Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Peace and Conflict Research - CSIC

280 Pages·2007·1.44 MB·English

Cub Multidisciplinary Persp 18/1/07 12:06 Página 1
Francisco Ferrándiz, Antonius C. G. M. Robben (eds.)
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Multidisciplinary
Perspectives on Peace
and Confl ict Research
A View from Europe
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Multidisciplinary
Perspectives on Peace
and Confl ict Research
A View from Europe
Editors
Francisco Ferrándiz
Antonius C.G.M. Robben
2007
University of Deusto
Bilbao
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Contents
Introduction: Peace and Confl ict Research in Europe
Antonius C.G.M. Robben (Utrecht University) and Francisco Ferrándiz
(University of Deusto) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Human Rights and Human Security: Challenges and Prospects
Wolfgang Benedek (University of Graz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
An Anthropological View of Violences
Francisco Ferrándiz (University of Deusto) and Carles Feixa (University
of Lleida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Critical Edge and Legitimisation in Peace Studies
José Manuel Pureza (University of Coimbra) and Teresa Cravo (Univer-
sity of Coimbra) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
On the Relationship between Human Rights Law Protection and Interna-
tional Humanitarian Law
Hans-Joachim Heintze (Ruhr-University, Bochum) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Constitutive Violence and Rhetorics of Identity: A Comparative Study of
Nationalist Movements in the Israeli-Occupied Territories and the For-
mer Yugoslavia
Glenn Bowman (University of Kent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Researching Violence Prevention and Peace Building
Luc Reychler (University of Leuven) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Reconciliation as a Political Concept: Some Observations and Remarks
Kjell-Åke Nordquist (Uppsala University) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
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8 CONTENTS
Lessons from Kosovo: Cluster Bombs and Their Impact upon Post-Confl ict
Reconstruction and Rehabilitation
Robert C. Hudson (University of Derby) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Mourning and Mistrust in Civil-Military Relations in Post-Dirty War Argen-
tina
Antonius C.G.M. Robben (Utrecht University) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Epilogue: Peace and Confl ict at a Junction
Jolle Demmers (Utrecht University) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
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Introduction: Peace and Conflict Research in Europe
Antonius C.G.M. Robben
Utrecht University
Francisco Ferrándiz Martín
University of Deusto
Peace and Confl ict Studies has its origins in the moral refl ection of
leading polticians, such as Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau, and
David Lloyd George, on the massive human and social costs of World
War I. An estimated eight million soldiers died in combat, while another
two million went missing. The awareness that humankind should never
again engage in this type of industrial warfare led to the foundation of the
League of Nations in 1919 and the simultaneous development of Peace
Studies as the multidisciplinary study of peace by social and political
scientists, in contrast to the fi eld of War Studies, which was dominated
by military scholars. Almost a century later, this book is a fi rst effort at
putting together the different perspectives of scholars working in the
last few years within the EDEN European network, with the intention of
exploring transversal themes, analytical frameworks and methodologi-
cal dilemmas, as well as to suggest and develop potentially productive
common grounds. Papers range from the critical analysis of international
law implementation, to the defence of new global concepts of security,
to historical, ethnographic and culturalist perspectives on different kinds
of confl icts and violences. That is, they move back and forth from inter-
national institutions and globalised legal and political frameworks, to
the military industry, to everyday life and culturally-bound experiences
and emotions. They have been organized in such way as to ‘rollercoast’
the reader around the different theoretical and methodological points
of view available in the network. The editors of this volume asked the
members of the network to contribute texts that could achieve precisely
this multidisciplinary effect, providing both an infl ection point in our
internal discussions and as a necessary exposure to a broader audience.
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10 ANTONIUS C.G.M. ROBBEN AND FRANCISCO FERRÁNDIZ
The essays in this book demonstrate what has become of the 1919 initia-
tive, and how Peace Studies has evolved into the complex fi eld of Peace
and Confl ict Studies that is no longer narrowly concerned with war and
peace between states, but has branched out into areas such as human
rights, human security, transitional justice, violence prevention, peace
building, reconciliation, identity formation and cultural trauma.
In Human Rights and Human Security: Challenges and Prospects,
Wolfgang Benedek examines the ways in which the expanding discourses
and practices of Human Rights have infi ltrated the most recent debates
regarding development and security in the last decades. Thus, according to
the author, human rights, human development and the recent model of
‘human security’ cannot be considered any more as separate or loosely
related concepts but, rather, as interdependent and mutually reinforced
areas of diagnosis and action, requiring the articulation of a ‘holistic
approach,’ one which is in tune with this book’s proposal. Theoretical
work on the limits, content and intersection of these concepts is abso-
lutely crucial if they are going to be of use for international law, interna-
tional institutions and policy-making. In his essay, Benedek particularly
explores the cross-fertilization between ‘human rights’ and ‘human se-
curity.’ These conceptual debates are necessarily controversial, for the
stakes are high, the international actors and institutions are of growing
complexity, and the kinds of confl icts that the international, national
and local communities have to face are evolving very fast. Although the
conceptual tide seems to be going its way and has in Benedek an articu-
late supporter, the author points out that some critics still question the
adequacy of the concept of ‘human security’ —for some a ‘paradigm
shift’ or a ‘new organizing principle for international relations and inter-
national law,’ for others just ‘hot air’— preferring instead to continue
using older ones like ‘comprehensive security,’ which would refer to vio-
lent threats directly derived from confl icts but would not accommodate
the ‘non-violent threats, related to the violation of economic and social
rights.’
For Benedek, ‘human security’ has a certain ‘European fl avour’ (vs.
North American mainstream conceptions of ‘security’), as it tilts its agen-
da towards prevention instead of repression. ‘Human security’ incorpo-
rates notions from human rights and has a fi rm potential for redefi ning
the meaning and nature of ‘threats’ towards the freedom from fear (civil
and political rights) and the freedom from want (economic, social and
cultural rights), as a necessary companion to the evolution of confl icts,
to an undeferable emphasis on the ‘responsibility to prevent’ in humani-
tarian intervention, and to the consequent factoring in of issues such as
the sources of insecurity, sustainability, people-centered development,
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