Table Of ContentG62
Varieties of English Around the World
Morpho-Syntactic
Patterns in Spoken
Korean English
Sofia Rüdiger
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Morpho-Syntactic Patterns in Spoken Korean English
Varieties of English Around the World (VEAW)
issn 0172-7362
A monograph series devoted to sociolinguistic research, surveys and
annotated text collections. The VEAW series is divided into two parts: a text
series contains carefully selected specimens of Englishes documenting
the coexistence of regional, social, stylistic and diachronic varieties in a
particular region; and a general series which contains outstanding studies
in the field, collections of papers devoted to one region or written by one
scholar, bibliographies and other reference works.
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Editor
Stephanie Hackert
University of Munich (LMU)
Editorial Board
Manfred Görlach
Cologne
Rajend Mesthrie
University of Cape Town
Peter L. Patrick
University of Essex
Edgar W. Schneider
University of Regensburg
Peter Trudgill
University of Fribourg
Walt Wolfram
North Carolina State University
Volume G62
Morpho-Syntactic Patterns in Spoken Korean English
by Sofia Rüdiger
Morpho-Syntactic Patterns in
Spoken Korean English
Sofia Rüdiger
University of Bayreuth
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam / Philadelphia
TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
8
the American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence
of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984.
doi 10.1075/veaw.g62
Cataloging-in-Publication Data available from Library of Congress:
lccn 2019012300 (print) / 2019019096 (e-book)
isbn 978 90 272 0338 0 (Hb)
isbn 978 90 272 6236 3 (e-book)
© 2019 – John Benjamins B.V.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any
other means, without written permission from the publisher.
John Benjamins Publishing Company · https://benjamins.com
Table of contents
Abbreviations ix
List of tables xi
List of figures xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Transliteration xvii
Chapter 1
Introduction 1
1.1 Aims and objectives of the study 2
1.2 Theoretical and methodological framework 2
1.3 Outline 6
Chapter 2
The language contact situation in Korea 9
2.1 English in Korea 9
2.1.1 Socio-historical background 10
2.1.2 The Korean education system 13
2.1.3 English at the workplace and in business relations 17
2.1.4 English in the media and pop culture 18
2.1.5 The linguistic landscape 22
2.1.6 Personal contacts 22
2.1.7 Language politics in Korea 23
2.1.8 Attitudes towards English 23
2.1.9 ‘English Fever’ 26
2.2 Some characteristics of the Korean language 27
Chapter 3
Theorizing English in South Korea 31
3.1 Previous research on Korean English forms 31
3.2 Users versus learners of English 36
3.3 World Englishes models and Korea 41
3.4 A note on terminology 47
vi Morpho-Syntactic Patterns in Spoken Korean English
Chapter 4
Methodology and participants 49
4.1 Research questions 49
4.2 Written and spoken language research 50
4.3 The data collection process and the SPOKE corpus 52
4.3.1 The cuppa coffee approach 52
4.3.2 Corpus overview and description 56
4.3.3 The participants 60
4.4 Other corpora consulted and analytical tools used 65
4.5 Selection of morpho-syntactic patterns for investigation 67
Chapter 5
Morpho-syntactic patterns of spoken English in Korea 69
5.1 Nouns 69
5.1.1 Countability – Non-count nouns in English and in Korean 69
5.1.2 Minus-plural marking 73
5.1.3 Discussion 84
5.2 Pronouns 91
5.2.1 Pronouns in English and Korean 92
5.2.2 Personal pronoun frequencies in the SPOKE corpus 95
5.2.3 Minus-pronouns in the SPOKE corpus 98
5.2.4 Discussion 108
5.3 Articles 111
5.3.1 Articles in English and in Korean 112
5.3.2 Article frequencies in the SPOKE corpus 113
5.3.3 The definite article 116
5.3.4 The indefinite article 131
5.3.5 Discussion 133
5.4 Prepositions 138
5.4.1 Prepositions in English and in Korean 139
5.4.2 Frequencies of simple prepositions in the SPOKE corpus 143
5.4.3 A note on word order 169
5.4.4 Discussion 169
5.5 Verbs 174
5.5.1 The verb systems of English and Korean 174
5.5.2 Minus-verbs in the SPOKE corpus 175
5.5.3 Discussion 185
Table of contents vii
Chapter 6
Discussion 191
6.1 Morpho-syntactic patterns of spoken Korean(ized) English 191
6.2 Implications and outlook 198
Chapter 7
Conclusion 201
References 205
Appendix: Transcription conventions 225
Index 227
Abbreviations
asean Association of Southeast Asian ice International Corpus of English
Nations kaist Korean Advanced Institute of
belf Business English as a Lingua Science and Technology
Franca katusa Korean Augmentation to the
bnc British National Corpus United States Army
claws Constituent Likelihood l1 first language
Automatic Word-tagging System l2 second language
cmc computer-mediated communica- mct Ministry of Culture and Tourism
tion obj object
coca Corpus of Contemporary pl plural
American English
pos part of speech
efl English as a foreign language
pst past tense
eif Extra- and Intra-Territorial
sb Santa Barbara (Corpus of Spoken
Forces (Model)
American English)
elf English as a Lingua Franca
sla second language acquisition
enl English as a native language
sbj subject
epik English Program in Korea
spoke Spoken Corpus of Korean English
esl English as a second language
top topic marker
ewave The Electronic World Atlas of
we World Englishes
Varieties of English
