Table Of ContentMolecular Mechanism-Prelims.qxd 1/13/2006 11:54 AM Page i
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS
IN HYPERTENSION
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MOLECULAR MECHANISMS
IN HYPERTENSION
Editors
Richard N Re
MD FACP FAHA
Scientific Director, Division of Research
Head, Hypertension Division
Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
Donald J DiPette
MD FACP FAHA
Chairman and Professor, Department of Medicine and
Dr A. Ford Wolf & Brooksie Nell Boyd Wolf
Centennial Chair of Medicine
Scott and White
The Texas A&M University
System Health Science Center College of Medicine
Temple, TX, USA
Ernesto L Schiffrin
MD PhD FRCPC FACP FAHA
Physician-in-Chief and Chair, Department of Medicine,
Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital and
Canada Research Chair and Director, Vascular and
Hypertension Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research,
Professor, Department of Medicine, McGill University
Montréal, Quebec, Canada
James R Sowers
MD FACP FACE FAHA
Associate Dean, Clinical Research
Director, MU Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center
Professor, Internal Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology
Department of Internal Medicine
University of Missouri
Columbia, MO, USA
CRC Press
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Contents
List of contributors....................................................................................................................................... ix
Preface.......................................................................................................................................................... xv
PART I
1. Molecular aspects of the renal renin-angiotensin system...................................................................... 3
L Gabriel Navar, Minolfa C Prieto-Carrasquero, Hiroyuki Kobori
2. Angiotensin signaling in hypertension.................................................................................................. 15
Jing Pan, Kenneth M Baker
3. Angiotensin AT receptors.................................................................................................................... 25
1
Lula L Hilenski, Kathy K Griendling, R Wayne Alexander
4. The angiotensin type 2 (AT) receptor in cardiovascular and renal regulation..................................... 41
2
Robert M Carey
5. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2: a potential target for cardiovascular therapy.................................. 51
Patricia E Gallagher, E Ann Tallant, Carlos M Ferrario
6. The biology of angiotensin II (formation, metabolism, fragments, measurement)................................ 61
Duncan J Campbell
7. Pro(renin) receptors: their functional properties................................................................................... 69
Geneviève Nguyen, AH Jan Danser, Celine A Burckle, Michael Bader, Dominik N Muller
8. Brain renin-angiotensin system: focus on transgenic animal models..................................................... 75
Natalia Alenina, Ovidiu Baltatu, Michael Bader
9. The adrenal renin-angiotensin system................................................................................................... 85
Jörg Peters
10. The cardiac renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in hypertension and heart failure............................ 91
Walmor C De Mello
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vi MOLECULAR MECHANISMS IN HYPERTENSION
11. Intracrine mechanisms in hypertension................................................................................................. 97
Julia L Cook, Richard N Re
12. Nonmodulators and essential hypertension.......................................................................................... 109
Norman K Hollenberg, Gordon H Williams
13. Primary aldosteronism.......................................................................................................................... 113
Elise P Gomez-Sanchez, Celso E Gomez-Sanchez
14. Mineralcorticoid hypertension.............................................................................................................. 123
Nathaniel Winer
15. Pathophysiologic effects of aldosterone in cardiovascular tissues......................................................... 133
Ricardo Rocha, Gordon H Williams
PART II
16. Endothelins: molecular mechanisms in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases................................ 141
Gian Paolo Rossi, Achille Cesare Pessina
17. Role of vascular endothelin in hypertension......................................................................................... 155
Ernesto L Schiffrin
18. Molecular effects of vasopressin, thyroid hormones,
parathyroid hormone, and growth hormone on blood pressure........................................................... 163
Alan Sacerdote, Surender Arora, Karolina Weiss, Tri Tran, Marina Goikhberg, Samy I McFarlane
19. Vasopressin receptors: molecular mechanisms in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases................. 173
Marc Thibonnier
20. Neuropeptide Y, calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide and adrenomedullin................................. 183
Tatsuo Shimosawa, Toshiro Fujita, Ralph Watson, Scott Supowit, Donald J DiPette
21. Leptin and obesity-associated hypertension.......................................................................................... 191
Alexei V Agapitov, William G Haynes
22. Molecular aspects of the natruireic peptide system............................................................................... 199
David G Gardner, Songcang Chen, Dolkun Rahmutula, Feng Wang, Keith Olsen
23. Vascular growth mechanisms in hypertension...................................................................................... 211
Haruhiko Ohtsu, Satoru Eguchi
24. The adrenal medulla in hypertension.................................................................................................... 217
Ryan S Friese, Fangwen Rao, Daniel T O’Connor
25. Clinical characteristics of pheochromocytoma...................................................................................... 225
William F Young Jr
26. Microarray analysis models of hypertension........................................................................................ 233
Henry L Keen, Curt D Sigmund
27. Genetics of huma essential hypertension – from single mutations to quantitative trait loci.................. 241
Maciej Tomaszewski, Nick JR Brain, Fadi J Charchar, Anna F Dominiczak
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CONTENTS vii
PART III
28. Nitric oxide: molecular mechanisms in hypertension and cardiovascular disease................................. 251
Ivonne Hernandez Schulman, Ming-Sheng Zhou, Leopoldo Raij
29. Molecular regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase.................................................................... 261
Mariela Garcia Blanes, Jean-Philippe Gratton
30. Molecular mechanisms of myocardial remodeling in hypertensive heart disease.................................. 269
Javier Diez
31. Apoptosis: molecular mechanisms in hypertension............................................................................... 275
Taben M Hale, David Duguay, Denis deBlois
32. Na,K-ATPase inhibitors in hypertension.............................................................................................. 291
John M Hamlyn
33. Oxidative events in cell and vascular biology....................................................................................... 297
David G Harrison, Sergey Dikalov
34. Oxidative stress in hypertension........................................................................................................... 321
Rhian M Touyz
35. Inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension: molecular mechanisms................................. 335
Tetsuya Matoba, Bradford C Berk
36. Biological effects of salt loading........................................................................................................... 343
Edward D Frohlich, Jasmina Varagic
37. The renal dopamine system: paracrine regulator of salt sensitivity and blood pressure........................ 351
Robert M Carey, Robin A Felder, Pedro A Jose
38. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus...................................................................................................... 361
Brian S Pavey, John Palmer, James R Sowers, Craig S Stump
39. Critical role of dyslipidemia and angiotensin II in atherogenesis.......................................................... 375
Jawahar L Mehta
40. Molecular mechanisms in obesity hypertension: focus on the renin-angiotensin system
and the sympathetic nervous system..................................................................................................... 385
Dalila B Corry, Michael L Tuck
41. Obesity and hypertension: a clinical update......................................................................................... 397
Gurushankar Govindarajan, Adam Whaley-Connell, James R Sowers
42. Mechanisms of sex differences in hypertension.................................................................................... 407
Virginia Huxley, Meredith Hay
Index............................................................................................................................................................ 415
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Contributors
Alexei V Agapitov MD Ovidiu Baltatu MD PhD
General Clinical Research Center Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular
Carver College of Medicine Medicine (MDC)
University of Iowa Berlin-Buch, Germany
Iowa City, IA, USA
Bradford C Berk MD PhD
Natalia Alenina PhD Chairman, Department of Medicine
Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Director, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI)
Berlin-Buch, Germany University of Rochester
Rochester, NY, USA
R Wayne Alexander MDPhD
Division of Cardiology Mariela Garcia Blanes BSc
Department of Medicine Endothelial Cell Biology Research Unit
Emory University School of Medicine Clinical Research Institute of Montreal
Atlanta, GA, USA (IRCM)
Université de Montréal
Surender Arora MD Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension
SUNY-Downstate Nick JR Brain
Kings County Hospital and Woodhul Hospital British Heart Foundation Glasgow
Brooklyn, New York, NY, USA Cardiovascular Research Centre
University of Glasgow Western
Michael Bader PhD Infirmary
Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Glasgow, UK
Berlin-Buch, Germany
Celine A Burckle MD
Kenneth M Baker MD GN and CAB: Inserm U36
Division of Molecular Cardiology Collège de France
Cardiovascular Research Institute Paris, France
The Texas A&M University System Health
Science Center Duncan J Campbell MD PhD
College of Medicine St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research
Temple, TX, USA Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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x MOLECULAR MECHANISMS IN HYPERTENSION
Robert M Carey MD MACP Sergey Dikalov PhD
David A. Harrison III Distinguished Professor Cardiology Division
of Medicine Department of Medicine
Dean, Emeritus, and University Professor Emory University School of Medicine and
University of Virginia School of Medicine Atlanta Veterans Administration Hospital
University of Virginia HealthSystem Atlanta, GA, USA
Charlottesville, VA, USA
Donald J DiPette MD FACP FAHA
Fadi J Charchar PhD Chairman and Professor, Department of Medicine and
British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Dr A. Ford Wolf & Brooksie Nell Boyd Wolf
Research Centre Centennial Chair of Medicine
University of Glasgow Western Infirmary Scott and White
Glasgow, UK The Texas A&M University System Health
Science Center College of Medicine
Songcang Chen MD Temple, TX, USA
Department of Medicine and Diabetes Center
University of California at San Francisco Anna F Dominiczak OBE MD FRCP FRSE FMedSci
San Francisco, CA, USA British Heart Foundation Professor of
Cardiovascular Medicine
Julia L Cook PhD Director, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre
Co-Director of Molecular Genetics Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences
Ochsner Clinic Foundation Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
Division of Research
New Orleans, LA, USA David Duguay BSc
Department of Pharmacology
Dalila B Corry MD Faculté de Médecine
Chief Nephrology and Hypertension Université de Montréal CP
Division Olive View-UCLA Medical Center Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Professor of Clinical Medicine
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Satoru Eguchi MD PhD
Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Physiology
Cardiovascular Research Center
AH Jan Danser PhD Temple University School of Medicine
Department of Pharmacology Philadelphia, PA, USA
Erasmus MC
Rotterdam, The Netherlands Robin A Felder PhD
Professor of Pathology
Denis deBlois PhD University of Virginia School of Medicine
Department of Pharmacology University of Virginia Health System
Faculté de Médecine Charlottesville, VA, USA
Université de Montréal
Montréal, Quebec, Canada Carlos M Ferrario MD
The Hypertension and Vascular Disease Center
Walmor C De Mello MD PhD Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Professor and Chairman Medical Center Boulevard
Pharmacology & Toxicology Department Winston-Salem, NC, USA
School of Medicine University of Puerto Rico
San Juan, PR, USA Ryan S Friese MS
Graduate Student
Javier Diez MD PhD Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine
Área de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular University of California, San Diego
CIMA Palade Cellular and Molecular Medicine West
Pamplona, Spain La Jolla, CA, USA
