Systems and Food Security in Africa
Priorities for Science and Policy Under Global Change
Edited by John Dixon, Dennis P. Garrity, Jean- Marc Boffa,
Timothy Olalekan Williams and Tilahun Amede with Christopher Auricht,
Rosemary Lott and George Mburathi
Consumers, Meat and Animal Products
Policies, Regulations and Marketing
Terence J. Centner
Gender, Agriculture and Agrarian Transformations
Changing Relations in Africa, Latin America and Asia
Edited by Carolyn E. Sachs
A Global Corporate Trust for Agroecological Integrity
New Agriculture in a World of Legitimate Eco- states
John W. Head
Geographical Indication and Global Agri-F ood
Development and Democratization
Edited by Alessandro Bonanno, Kae Sekine and Hart N. Feuer
Multifunctional Land Uses in Africa
Sustainable Food Security Solutions
Edited by Elisabeth Simelton and Madelene Ostwald
Food Security Policy, Evaluation and Impact Assessment
Edited by Sheryl L. Hendriks
For further details please visit the series page on the Routledge website:
www.routledge.com/books/series/ECEFA/
Multifunctional Land Uses
in Africa
Sustainable Food Security Solutions
Edited by Elisabeth Simelton and
Madelene Ostwald
First published 2020
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2020 selection and editorial matter, Elisabeth Simelton and
Madelene Ostwald; individual chapters, the contributors
The right of Elisabeth Simelton and Madelene Ostwald to be
identified as the authors of the editorial matter, and of the authors
for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with
sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorandfrancis.
com, has be made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-
Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks
or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing- in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging- in-Publication Data
A catalog record has been requested for this book
ISBN: 978-0-367-24644-0 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-429-28366-6 (ebk)
Typeset in Sabon
by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear
Contents
List of illustrations ix
Author biographies xii
Preface: background to AgriFoSe2030 and the book project xiv
Acknowledgements xv
1 Multifunctional land-u se systems – a solution for food
security in Africa? 1
ELISABETH SIMELTON, MADELENE OSTWALD AND
MOSES OSIRU
2 Nigerian climate- smart agriculture practices with scaling
potential 22
SIMON A SHOMKEGH
3 Treating shea trees as crops improves women’s livelihoods
in Burkina Faso 47
JOSIAS SANOU WITH HUGUES R BAzIé AND
JULES BAYALA
4 Economic benefits from cassava in peri- urban
multiple- cropping systems in Nigeria 61
ANTHONY OJONIMI ONOJA
5 Integrated aquaculture: balancing food production systems
and livelihoods in Kenya 78
GERALDINE K MATOLLA
6 What integrated watershed management can deliver for the
environment and livelihoods: the Ethiopian experience 96
KASSA TEKA BELAY
viii Contents
7 Smallholder maize- based systems: a piece of the puzzle for
sustaining food security in Nigeria 115
JULIUS B ADEWOPO
8 Multifunctional land-u se practices in Africa: what else do
we need to do? 134
ELISABETH SIMELTON, MADELENE OSTWALD AND
MOSES OSIRU
Index 155
Illustrations
Figures
1.1 Multifunctional parkland with crop production
supported by characteristic trees 4
1.2 Peri- urban multifunctional land use taking advantage of
the height, with green mulch 5
1.3 The conceptual idea behind the Land Equivalent Ratio 13
1.4 Yield of maize, millet, rice and sorghum in Africa and
Asia from 1961 to 2017 14
1.5 Geographical location of the six cases. Impacts are listed
by category: (1) food security, (2) ecology and
(3) socio- economics 17
2.1 Onset and cessation of rainy season in Benue State 24
2.2 Ironwood trees in a maize field in Makurdi, Benue State 28
2.3 A citrus orchard intercropped with cassava in the Benue
region 30
2.4 Profitability ratio, gross income to cost, from citrus
orchards per farm size (n = 92) 31
2.5 Farmers’ reasons for adopting zero tillage in the Benue
region, per cent of respondents (n = 100, multiple
responses were possible) 33
2.6 Profitability ratio, gross income to costs, for zero tillage
by farm size (n = 88) 34
3.1 Shea parkland with millet and maize in Nobéré, Burkina
Faso, West Africa 49
3.2 Shea butter processed and traded by a woman in
Nobéré, Burkina Faso 51
3.3 Shea nut productivity and harvested area in Burkina
Faso from 1980 to 2017 52
3.4 Pruned and unpruned shea trees on a parkland in
Nobéré, Burkina Faso, West Africa 54
