Molecular Biomineralization: Aquatic Organisms Forming Extraordinary Materials

416 Pages·2011·10.67 MB·English

by  Jens Baumgartner

Progress in Molecular and
Subcellular Biology
Series Editors Werner E.G. Mu¨ller
52
Philippe Jeanteur, Robert E. Rhoads, Ðurðica Ugarkovic´,
Ma´rcio Reis Custo´dio
Volumes Published in the Series
ProgressinMolecular Subseries:
andSubcellularBiology MarineMolecularBiotechnology
Volume35 Volume37
RNATraffickingandNuclearStructure Sponges(Porifera)
Dynamics W.E.G.Mu¨ller(Ed.)
Ph.Jeanteur(Ed.)
Volume39
Volume36 Echinodermata
VirusesandApoptosis V.Matranga(Ed.)
C.Alonso(Ed.)
Volume42
Volume38 AntifoulingCompounds
EpigeneticsandChromatin N.FusetaniandA.S.Clare(Eds.)
Ph.Jeanteur(Ed.)
Volume43
Volume40 Molluscs
DevelopmentalBiologyofNeoplastic G.CiminoandM.Gavagnin(Eds.)
Growth
Volume46
A.Macieira-Coelho(Ed.)
MarineToxinsasResearchTools
Volume41 N.FusetaniandW.Kem(Eds.)
MolecularBasisofSymbiosis
Volume47
J.Overmann(Ed.)
BiosilicainEvolution,Morphogenesis,
Volume44 andNanobiotechnology
AlternativeSplicingandDisease W.E.G.Mu¨llerandM.A.Grachev(Eds.)
Ph.Jeanteur(Ed.)
Volume45
AsymmetricCellDivision
A.MacieiraCoelho(Ed.)
Volume48
Centromere
Ðurd-icaUgarkovic´(Ed.)
Volume49
Aestivation
C.A.NavasandJ.E.Carvalho(Eds.)
Volume50
miRNARegulationoftheTranslational
Machinery
R.E.Rhoads(Ed.)
Volume51
LongNon-CodingRNAs
Ðurd-icaUgarkovic(Ed.)
Volume52
MolecularBiomineralization
W.E.G.Mu¨ller(Ed.)
Werner E.G. Mu¨ller
Editor
Molecular Biomineralization
Aquatic Organisms Forming Extraordinary
Materials
Editor
Prof.Dr.WernerE.G.Mu¨ller
Universita¨tMainz
InstituteforPhysiologicalChemistry
UniversityMedicalCenterofthe
JohannesGutenbergUniversityMainz
Duesbergweg6
55128Mainz
Germany
[email protected]
ISSN0079-6484
ISBN978-3-642-21229-1 e-ISBN978-3-642-21230-7
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-21230-7
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011936517
# Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011
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Preface
Living beings, in particular aquatic organisms are capable of synthesizing a high
diversityofbiominerals,rangingfromsilica,calciumcarbonate,calciumphosphate
to metallic, e.g. iron oxide, biominerals. Some of these biominerals, e.g. calcium
carbonate, can be present in various phases, regulated by certain organic macro-
molecules,andtheyarefoundbothinprokaryoticandeukaryoticorganisms.This
bookoftheseriesProgressinMolecularandSubcellularBiologygivesasurveyon
the most recent developments in the field of Molecular Biomineralization high-
lighting the importance and the mechanisms of this process occurring at the
interfacebetweentheinorganicandtheorganicworld.
PartIonMetallicBiomineralsdescribesthesurprisingabilityofcertainbacteria
(magnetotactic bacteria) to biomineralize magnetic crystals in their “magneto-
somes”, the synthesis of ferric oxide biominerals in protein (ferritin) nanocages,
theoxidationofmanganesebybacteria,aswellasthecontributionofmicroorgan-
isms to the biogenic formation of mineral deposits in manganese nodules and
seamount crusts. Part II on Biocalcium illustrates the molecular mechanisms of
formation ofcalcium-based biominerals, including the calciumcarbonate precipi-
tation by bacteria and the formation of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate
biomineralsinavarietyofaquatic(invertebrateandvertebrate)organisms.Special
emphasis is on the role of organic matrix proteins in the biomineralization of the
Echinodermcalciteendoskeletonandtheroleofskeletogenicgenesintheregula-
tionofbiocalcificationinseaurchin.ThemainfocusofPartIIIonBiosilicaison
the unique enzyme, silicatein, which forms the biosilica skeleton of the siliceous
sponges (demosponges and hexactinellids). The extraordinary properties of this
biomaterial,aninorganic-organicnanocompositewiththecapabilityof“bio-sinter-
ing”,butalsoitsbioactivity,inparticularitsabilitytostimulatebonehydroxyapa-
tite formation and to modulate the expression of certain cytokines involved in
pathogenesis of osteoporosis have attracted increasing interest in its possible
applicationinnanotechnologyandnanobiomedicine.PartIVonNacrewillattract
the attention of the reader on the intriguing function of matrix proteins in the
calcificationanddecalcificationofthehardcuticleinCrustaceans.Themostrecent
v
vi Preface
researchadvancesintheformationofmolluscanshellnacreouslayers,thecontrol
of the nucleation and growth of aragonitic crystals as well as the function of
extracellular matrix macromolecules in these biomineralization processes will be
delineated.
Thisbookhopestocontributetoourpresentunderstandingoftheroleoforganic
proteins and matrices in skeletal formation, one fundamental process of life, and
biogenicmineraldepositioninaqueousenvironmentsasabaseforthebiomimetic
design of novel functional materials for future biotechnological and biomedical
applications.
WernerE.G.Mu¨ller
HeinzC.Schro¨der
InstituteforPhysiologicalChemistry
UniversityMedicalCenteroftheJohannesGutenberg
UniversityMainz
Contents
PartI MetallicBiominerals
1 MagnetiteBiomineralizationinBacteria ............................... 3
JensBaumgartnerandDamienFaivre
2 Maxi-andMini-Ferritins:MineralsandProteinNanocages ........ 29
LoesE.BeversandElizabethC.Theil
3 ManganeseOxidationbyBacteria:BiogeochemicalAspects ......... 49
P.P.SujithandP.A.LokaBharathi
4 MolecularBiomineralization:TowardanUnderstanding
oftheBiogenicOriginofPolymetallicNodules,Seamount
Crusts,andHydrothermalVents ....................................... 77
XiaohongWang,MatthiasWiens,HeinzC.Schro¨der,
UteSchloßmacher,andWernerE.G.Mu¨ller
PartII Biocalcium
5 MolecularBasisofBacterialCalciumCarbonatePrecipitation .... 113
BrunellaPeritoandGiorgioMastromei
6 PrinciplesofCalcium-BasedBiomineralization ...................... 141
QinglingFeng
7 MolecularAspectsofBiomineralizationoftheEchinoderm
Endoskeleton ............................................................ 199
P.U.P.A.GilbertandFredH.Wilt
vii
viii Contents
8 EchinodermsasBlueprintsforBiocalcification:
RegulationofSkeletogenicGenesandMatrices ...................... 225
ValeriaMatranga,RosaBonaventura,CaterinaCosta,
KonstantinosKarakostis,AnnalisaPinsino,RobertaRusso,
andFrancescaZito
PartIII Biosilica–anditsApplication
9 TheUniqueInventionoftheSiliceousSponges:
TheirEnzymaticallyMadeBio-SilicaSkeleton ....................... 251
WernerE.G.Mu¨ller,XiaohongWang,AilinChen,
ShixueHu,LuGan,HeinzC.Schro¨der,UteSchloßmacher,
andMatthiasWiens
10 Biosilica-BasedStrategiesforTreatmentofOsteoporosis
andOtherBoneDiseases ............................................... 283
HeinzC.Schro¨der,MatthiasWiens,XiaohongWang,
UteSchloßmacher,andWernerE.G.Mu¨ller
PartIV Nacre
11 StructureandFunctionofMatrixProteinsandPeptides
intheBiomineralFormationinCrustaceans ......................... 315
HiromichiNagasawa
12 MolecularApproachestoUnderstandBiomineralization
ofShellNacreousLayer ................................................ 331
Li-pingXie,Fang-jieZhu,Yu-juanZhou,ChaoYang,
andRong-qingZhang
13 AcidicShellProteinsoftheMediterranean
FanMusselPinnanobilis ............................................... 353
Fre´de´ricMarin,PrabakaranNarayanappa,
andSe´bastienMotreuil
Index .......................................................................... 397
Contributors
P.A.LokaBharathi NationalInstituteofOceanography(CouncilofScientificand
IndustrialResearch),DonaPaula,Goa,India
JensBaumgartner DepartmentofBiomaterials,MaxPlanckInstituteofColloids
andInterfaces,Potsdam,Germany
Loes E. Bevers Council for BioIron, CHORI (Children’s Hospital Oakland
ResearchInstitute),Oakland,CA,USA
Rosa Bonaventura Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina
eImmunologiaMolecolare“AlbertoMonroy”,Palermo,Italy
Ailin Chen Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of
theJohannesGutenbergUniversityMainz,Mainz,Germany;YunnanKeyLabora-
toryforPalaeobiology,YunnanUniversity,Kunming,China
Caterina Costa Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina
eImmunologiaMolecolare“AlbertoMonroy”,Palermo,Italy
DamienFaivre DepartmentofBiomaterials,MaxPlanckInstituteofColloidsand
Interfaces,Potsdam,Germany
Qingling Feng Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua
University,Beijing,China
LuGan YunnanInstituteofGeologicalSciences,Kunming,China
P.U.P.A. Gilbert Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison,
Madison,WI,USA
ix