Table Of ContentMovement Disorders
Movement Disorders
Edited by
NANDKUMAR S. SHAH, Ph.D. t
Director, Ensor Foundation Research Laboratory
William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute
Research Professor, Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science
University of South Carolina School of Medicine
Columbia, South Carolina
and
ALEXANDER G. DONALD, M.D.
Director, William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute
Professor and Chairman, Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science
University of South Carolina School of Medicine
Columbia, South Carolina
PLENUM MEDICAL BOOK COMPANY
New York and London
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Movement disorders.
Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Movement disorders. 2. Neuropharmacology. I. Shah, Nandkumar S. II. Donald,
Alexander G., 1928- . [DNLM: I. Movement Disorders. WL 390 M9352]
RC385.M69 1986 616.7'4 86-4884
ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-5040-8 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-5038-5
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5038-5
© 1986 Plenum Publishing Corporation
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1986
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
Plenum Medical Book Company is an imprint of Plenum Publishing Corporation
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
In Memoriam
Nandkumar S. Shah
(1928-1983)
Nandkumar S. Shah died on May 23, 1983, at the age of 55. Dr. Shah was Chief
of Research Services and Director of the Ensor Research Laboratory at the
William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute and Research Professor, Department of
Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science, at the University of South Carolina
School of Medicine. He had completed the majority of the work involved in
the publication of this volume at the time of his death.
Dr. Shah, a son of the late Shankarbhai and Parvati Shah, was born in
Nandurbar, India. He received his B.S. and M.S. in biochemistry from Poona
University, India. He completed his Ph.D. in pharmacology at the University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, in 1965.
Dr. Shah was the epitome of a scholar and an excellent teacher. In addition,
he was a superb researcher. He made significant contributions to the medical
community of Columbia, South Carolina, through his research and teaching.
v
vi IN MEMORIAM
Through his many publications and presentations at national and international
symposia, his work became known worldwide.
Dr. Shah's professional career began in 1955 at Poona University and at
the Gandhi Memorial Hospital, where he conducted studies on lathyrism. He
was later selected by the Atomic Energy Commission to continue his research
in clinical biochemistry. He came to the United States in 1961 and studied at
the College of Medicine at the University of Florida. On completion of his
studies, he joined the staff at the Thudichum Psychiatric Research Laboratory
in Galesburg, Illinois, working with the late Dr. Harold Himwich. He subse
quently became Chief of the Psychopharmacology Radioisotope Laboratory,
conducting studies on biogenic amines and hallucinogens: uptake, distribution,
metabolism, and excretions under various conditions.
From 1970 to the time of his death, Dr. Shah directed research programs
including projects in psychopharmacology, biochemical mechanisms, neuro
chemical aspects of developing brain, fetal growth, and drug metabolism at the
Hall Institute. At the University of South Carolina School of Medicine he
became a Research Professor in Neuropsychiatry in 1975 and an Adjunct Pro
fessor in Pharmacology in 1978. He was Adjunct Distinguished Professor in
the College of Pharmacy of the University. Through formal lectures, he taught
residents and medical students in psychiatry and pharmacology. He directed
graduate programs in the Department of Psychology and in the School of Phar
macy. Dr. Shah served as a consultant to the Neuroscience Laboratory at the
Veterans Administration Hospital in Columbia, South Carolina, and to the
Biomedical Research Program at Voorhees College in Denmark, South
Carolina.
Dr. Shah published over 140 papers related to psychopharmacology and
the biological basis of psychiatry in national and international journals. In ad
dition, he co-edited two major books entitled Endorphins and Opiate Antag
onists in Psychiatric Research: Clinical Implications and GABA Neurotrans
mission: Current Developments in Physiology and Neurochemistry.
For the last 13 years, Dr. Shah conducted an annual research symposium
of international significance on topics of pharmacological interest, under the
auspices of the William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute. These symposia, over the
years, have brought scientists of international stature to Columbia, providing
the local scientific, medical, and psychiatric communities with a unique op
portunity to personally exchange ideas with these outstanding men and women.
Dr. Shah earned several awards from national and international scientific
and pharmaceutical associations: (1) from the American Society for Pharma
cology and Experimental Therapeutics (1975-1976); (2) from the National In
stitute for General Medical Sciences (1980); (3) from the Deutscher Akadem
ischer Austauschdienst (German Academic Exchange Service) to work at Max
Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, West Germany, in psychoneuroen
docrinology (1983); and (4) the Director's Award, from the William S. Hall
Psychiatric Institute. He was listed in The Marquis Who's Who, Who's Who
in the Biomedical Sciences, and the International Directory of Investigators in
IN MEMORIAM vii
Psychopharmacology published by the World Health Organization and the Na
tional Institute of Mental Health. He was also a member of the Ad Hoc Com
mittee of the NASA Biochemical Research Program in space and an editor/
advisor for several professional journals.
Dr. Shah was strongly attached to his family. He had affection for his
brothers, nephews, and nieces, helping to guide and shape their careers and
financing their education when needed. Neeta, his wife of 22 years, is a re
markable person who shared his experiences, successes, and disappointments.
His daughter shares her father's love of science and is pursuing a career in
medicine.
Dr. Shah was an excellent teacher, an internationally known researcher,
a humane colleague, and a gentleman who is missed by all. In June, 1983, when
he was selected as the first recipient (posthumously) of the Director's Award
of the William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute for the most significant contribution
to its mission and purpose during the preceding year, Dr. Shah was described
as "always interested in and willing to help students ... the epitome of the
scholar and the teacher-an extremely diligent and hard-working faculty mem
ber who set a high standard of excellence for students in all disciplines."
This volume is respectfully dedicated to the memory of Dr. Nandkumar
S. Shah in appreciation of his accomplishments and his compassion for his
fellow man.
Alexander G. Donald
Contributors
LARRY D. ALPHS • Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psy
chiatry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
GEORGE M. ANDERSON • Child Study Center and Department of Laboratory
Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
ROSS J. BALDESSARINI • Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Program,
Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, and Mailman Re
search Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
THOMAS R. E. BARNES • Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and West
minster Medical School, London, England
HEMENDRA N. BHARGAVA • Department of Pharmacodynamics, College ofPhar
macy, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Health Sciences Center, Chicago,
Illinois
J. R. BIANCHINE • Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio. Present address: Medical Affairs, American
Critical Care, McGaw Park, Illinois
RICHARD L. BORISON • Department of Psychiatry, Downtown Veterans Admin
istration Medical Center, and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
DONALD B. CALNE • Experimental Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of
Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Present address: Health Sciences Center Hospital,
Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Co
lumbia, Canada
DANIEL E. CASEY • Departments of Psychiatry, Research, and Neurology, Vet
erans Administration Medical Center and Oregon Health Sciences University,
Portland, Oregon
C. C. CLOUGH • Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birming
ham, England
ix
x CONTRIBUTORS
DONALD J. COHEN • Child Study Center, Children's Clinical Research Center, and
Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, and Psychology, Yale University, New
Haven, Connecticut
JONATHAN O. COLE • Psychopharmacology Services, McLean Hospital, Belmont,
Massachusetts
JOHN M. DAVIS • Illinois State Psychiatric Institute, Chicago, Illinois
BRUCE I. DIAMOND • Department of Psychiatry, Downtown Veterans Adminis
tration Medical Center, and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
RICHARD DORSEY • Department of Psychiatry, Doctors Hospital West, Colum
bus, Ohio
GEORGE GARDOS. West-Ros-Park Mental Health Center, Boston,
Massachusetts
JES GERLACH • Department H, Saint Hans Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
CHRISTOPHER G. GOETZ • Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush-Pres
byterian-St. Lukes Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
THOMAS J. GOLDSCHMIDT • Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sci
ence, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina.
Present address: Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tulane University
School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
MENEK GOLDSTEIN • Department of Neurochemistry, New York University
School of Medicine, New York, New York
ANA HITRI • Department of Psychiatry, Downtown Veterans Administration Med
ical Center, and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
DILIP V. JESTE • Neuropsychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health,
Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, D.C.
CHARLES A. KAUFMANN • Neuropsychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental
Health, Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, D.C.
HAROLD L. KLAWANS • Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush-Presbyter
ian-St. Lukes Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
JOSEPH KNOLL • Department of Pharmacology, Semmelweis University of Med
icine, Budapest, Hungary
S0REN KORSGAARD • Department H, Saint Hans Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
JAMES F. LECKMAN • Child Study Center, Children's Clinical Research Center,
and Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven,
Connecticut
ABRAHAM N. LIEBERMAN • Department of Neurology, New York University
School of Medicine, New York, New York
RUUD B. MINDERAA • Eramus Universiteit Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The
Netherlands
CONTRIBUTORS xi
RICHARD P. NEWMAN • Experimental Therapeutics Branch, National Insitute of
Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Present address: 1004 Beverly Drive, Rockledge,
Florida
DAVID L. PAULS • Child Study Center and Department of Human Genetics, Yale
University, New Haven, Connecticut
J. M. S. PEARCE • Department of Neurology, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, England
EDMOND H. PI • Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern California
School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
R. ARLEN PRICE • Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Phila
delphia, Pennsylvania
C. W. RICHARD III • Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio
MARK A. RIDDLE • Child Study Center, Children's Clinical Research Center, and
Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven,
Connecticut
ROBERT C. SCHNACKENBERG • Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral
Science, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South
Carolina
R. D. SCHWARTZ • Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio
ARTHUR K. SHAPIRO • Tourette and Tic Laboratory and Clinic, Mount Sinai
School of Medicine, New York, New York
ELAINE SHAPIRO • Tourette and Tic Laboratory and Clinic, Mount Sinai School
of Medicine, New York, New York
GEORGE M. SIMPSON • Department of Psychiatry, The Medical College of Penn
sylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
STEPHEN M. STAHL • VA-Stanford Mental Health Clinical Research Center, De
partment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, California, and Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology,
Schizophrenia Biologic Research Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center,
Palo Alto, California. Present address: Neuroscience Research Centre, Merck
Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Terlings Park-Eastwick Road, Harlow,
Essex, England
CHARLES N. STILL • Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science,
University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
CAROLINE M. TANNER • Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush-Presbyter
ian-St. Lukes Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
DANIEL TARSY • Department of Neurology, Boston University and Harvard Med-
