Table Of ContentMRI Normal Variants and Pitfalls
MRI
Normal Variants
and Pitfalls
Laura W. Bancroft, MD
AssociateProfessor
MayoClinicFlorida
Jacksonville,Florida
Mellena D. Bridges, MD
AssistantProfessor
MayoClinicFlorida
Jacksonville,Florida
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MRInormalvariantsandpitfalls/editedbyLauraW.BancroftandMellenaD.Bridges.
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ISBN-13:978-0-7817-8314-9
ISBN-10:0-7817-8314-3
1.Magneticresonanceimaging.I.Bancroft,LauraW.II.Bridges,MellenaD.,M.D.
III.Title:Magneticresonanceimagingnormalvariantsandpitfalls.
[DNLM:1. MagneticResonanceImaging—methods.2. Artifacts.3.DiagnosticErrors—prevention
&control.4. ImageInterpretation,Computer-Assisted.WN185M93952009]
RC78.7.N83M7592009
(cid:1)
616.07548—dc22
2008009240
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
L.W.B.
To my extremely wonderful husband, Joe. My parents, JoAnn and Bob, who have always
given me love and support. And my children Ashley, Walker, and Jack who can really
make me laugh.
M.D.B.
To Gregory, Zoe, and Hannah for their support and, above all, for their sublime tolerance.
C o n t e n t s
ListofContributors ix 7. Wrist/Hand 127
Preface xi LauraW.Bancroft,MarkJ.Kransdorf,
andThomasH.Berquist
Acknowledgments xiii
III ■ Chest 139
I ■ Head and Neck 1
8. Breast 141
1. The Head 3
ElizabethR.DePeri
DavidA.Miller,DebbieJ.Merinbaum,
andJohnE.Kirsch 9. Thoracic Spine 162
BrainParenchyma 4 LauraW.BancroftandDebbieJ.Merinbaum
10. Intrathoracic 174
Ventricles 15
LauraW.Bancroft,RonaldS.Kuzo,
Cisterns 22
andJ.MarkMcKinney
Fissures 27
Vascular 175
Arteries 28
Cardiac 183
Veins 39
Other 186
Orbits 43
Calvarium 46
IV ■ Abdomen 193
Face 57
11. Liver and Biliary System 195
2. The Neck 66
MellenaD.Bridges
DavidA.Miller,RobertA.Pooley,
andLauraW.Bancroft Liver 196
Neck 67 Biliary 253
BrachialPlexus 74 12. Gallbladder 268
3. Cervical Spine 77 MellenaD.Bridges
DavidA.MillerandLauraW.Bancroft 13. Pancreas 282
MellenaD.Bridges
II ■ The Upper Extremity 85 14. Kidneys and Adrenals 304
MellenaD.BridgesandJosephG.Cernigliaro
4. Shoulder/Arm 87
Kidneys 305
LauraW.Bancroft,JeffreyJ.Peterson,
Ureters 322
andJohnE.Kirsch
5. Elbow 107 Adrenals 324
LauraW.Bancroft,ThomasH.Berquist, 15. Spleen 334
andDebbieJ.Merinbaum MellenaD.Bridges
6. Forearm 121 16. Vasculature 350
LauraW.Bancroft,ThomasH.Berquist, MellenaD.Bridges,J.MarkMcKinney,
andDebbieJ.Merinbaum andEricM.Walser
vii
Contents
17. Lumbar Spine 377 21. Musculoskeletal 486
LauraW.BancroftandDebbieJ.Merinbaum LauraW.BancroftandJohnE.Kirsch
Pelvis/Hip 487
V ■ Pelvis 395 Thigh 508
18. Female 397
VI ■ The Lower Extremity 511
MellenaD.Bridges
UterusandCervix 398 22. Knee 513
OvariesandAdnexa 423 LauraW.BancroftandPatrickT.Liu
VaginaandPerineum 441 23. Calf 543
19. Male 450 LauraW.BancroftandRobertA.Pooley
MellenaD.Bridges 24. Ankle/Foot 550
20. Unisex 468 LauraW.BancroftandWilliamB.Morrison
MellenaD.BridgesandRobertA.Pooley
Bladder 469 Index 579
VascularandArtifacts 480
viii
L i s t o f C o n t r i b u t o r s
LAURAW.BANCROFT,MD PATRICKT.LIU,MD
AssociateProfessorofRadiology AssociateProfessorofRadiology
DepartmentofRadiology DepartmentofRadiology
MayoClinicFlorida MayoClinicArizona
Jacksonville,Florida Scottsdale,Arizona
THOMASH.BERQUIST,MD,FACR J.MARKMCKINNEY,MD
ProfessorofRadiology AssistantProfessorofRadiology
DepartmentofRadiology DepartmentofRadiology
MayoClinicFlorida MayoClinicFlorida
Jacksonville,Florida Jacksonville,Florida
MELLENAD.BRIDGES,MD DEBBIEJ.MERINBAUM,MD
AssistantProfessorofRadiology ChairmanandMedicalDirectorofImaging
DepartmentofRadiology DepartmentofRadiology
MayoClinicFlorida WolfsonChildren’sHospital
Jacksonville,Florida Jacksonville,Florida
JOSEPHG.CERNIGLIARO,MD DAVIDA.MILLER,MD
AssistantProfessorofRadiology AssistantProfessorofRadiology
DepartmentofRadiology DepartmentofRadiology
MayoClinicFlorida MayoClinicFlorida
Jacksonville,Florida Jacksonville,Florida
ELIZABETHR.DEPERI,MD WILLIAMB.MORRISON,MD
AssistantProfessorofRadiology AssociateProfessorofRadiology
DepartmentofRadiology DepartmentofRadiology
MayoClinicFlorida ThomasJeffersonUniversity
Jacksonville,Florida Philadelphia,Pennsylvania
JOHNE.KIRSCH,PhD JEFFREYJ.PETERSON,MD
SeniorScientist AssociateProfessorofRadiology
MagneticResonanceDivision DepartmentofRadiology
SiemensMedicalSolutions,Inc. MayoClinicFlorida
Cary,NorthCarolina Jacksonville,Florida
MARKJ.KRANSDORF,MD,FACR ROBERTA.POOLEY,PhD
ProfessorofRadiology AssistantProfessorofRadiology
DepartmentofRadiology DepartmentofRadiology
MayoClinicFlorida MayoClinicFlorida
Jacksonville,Florida Jacksonville,Florida
RONALDS.KUZO,MD ERICM.WALSER,MD
AssociateProfessorofRadiology ProfessorofRadiology
DepartmentofRadiology DepartmentofRadiology
MayoClinic MayoClinicFlorida
Rochester,Minnesota Jacksonville,Florida
ix
