Table Of Content©EntomologicaFennica. 8 December2006
Morphology of preimaginal stages of Lipara pullitarsis
Doskoéil & Chvéla, 1971 (Diptera: Chloropidae)
— a gall-forming fly in the common reed (Phragmites australis)
MariaGrochowska
Grochowska, M. 2006: Morphologyofpreimaginal stages ofLiparapullitarsis
Doskocil&Chvala, 1971 (Diptera:Chloropidae)—agall-formingflyinthecom-
monreed(Phragmitesaustralis). —Entomol. Fennica 17: 387—393.
AllpreimaginalstagesofLiparapullitarsisaredescribedandillustrated. Thefa-
cialmask, cephaloskeleton, spiracles andlocomotory structuresareconsidered.
Thisisthefirstdescriptionofthefirst-andsecond-instarlarva. Thedescriptions
ofthethird-instarlarva,eggandpupariumareexpanded.Thispaperformsabasis
foracompletedescriptionofthelifehistoryofthis fly.
M. Grochowska, Department ofZoology, Maria Curie—Skiodowska University
Akademicka 19, 20—033 Lablin, Poland; E—mail.‘ [email protected].
lublin.pl
Received5August2005, accepted10November2005
1. Introduction The imagines fly inreedbeds fromMay to July
(Chvalaetal. 1974,Pokorny 1981).Alldevelop-
The genus Lipara consists of 11 species (Nart— mental stages ofL. lacens are known (Ruppolt
shuk 1996), five ofwhich ocuur in Europe: L. 1957, Waitzbauer 1969)butforL.pullitarsis,L.
lacens Meigen 1830,L. similis Schiner 1854, L. rufitarsisandL. Similisonlytheegg, third-instar
rufitarsis Loew 1858, L. pullitarsis Doskocil & larva and puparium have been documented
Chvala1971,L. balticaKarps 1978(Chvalaetal. (Chvalaetal. 1974).
1974,Nartshuk 1984). This paper describes the morphology ofthe
Lipara pullitarsis was described in 1971 previously unknown first— and second-instar
(Doskocil& Chvala 1971). Inearlierpapers, in- larvaofL.pullitarsisandpresentspreviouslyun-
dividuals demonstrating the key features ofL. known structural details ofthe egg, third-instar
pullitarsiswere not separatedfromL. rafitarsis. larvaandthepuparium. Thus, thepapercontains
Bothspecieswereconsideredunderthecommon acomplete description ofthemorphology ofthe
name L. rafitarsis (Ruppolt 1957, Wendt 1968, preimaginal developmental stages of L. palli—
Durska 1970, Doskocil & Chvala 1971). Lipara tarsis.
pullitarsis forms galls inthe apicalpart ofcom-
mon reed stems [Phragmites australis (Cav.)
Trin.] (Doskocil & Chvala 1971, Chvala et al. 2. Material and methods
1974, Skuhravy 1978, Pokomy 1981). It is a
monophagousandunivoltineflythatlayseggson All developmental stages ofL. pullitarsis col-
thesurfaceofcommonreedstems.Thelarvaede- lectedfromtheapicalpartofcommonreedstems
velopamongleafbladesabovethegrowingpoint. were studied. Stems ofcommon reed were col-
388 Groclzowskd *3 ENTOMQL. FENNTCAVol. l7
lected in reed beds in and around the town of
Lublininmid-“easternPolandintheyears l977——- side
l979 and 200lm2004. Fresh stems ofreed were ventral
collected at random in May and June and only
those stems with galls visible in the apical part side
were collected outside ofthis period. The stems -1.~-1....‘3..‘..._. dorsal
were sectioned in the laboratory using a stereo-
scopicmicroscope;thisprocedureyieldedalllar—
val stages and.pupae. Additional firstwinstar larm
vae were obtained by breeding eggs collected
fromstemsofthecommonreedinthefieldorlaid
by females in the laboratory. imagines were
caughtinthefieldusingasweepingnetordevel-
oped.fromlarvaeand.pupaereared.inthelabora-
tory. The flies were reared in Fetri dishes lined 0.025mm
b d
withfilterpaper.
The studymaterial. comprisedof40 eggs, 20 Fig. 'l.Liparapullitarsls,egg.—-—a. Dorsalview.—-—b. La—
firstwinstar larvae, l5 exuviae offirst—instar larva teralview.—--c.Anteriorsection.—--d. Processeson
vae, 20 secondninstar larvae, l2 exuviae ofsec- chbrionsurface, lateralview.
ond—winstar larvae, 20 thirdwinstar larvae, l5 pus-
pae, and20imagines.
Thespecimenschosenfordetailedstudywere Thirdninstarlarvae and imagines were deter—-
maceratedinl0%KOl-lfor24hoursatroomtern- minedaccordingtoChvala.atal. (l9’74l). Theter—
perature, washed in distilled water, cleared in minologyusedinthemorphologicaldescriptions
chloralhydrateandchloralphenol,andpreserved follows Courtney atoi. (2000). Parts bfbody of
in glycerol. Drawings were based on.the micro—- larvae:notincludedinCourtneycttil. (2000) are
scopicpreparations. named according to Nye 0958) and Nartshulr
First—instar larvae were identified during the (l907)
rearing bf individual eggs obtained from L.
pullitorsis females. Second—instar larvae of L.
pallitarsis were identified in a threeustage pro- 3. '
cess. First, all larvae were isolated from stems
collected inMay andlune. Atthe second stage, Egg (Fig. l) is l..08——l.30 mm long, 0.l3—-0.l5
onlylarvaeofLiporawereisolated,andonlysee—- mm wide; length—width ratio 8 : l. Oblong in
bnduinstarlarvaeoff.ptlllitarsiswereisolatedat shape, narrowed androunded at.both ends (Fig.
the thirdphase. The typing bfsecond—instar laru la), curvingarchwlikeventrally (Fig. lb). Dorsal
vae ofL.pallttarstsreliedonthepresence ofthe side black, ventral. side cream-coloured. Broad
followingfeatures: 4....5 lobesontheanteriorspi— longitudinal furrows onthedorsal side(Fig. la),
racle (similar to thirdninstar larvae); numerous, divided by transverse barriers into numerous
conspicuous, large, amber—coloured spinules on polygons (Fig. lc). Surface ofegg finely punc—
theventralsideoftheanteriorpartofthefirstthe-- tated(approx.4-00power)bytheapicesofclosely
raeie segment. Anterior spiracleswith4—6 lbbes spacedrod-likeprocesses coveringthe egg (Fig.
appear under the cuticle bftyped second—instar ld).
larvacjustbeforeeedisisandarealsocharacteris—- First-—instar larva (Fig. 2) is l.33——l.50 mm
tic bfthe third—instar larvae ofthese species. Fi-- long, 0.l3—-—-0.l4 nun in diameter. Body milky—-
nally, typedlarvaewere comparedto exuviae of white,slender,cylindricalin.crossuseetion,poste-
secondwinstarlarvaefound.insidegallsnearthird- riorendwithtwostigmofores(Fig.2a).Abdomi-
instarlarvaeofL.pullttarsis.Alltheotherlarvae nalsegmentsandthirdthoracic segmentequalin
isolatedfromstems inMay andJunewillbe den diameter. Facial mask (Fig. 2b) with a pair of
scribedinfuturepapers. two—segment antennae and bright amber—col—
ENTOMOL. FENNICAVol. 17 ° MorphologyofLidepullitarsis 393
A detailedanalysis ofthemorphology ofalllar- ualofPalaearcticDiptera 1: 857161. ScienceHerald,
val stages ofL. pullitarsis has revealed differ- Budapest. 978pp.
Doskocil, J. & Chvala, M. 1971: A revision ofLipara
ences between individual stages in the structure
Meigen(Diptera,Chloropidae)includingthedescrip—
of antennae, maxillary palpi, frontal palpi, ce- tionofanewspeciesfromEurope.7ActaEntomol.
phaloskeleton,spiracles,andinthetypeandposi- Bohemos. 68(2): 1007107.
tionoflocomotory structures. Durska, B. 1970: Changes inthereed(Phragmitescom-
The first-instar larva ofL. pullitarsis has an munis Trin.) condition causedby diseases offungal
oblong body. The diameters ofabdominal seg- andanimalorigin. 7P01. Arch. Hydrobiol. 17 (30):
3737396.
ments and the third thoracic segment are the Naitshuk,E.P. 1984:FamilyChloropidae.7In:Soos,A.
same. Spiracularhaironposteriorspiraclesareof (ed.), Catalogue ofPalaearctic Diptera 10: 2227366.
equallengthandbranchinabush-likemanner. AkadémiaiKiado. Budapest. 366pp.
The second-instar larva, like the third-instar Nartshuk,E.P. 1987:(Chlorophidflies:theirsystem,evo—
larva,has4—5 lobesonanteriorspiraclesandnu- lutionandrelationswithplants).7Tr.Zool.in—ta136:
17279. [InRussian]
merous, conspicuous, large, amber-colouredspi- Nartshuk,E.P. 1996:(Theplant-phytophagecomplex:the
nulesontheventral, anteriorpartofthefirsttho- caseofthecommonreedandits consumers). 7Zh.
racic segment. ObshchBiol. 57(5): 6287641. [InRussian]
Previousdescriptionsoftheegg(Chvalaetal. Naitshuk,E.P.2002:AdditionsandcorrectionstoChloro—
1974) are now complementedby a characterisa- pidae(Diptera)ofPoland.7Ann.2001.52(2):3197
325.
tion of the microsculpture of the chorion, and
Nye,J. W. B. 1958: Theexternalmorphologyofsomeof
thoseofthepuparium,withadditionaldetailsre- thedipterouslarvaelivingintheGramineaeofBritain.
gardingthe sizeandmicrosculpture. 7Transactions oftheRoyalEntomological Society
Aknowledgeofthemorphologyofallstages ofLondon 110: 4117487.
ofL.pullitarsisishelpfulinidentifyingthis spe- Pokorny, V. 1981: Flies of the genus Lipara. 7 In:
Skuhravy, V. (ed.), Invertebrates andvertebrates at—
cies at different stages ofits natural history and
tackingcommonreedstands(Phragmitescommunis)
providesabasis foracomprehensivedescription inCzechoslovakia:25738.StudieCSAV1,Praha. 113
ofthe life-cycle ofthis fly (Chvala et al. 1974, PP-
Pokomy 1981). Ruppolt,W. 1957: ZurBiologicdercecidogenenDiptere
LiparalucensMeigen(Chloropidae).7Ztschr.Ernst
Moritz Univ. Greifswald, Math—Nat. wissensch.
Acknowledgements. IthankDrLechLechowski forsug-
Reihe6(576): 2797292.
gestions andcomments onthispaper. Specialthanks are
duetoProf.PrzemyslawTrojanforhiscriticismandcon- Skuhravy,V. 1978:Invertebrates:DestroyersofCommon
structivecommentsonmywork. reed.7Ecol. Stud. 28: 3767395.
Tewksbury,L., Casagrande,R.,Blossey,B. &Balme, G.
2004:HerbivoresonPhragmitesinNorthAmerica.7
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