Mössbauer Effect Methodology: Volume 2 Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Mössbauer Effect Methodology New York City, January 25, 1966

192 Pages·1966·8.173 MB·English

by  Rudi H. Nussbaum (auth.), Irwin J. Gruverman (eds.)

Vol. 2
Irwin J. Gruverman Editor
Mossbauer ef
meth 02
Mössbauer Effect
Methodology
Volume 2
A Publication of the New England Nuclear Corporation
Mössbauer Effect
Methodology
Volume 2
Proceedings of the Second Symposium on
Mössbauer Effect Methodology
New York City, January 25, 1966
Edited by
Irwin J. Gruverman
Head, Special Sources Department
New England Nuclear Corporation
Boston, Massachusetts
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SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC 1966
ISBN 978-1-4757-1546-0 ISBN 978-1-4757-1544-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-1544-6
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 65-21188
© 1966 Springer Science+Business Media New Y ork
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1966
All rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any
form without written permission from the publisher
Preface
The Mössbauer effect certainly can be counted among the more
elegant and basic tools of physical inquiry. This has been established
and confirmed in many laboratories, in the main by physicists in
terested in the measurement of nuclear parameters. lt has also become
apparent that the methodology of the Mössbauer effect lends itself to
investigations in other disciplines, and ranks with NMR, ESR, optical
techniques, and others as a most useful wide-range spectroscopy. The
appearance of reliable commercial Mössbauer spectrometers in the
past year, and the prospect of additional ones in the near future, seems
to insure an ever increasing degree of attention to this relatively new
spectroscopy.
The material in this book illustrates the breadth of coverage
afforded by Mössbauer methodology to nuclear parameter investiga
tion, and chemical structure elucidation, and the potential of
Mössbauer spectroscopy in chemical sturlies and control activities.
It is the editor's hope, and the real objective of these symposia, to
generate interest in quality control applications, in metallurgical and
chemical Iabaratory routine analytical applications, in biological
analytical applications, andin all other applications where Mössbauer
spectroscopy can be thought of as one more analytical tool rather than
an interesting but exotic curiosity.
Mössbauer Effect Methodology, Valurne 2, records the proceed
ings of the Second Symposium on Mössbauer Effect Methodology.
This Symposium was sponsored by the New England Nuclear Cer
poration and the Technical Measurement Corporation, and was
devoted to applications of the Mössbauer effect and, to a lesser extent,
to principles and techniques.
The Symposium was held at the New York Hilton Hotel in New
York City on January 25, 1966. Dr. Lee Grodzins, of M.l.T., was
Chairman of the all-day session. About 200 people attended the
Symposium, manifesting a Ievel of interest which will assure further
symposia in this series.
The twelve papers in this volume report a broad sampling of the
V
vi PREFACE
uses to which Mössbauer methodology is being applied. While most of
the papers describe measurements of parameters of primary interest
to physicists, extensions of Mössbauer methodology aqoss inter
disciplinary boundaries are exemplified by studies of meteorites,
hemoglobin, and iron chemistry.
The expected diffusion of Mössbauer methodology into geology,
biology, and chemistry laboratories is now actually taking place and is
expected to accelerate. Volume I, this volume, and subsequent volumes
in this series are intended to permit easy access to principles, tech
niques, and examples of pertinent applications, and so to foster this
trend.
It is the editor's pleasant task once more to acknowledge the help
of his colleagues in organizing and conducting the Symposium, to
thank the authors for submitting their manuscripts after only mild
urging, and to commend Lee Grodzins for competent handling of a
difficult task.
I.G.
Boston, Massachusetts
July 10, 1966
Contents
Mössbauer Parameters: Determination and Interpretation
Interpretation and Applications of Mössbauer Fraction
Experiments 3
R. H. Nussbaum
Electric Field Gradients in Iron Compounds 23
R. W. Grant
Mössbauer Paramagnetic Hyperfine Structure 39
H. H. Wiekman
Localized Moments ofDilute Iron in Nonmagnetic Host Metals 67
R. D. Taylor
Measurement of Magnetic Field Distributions . 77
W. L. Trousdale, C. J. Song, and G. Longworth
The Use of Mössbauer Spectroscopy in Iron Coordination
Chemistry . 85
J. J. Spijkerman, F. C. Ruegg, and L. May
Some Applications of Superconducting Magnets 95
J. Heberle
Mössbauer Spectrometry: Application to Material Invcstigations
Mössbauer Analysis of Meteoritic Iron Minerals 113
E. L. Sprenkel-Segel and S. S. Hanna
Mössbauer Spectrometry of Hemoglobin: Paramagnetic Effects 127
G. Lang and W. Marshall
Mössbauer Studies of Rare-Earth Intermetallic Compounds 147
I. Nowik
vii
viii CONTENTS
The Mössbauer Effect of Sn119 in Palladium-Rich Palladium
Tin Solid Salutions 161
D. K. Snediker
Investigation of Ultra-Thin Iran Films 171
C. E. Vialet and E. L. Lee
Index . 181
Mössbauer Parameters:
Determination and Interpretation
Interpretation and Applications of
Mössbauer Fraction Experiments
Rudi H. Nussbaum*
Portland State College
Portland, Oregon
INTRODUCTION
The Mössbauer fraction of gamma rays emitted or absorbed by
a nucleus bound in a crystal, without a change in the quantum state of
the lattice, is given by [1, 2]
(I)
a thermal average over initial lattice states (il, where k is the wave
vector of the emitted gamma ray (lkl = k = 2TT/A = A-1; I. is the
gamma-ray wavelength) and r is the position vector of the radiating
nucleus. From this it follows that for an atom in a lattice with bar
monie forces [1, 2]
- (x2 ))
f = exp ( i\ = exp(-2 W) (2)
2
where (x2) is the mean square displacement of the atom along the
direction of gamma-ray emission due to its zero-point and thermal
vibrations. Formost expe"rimentally realizable situations, equation (2)
describes the zero-phonon fraction to a high degree of accuracy,
including the case where the emitting or absorbing atom is an im
purity, vibrating in a localized mode, and in the presence of an
harmonic corrections [3, 4, 5, 6]. The exponent 2 W in equation (2)
is the well-known Debye-Waller factor, which also determines the
intensity of X-ray diffraction lines [1, 2].
*On leave 1965-66 at the Physics Department, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington.
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