Modification of a single-solvent-based gravure ink for enhance wettability and substrate adhesion

110 Pages·2016·2.52 MB·English

by  Wiphut Janjomsuke

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Theses
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Wiphut Janjomsuke
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Janjomsuke, Wiphut, "Modification of a single-solvent-based gravure ink for enhance wettability and
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Modification ofa single-solvent-based gravure ink
for enhance wettability and substrate adhesion
By
Wiphut Janjomsuke
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment ofthe
requirementfor the degree ofMaster of Science inthe
School ofPrintMedia in the College
ofImaging Arts and Science ofthe
Rochester Institute ofTechnology
May 2005
Thesis Advisors: Professor Scott A. Williams
Professor Mary Anne Evans
School of Print Media
Rochester Institute of Technology
Rochester, New York
Certificate of Approval
Master's Thesis Proposal
This is to certify that the Master's Thesis of
has been approved by the Thesis Committee as satisfactory
for the thesis requirement for the Master of Science degree
at the convocation of
Thesis Committee:
Scott A. Williams
Primary Thesis Advisor
Mary Anne Evans
Secondary Thesis Advisor
Thesis Consultant
Twyla J. Cummings
Graduate Thesis Coordinator
Twyla J. Cummings
Graduate Program Coordinator
Patricia Sorce
Chair, SPM
Title of thesis:
Modification of a single-solvent-based gravure ink for enhance wettability and substrate
adhesion
I, Wiphut Janjomsuke, hereby grant permission to the Wallace Memorial Library of
R.I. T. to reproduce my thesis in whole or in part. Any reproduction will not be for
commercial use or profit.
Date:
Wiphut Janjomsuke
Signature:
Acknowledgements
I sincerely appreciate the efforts ofthose who helped me with this thesis. I would
like to thankthe following persons for their time, help, and patience with this thesis.
Dr. ScottA. Williams, fortechnical advice and helping in experimental planning;
Dr. Twyla Cummings and Dr. Mary Anne Evans, for technical advice, and Mr. Daniel
Clark ofthe Printing Application Laboratory for advice and helping in laboratory
equipment.
in
Table ofContents
List ofTables vii
List ofFigures VU1
Abstract x
1
Chapter 1 Introduction
-
4
Chapter 2- Theoretical Basis ofStudy
4
2.1 Surface Tension
5
2.2 Contact Angle
9
2.3 Viscosity
10
NewtonianViscosity
n
2.4 Ink Setting
12
Chapter 3 - Review ofLiterature
12
3.1 Introduction
Gravure Printing Process - What is Gravure? 12
14
History of Gravure
15
3 Gravure Ink
.2
3.2.1 Classification ofGravure Inks 16
Publication Gravure Inks 16
Packaging and Product Gravure Inks 17
18
3 Ink Components
.2.2
i8
Colorants
21
Vehicles
23
Additives
24
Solvents
3.2.3 InkTransfer and Drying Mechanisms 26
3.2.4 Single Solvent-based Gravure Ink 28
3.2.5 Surface Active Agents 29
iv
31
Chapter 4- Statement ofthe Research
32
Chapter 5 Methodology
-
32
5 1 Introduction
.
33
5.2 Ink Preparation
5.3 Characterization ofthe Physical Properties 33
Surface Energy Measurement 34
Contact Angle Measurement 35
Viscosity Measurement 37
Drawdown Test 37
Adhesion Test 38
5.4 Ink Formulation Modifications 39
The Effect ofInkTemperature 40
Surface Tension Modifications 41
41
Press Run Analysis
43
5.5 Data Analysis
44
5.6 Experiment Limitations
45
Chapter 6 - The Results
45
6.1 InkComponentExperiments
46
Water and Propanol
Ethyl Acetate and Nitrocellulose 49
Ethyl Acetate and Dioctyl Phthalate 51
Ethyl Acetate and Isopropanol Acetate 53
Summary ofthe Ink Component Experiments 56
57
6.2 Ink Formulation Experiments
58
Ink Preparation
59
Physical Properties
59
Surface Tension
60
Viscosity
61
Contact Angle
The Effect ofTemperature 62
The Effect ofPigmentType 64
66
Adhesion
Drawdown Test 66
Dots-on-substrate Test 67
Ink-on-inkTest 69
Summary ofthe Ink Formulation Experiments 71
6.3 Surface Tension Modification '3
Summary ofthe SurfaceTension Modification 80
81
6.4 Press Run Analysis
88
Chapter 7 - Summary and Conclusions
y3
Glossary
"5
Bibliography
vi
List ofTables
Table 5.1. Single solvent-based ink components 33
40
Table 5.2. Inkformulations
Table 6.1. Summary ofthe ink component experiments 56
Table 6.2. Substrate and chemical components surface tension 57
Table 6.3. Inkformulation surface tension at different pigments and solvents 59
Table 6.4. Inks viscosity at differenttypes ofsolvents and pigments 60
Table 6.5. Ink contact angle at differenttypes of solvents and pigments 61
Table 6.6. Drawdown adhesion test at different types of solvents and pigments 66
Table 6.7. Dot adhesion test at differenttypes of solvents and pigments 68
Table 6.8. Ink-on-inkTest (cyan pigment) 69
Table 6.9. Ink-on-inkTest (black pigment) 70
Table 6.10. Summary on the Ink FormulationExperiments 72
Table 6.11. Surface active agent information 74
Table 6.12 Black ethyl acetate ink with differentkinds ofadditives 77
Table 6.13 New inkformulations dot area analysis 86
vn
List ofFigures
5
Figure 2.1. Contact angle
Figure 2.2. Adhesion and cohesion ratio '
10
Figure 2.3. A concentric viscometer
Figure 3.1. Phthalocyanine molecule structures (Copper Phthalocyanine) 19
Figure 3.2. Nitrocellulose or Cellulose Nitrate molecule structure 22
25
Figure 3.3. Toluene and Xylene molecule structure
Figure 3.4. Ethyl Acetate Molecule Structure 26
35
Figure 5.1. Fisher Scientific surface tensiometer
36
Figure 5.2. Contact angle measurement
37
Figure 5.3. Brookfield digital viscometer
42
Figure 5.4. Gravure proofing press
42
Figure 5.5. Engraved gravure cylinder
Figure 5.6. IT 8.7/3 test target (black) 43
Figure 6.1. Relation between the percentage ofIso-propanol
46
and surface tension
48
Figure 6.2. Adsorption ofsurface-active molecules
Figure 6.3. Relation between percentage ofNitrocellulose in ethyl acetate and
49
surface tension
vin