Muhammad Nouman Haral s/o Munir Ahmed Haral

147 Pages·2014·8.8 MB·English

Department of Civil Engineering,
College of Engineering,
King Saud University,
Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

INFLUENCE OF NATURAL POZZOLAN ON
PROPERTIES OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

كمدلا هيتاذ ةناسرخلا صئاصخ ىلع يعيبطلا نلازوبلا ريثأت
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master’s degree in the
Department of Civil Engineering at the College of Engineering at
King Saud University

Muhammad Nouman Haral
s/o
Munir Ahmed Haral

Supervised by:
Dr. Abdulaziz I. Al-Negheimish
Dr. Galal Fares

June 2013
KING SAUD UNIVERSITY
RIYADH, 11421 SAUDI ARABIA
DEANSHIP OF GRADUATE STUDIES

INFLUENCE OF NATURAL POZZOLAN ON
PROPERTIES OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

By
Muhammad Nouman HARAL s/o Munir Ahmed HARAL

This thesis was defended and approved on June 2nd 2013 (23-Rajab-1434H)

Supervisor Co-Supervisor

Dr. Galal Fares
Center of Excellence for Concrete
Research and Testing (CoE-CRT)
King Saud University

Members of examination committee

Prof. Abdulrahman Alhozaimy Dr. Mohammad Iqbal Khan
Civil Engineering Department Civil Engineering Department
King Saud University King Saud University

Prof. Mohammad Jamal Shannag
Civil Engineering Department

King Saud University
ii

Authors Declaration

It is hereby declared that all the information in this manuscript has been
gathered and presented as per the academic rules and ethical conduct. It is also
stated that the referred results and ideas have been cited and referenced.

Muhammad Nouman HARAL s/o Munir Ahmed HARAL

Signature:
iii

Abstract
Self compacting concrete (SCC) has become of vital importance for the
construction industry since its invention in Japan in 1988. SCC main advantage is the
ease of placement and consolidation; however, the need to use additional powder
materials and high superplasticizer dosage makes it more expensive than conventional
concrete. Many supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as fly ash (FA), silica
fume (SF) and fine materials such as lime stone powder (LSP) and lime stone dust (LSD)
are used worldwide to produce SCC.
This research was intended to study the effect of incorporating natural pozzolan
(NP); as an SCM; on the properties of SCC. The optimum NP content of 20% was
determined by the tests performed on pastes and mortars. The optimum NP replacement
level was utilized to perform further tests on fresh properties and development of
compressive strength of SCC. Optimized SCC mixes (with w/b ratios of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5)
were developed, based on EFNARC (European Federation of National Associations
Representing producers and applicators of specialist building products for Concrete)
empirical approach. The results of these tests showed that using NP up to its optimum
percentage has small influence on the fresh properties of paste, mortar and SCC mixes.
The SP dosage of SCC mixes could be correlated with the SP demand of paste and mortar
mixes. The early compressive strength of the SCC mixes, however, showed significant
reduction due to NP replacement. The results showed that the mixes with w/b ratios of
0.3 and 0.4 retained their fresh properties with time even under high ambient temperature;
however, workability retention was a problem for the mixes with w/b of 0.5 especially at
high temperatures. Besides, it was also observed that the development of economical SCC
mixes at w/b is possible between 0.4 and 0.5 but requires further investigation. Also,
further development work is required before local NP can be recommended to replace
imported SCMs in the production of SCC.
iv

صخلملا
.8811 ماع نابايلا يف اهفاشتكا ذنم دييشتلا ةعانص يف ةيويح ةيمهأ اهل كمدلا ةيتاذ ةناسرخلا تحبصأ
ةيتنمسلأا داوملا مادختسا ىلإ ةجاحلا نأ لاإ ، كمدلا ةيتاذ ةناسرخلل ةيسيئرلا ةزيملا كمدلاو بصلا ةلوهس دعتو
نم ديدعلا كانهو .ةيديلقتلا ةناسرخلا نم ةفلكت رثكأ اهلعجي ءادلأا يلاع ندلملا ةعرج عافتراو )SCMS( ةيليمكتلا
قوحسم لثم ةمعان داومو )SF( اكيليسلا رابغ ،)FA( رياطتملا دامرلا لثم )SCMS( ةيليمكتلا ةيتنمسلأا داوملا
كمدلا ةيتاذ ةناسرخلا جاتنلإ ملاعلا ءاحنأ عيمج يف مدختست )LSD( يريجلا رجحلا رابغو )LSP( ريجلا رجحلا
كمدلا ةيتاذ ةناسرخلا جاتنلإ يلحملا )NP( يعيبطلا نلاوزوبلا مادختسإ ةيناكمإ ةسارد ثحبلا اذه يف مت
لحتل يعيبطلا نلاوزوبلا نم لثملأا ةبسنلا ديدحت مت دقو . ةدلصتملاو ةجزاطلا ةناسرخلا صاوخ ىلع كلذ ريثأتو
ثيح ةنوملاو نيجاعملا ىلع تيرجأ ىتلا براجتلا قيرط نع كمدلا ةيتاذ ةناسرخلا جاتنا يف تنمسلأا نم ءزج لحم
.ةجزاطلا ةلاحلا يف صاوخلا ىلع دودحم ريثأت هل %02 ىلإ لصت ةبسنب يعيبطلا نلاوزوبلا مادختسإ نأ جئاتنلا تنيب
يف ةطلخلا صئاصخ ديدحتل كمدلا ةيتاذ ةناسرخلا ىلع تارابتخلاا نم ديزملا ذيفنتل NP %02 ةبسن مادختسا مت دقو
لثمت يتلا ةينطولا تايعمجلل يبورولأا داحتلاا( EFNARC ةيبيرجتلا ةقيرطلا ىلإ ادانتسا ةدلصتملاو ةجزاطلا ةلاحلا
مادختسا نأ تارابتخلاا هذه جئاتن ترهظأ ثيح )ةناسرخلا نم ةصصختملا ءانبلا تاجتنملل نيلواقملاو نيجتنملا
ترهظأ امنيب ، ةجزاطلا ةلاحلا يف كمدلا ةيتاذ ةناسرخلا صئاصخ ىلع ادودحم اريثأت اهل ناك يعيبطلا نلاوزوبلا
تاطلخلا نأ جئاتنلا ترهظأ امك .يعيبطلا نلاوزوبلاب تنمسلأا نم ةبسن لادبتسا ببسب طغضلا ةوقل اظوحلم اضافخنا
تنمسلأا عون نع رظنلا ضغب تقولا عم ةجزاطلا اهصئاصخب تظفتحإ دق 2.0 و 2.0 تنمسلأا ىلإ ءاملا بسن تاذ
ىلإ ءاملا بسن تاذ ةطلخلل ةبسنلاب ةلكشم ليغشتلا ةيلباق ظافتحلاا ناك لباقملابو ،ةيلاعلا ةرارحلا ةجرد لظ يف ىتح
ايداصتقا نوكي ذق كمدلا ةيتاذ ةناسرخ ريوطت نأ جئاتنلا هذه تلد .ةيلاعلا ةرارحلا تاجرد دنع ةصاخ 2.0 تنمسلأا
ديزم ىلإ ةجاح كانه ،اضيأ . ةساردلا نم اديزم بلطتي كلذ نكلو 2.0 و 2.0 نيب تنمسلأا ىلإ ءام ةبسن تاذ ةطلخل
جاتنإ يف ةدروتسملا SCMS لحم لحيل يلحملا يعيبطلا نلاوزوبلا مادختسإب ةيصوتلا لبق ريوطتلاو لمعلا نم
.كمدلا ةيتاذ ةناسرخلا
.
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Dedication
I dedicate my work to
my Loving parents,
Mr. & Mrs. Munir Ahmed HARAL,
respectable teachers,
siblings,
friends and
my loving and caring Wife;
whose continued efforts and prays have made me stand tall amidst the time of
difficulties.

“The secret of the genius is to carry the spirit of the child into old age, which means
never losing your enthusiasm.” – Aldous Huxley
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Acknowledgments
All praises and thanks are for the Almighty Allah, the Merciful, the only creator
of the universe and source of all knowledge and wisdom, who blessed me with health,
thoughts, and nice teachers, helping friends and the afforded opportunity to complete this
study. I offer my humblest thanks to the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) whose
moral and spiritual teachings enlightened my heart, mind and flourished my thoughts
towards achieving high ideals of life.
It makes me pleased to express my cordial gratitude for the kindest of efforts and
supports of my supervisors, Dr. Abdulaziz Ibrahim Al-Negheimish and Dr. Galal
Fares. It was their precious guidance and encouragement, which made me through the
procedure. I am indebted to them for good to make my path lit, particularly in harsh
times.
The cooperation of my respectable teachers Dr. Muhammad Iqbal Khan, Prof.
Mohammad Jamal Shannag and Prof. Abdulrahman Alhozaimy, especially at the
crucial times, was vital to make the whole thing into a success.
It is also my privilege to take the opportunity to thank all the researchers and
supporting staff including Engr. Rais Mirza, Engr. Zafarullah Qadri, Engr. Salim,
Mr. Hasan, Engr. Wasim and especially Dr. Raja Rizwan at Center of Excellence for
Concrete Research and Testing (CoE-CRT), whose valuable help is highly appreciated.
My gratitude extends to Mr. Talat Saleem, Mr. Abdul Saboor, Mr. Jahangir
Malik, Mr. Wasim Abbas, Mr. Fahid Aslam, Mr Bashrat Ali, and Mr. Shoaib
Ashraf and my other colleagues and friends. They helped me to keep my spirits up and
do justice with the job. Their sincere efforts and support is invaluable to me for good.
Mr. Tufail, Mr. Sadiq, Mr. Sanaullah, and Mr. Muhammad Bakr in the lab
as technical associates made my work seem easier through their steady support and
cooperation. Finally and importantly, for the provision of all the facilities and
commodities aiding to the research work, I am thankful to the Department of Civil
Engineering at College of Engineering, King Saud University.
Muhammad Nouman HARAL
June 2013
vii

Table of contents
Authors Declaration ...................................................................................................................... ii
Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... iii
صخلملا ......................................................................................................................................... iv
Dedication..................................................................................................................................... v
Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................... vi
Table of contents ........................................................................................................................ vii
List of tables ................................................................................................................................ xi
List of figures ............................................................................................................................ xiii
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1. General .......................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Research significance .................................................................................... 1
1.3. Research objectives ....................................................................................... 2
1.4. Thesis outline ................................................................................................ 3
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. General .......................................................................................................... 4
2.1.1. Self compacting concrete ....................................................................... 4
2.1.2. Supplementary cementitious materials .................................................. 5
2.2. Natural pozzolan ........................................................................................... 6
2.2.1. History and types of natural pozzolan ................................................... 6
2.3. Local natural pozzolans................................................................................. 7
2.4. Use of NP in construction ............................................................................. 9
2.4.1. Improved durability ............................................................................. 10
2.4.2. Chemical attacks and NP ..................................................................... 10
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2.5. Studies on SCC incorporating NP ............................................................... 11
2.6. SCC mix proportioning methods ................................................................ 11
2.6.1. Mix design models for SCC ................................................................. 13
2.6.2. Empirical method ................................................................................. 13
2.6.3. Chemical admixtures in SCC ............................................................... 17
2.7. Summary of literature review...................................................................... 18
2.7.1. SCC mix design methods ..................................................................... 18
2.7.2. Use of pozzolanic materials in concrete .............................................. 19
CHAPTER 3
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM, MATERIALS AND TESTING
3.1. Experimental program ................................................................................. 21
3.1.1. Stage I: Influence of NP on Paste ........................................................ 22
3.1.2. Stage II: Influence of NP on Mortar .................................................... 24
3.1.3. Stage III: Optimization of SCC mixes without NP .............................. 26
3.1.4. Stage IV: Influence of NP on properties of SCC ................................. 28
3.2. Materials for SCC ....................................................................................... 32
3.2.1. Water .................................................................................................... 32
3.2.2. Cements and NP ................................................................................... 33
3.2.3. Coarse and fine aggregates .................................................................. 34
3.2.4. Superplasticizer .................................................................................... 37
3.3. Testing ......................................................................................................... 37
3.3.1. Tests on pastes ..................................................................................... 37
3.3.1.1. Modified Marsh Cone Test ........................................................ 37
(I) Conventional Marsh cone ........................................................... 38
(II) Modified Marsh cone ................................................................. 38
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3.3.1.2. Mini slump test ........................................................................... 39
3.3.2. Tests on mortars: Mini slump test ........................................................ 40
3.3.3. Tests on concrete mixes ....................................................................... 41
3.3.3.1. Tests on fresh properties ............................................................ 41
(I) Slump flow and T500 ................................................................... 41
(II) J-Ring flow ................................................................................. 42
(III) V-Funnel .................................................................................... 43
3.3.3.2. Tests on hardened properties ...................................................... 43
(I) Compressive strength test ........................................................... 43
(II) Modulus of elasticity .................................................................. 44
CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Stage I: Influence of NP on Paste ............................................................... 46
4.1.1. MMCT results ...................................................................................... 46
4.1.2. Mini slump test results ......................................................................... 51
4.2. Stage II: Influence of NP on Mortar ........................................................... 52
4.3. Stage III: Optimization of SCC mixes without NP ..................................... 57
4.3.1. Applicability of EFNARC Limits: Water-powder ratio ...................... 57
4.3.2. Flowability results: slump flow and T500 ............................................. 59
4.3.2.1. Paste volume .............................................................................. 64
4.3.2.2. Coarse aggregate content ........................................................... 68
4.3.2.3. FA/TA ........................................................................................ 70
4.3.3. Compressive strength ........................................................................... 72
4.3.4. Cost analysis and comparison of the mixes ......................................... 74
4.3.5. Summary of mix design selection ........................................................ 76