Mucosal Health in Aquaculture

410 Pages·2015·14.09 MB·English

by  Benjamin H. Beck

Mucosal Health
in Aquaculture
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Mucosal Health
in Aquaculture
Edited by
Benjamin H. Beck
Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center,
Stuttgart, Arkansas, USA
Eric Peatman
School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic
Sciences, Auburn University, Alabama, USA
AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK
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ISBN: 978-0-12-417186-2
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Dedication
We dedicate this text to fish that have captivated us since youth.
Slimy and colorful. Resilient and enduring.
Fried, broiled, and blackened.
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Contents
List of contributors xi
Acknowledgments xiii
1 Why mucosal health? 1
Eric Peatman; Benjamin H. Beck
1.1 Why mucosal health? 1
2 Overview of fish immunity 3
Rosario Castro; Carolina Tafalla
2.1 Introduction 4
2.2 Organs, tissues, and general structures 6
2.3 Cellular components 10
2.4 Soluble mediators of immunity 21
2.5 Immune mechanisms 30
Acknowledgments 36
References 36
3 Overview of mucosal structure and function in teleost fishes 55
Tracy S. Peterson
3.1 Introduction 55
3.2 Integument 58
3.3 Intestine 60
References 63
4 Fish mucosal immunity: skin 67
María Ángeles Esteban; Rebeca Cerezuela
4.1 Introduction 67
4.2 The mucous layer as a barrier against pathogens 69
4.3 Resident cell types found in the skin 72
4.4 Skin immune responses in diseased fish 74
4.5 Future directions and conclusions 87
References 88
5 Fish mucosal immunity: gill 93
Erling Olaf Koppang; Agnar Kvellestad; Uwe Fischer
5.1 Introduction 94
5.2 Embryology and anatomy 95
viii Contents
5.3 Vascular system 97
5.4 Epithelium 98
5.5 Blood cells and other immune cells 101
5.6 Mucosal immunity and the gills 110
5.7 Infectious salmon anemia 113
5.8 Red mouth disease (yersiniosis) 115
5.9 Amoebic gill disease 116
5.10 Ichthyophthiriasis (“white spot disease”) 117
5.11 Concluding remarks 120
References 120
6 Fish mucosal immunity: intestine 135
Irene Salinas; David Parra
6.1 Introduction 136
6.2 The mucus layer as a barrier against mucosal pathogens 137
6.3 Resident cell types found in the gastrointestinal
tract of teleosts 140
6.4 Gut immune responses in diseased fish 145
6.5 The embryology and ontogeny of the gut immune system 152
6.6 Laboratory models that can contribute to our knowledge
of gut immunity in aquaculture fish 155
6.7 Concluding remarks 158
References 158
7 Environmental impacts on fish mucosa 171
Henrik Sundh; Kristina S. Sundell
7.1 Introduction 171
7.2 Intestinal barrier function 172
7.3 Intestinal barrier function and health 177
7.4 Environmental factors affecting the intestinal barrier 177
7.5 Host–pathogen interactions and intestinal
barrier function 180
7.6 The effect of environmental salinity on the
intestinal barrier 183
7.7 Mediators of a decreased barrier function 184
7.8 Concluding remarks 187
References 188
8 Nutritional impacts on fish mucosa: dietary considerations 199
Jesse Trushenski
8.1 Introduction 199
8.2 Lipids and gut health 200
8.3 Antinutritional factors and gut health 202
8.4 Concluding remarks 206
References 206
Contents ix
9 Nutritional impacts on fish mucosa: immunostimulants,
pre- and probiotics 211
Christopher Marlowe A. Caipang; Carlo C. Lazado
9.1 Background 212
9.2 Immunostimulants 214
9.3 Prebiotics 221
9.4 Probiotics 229
9.5 Dietary administration of immunostimulants and their
effects on mucosal immunity and disease resistance 241
9.6 Dietary administration of prebiotics and their effects on
mucosal immunity 243
9.7 Dietary administration of probiotics and their effects on
mucosal immunity 249
9.8 Concluding remarks 254
Acknowledgments 255
References 255
10 The fish microbiome and its interactions with mucosal tissues 273
Daniel L. Merrifield; Ana Rodiles
10.1 Introduction 273
10.2 Ontology of the fish microbiome 274
10.3 Microbiota associated with the skin 276
10.4 Microbiota associated with the gills 280
10.5 The gut microbiomes of fish 281
10.6 Microbiome–mucosa interactions 287
10.7 Future research 289
References 289
11 Mucosal vaccines 297
Esteban Soto; Matt J. Griffin; Jaime A. Tobar
11.1 Introduction 297
11.2 Types of mucosal vaccines in aquaculture 300
11.3 Delivery of mucosal vaccines in aquaculture 309
References 318
12 Mucosal immunity in mollusks 325
Bassem Allam; Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa
12.1 Introduction 325
12.2 Molluscan mucosal epithelia 327
12.3 Mucus matrix composition and structure 330
12.4 The diverse functions of mollusk mucus 331
12.5 Host–microbe interactions at mucosal interfaces in metazoans 332
12.6 Mucosal immunity in mollusks 336
12.7 Immune recognition 337
12.8 Immune activation and cell signaling 342