Table Of ContentEDITORIAL BOARD
Jiri Cizek (Waterloo, Canada)
David P. Craig (Canberra, Australia)
Raymond Daudel (Paris, France)
Ernst R. Davidson (Bloomington, Indiana)
Inga Fischer-Hjalmars (Stockholm, Sweden)
Kenichi Fukui (Kyoto, Japan)
George G. Hall (Nottingham, England)
Jan Linderberg (Aarhus, Denmark)
Frederick A. Matsen (Austin, Texas)
Roy McWeeney (Pisa, Italy)
William H. Miller (Berkeley, California)
Keiji Morokuma (Okazaki, Japan)
Joseph Paldus (Waterloo, Canada)
Ruben Pauncz (Haifa, Israel)
Siegrid Peyerimhoff (Bonn, Germany)
John A. Pople (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)
Alberte Pullman (Paris, France)
Pekka Pyykko (Helsinki, Finland)
Leo Radom (Canberra, Australia)
Klaus Ruedenberg (Ames, Iowa)
Henry F. Schaefer I11 (Athens, Georgia)
Isaiah Shavitt (Columbus, Ohio)
Per Siegbahn (Stockholm, Sweden)
Au-Chin Tang (Kirin, Changchun, China)
Rudolf Zahradnik (Prague, Czech Republic)
ADVISORY EDITORIAL BOARD
David M. Bishop (Ottawa, Canada)
Giuseppe del Re (Naples, Italy)
Fritz Grein (Fredericton, Canada)
Mu Shik Jhon (Seoul, Korea)
Me1 Levy (New Orleans, Louisiana)
Jens Oddershede (Odense, Denmark)
Mark Ratner (Evanston, Illinois)
Dennis R. Salahub (Montreal, Canada)
Hare1 Weinstein (New York, New York)
Robert E. Wyatt (Austin, Texas)
Tokio Yamabe (Kyoto, Japan)
ADVANCES IN
QUANTUM CHEMISTRY
MODERN TRENDS IN NOMIC PHYSICS
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
PER-OLOV LOWDIN
PROFESSOR EMERITUS
DEPARTMENT OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY AND QUANTUM THEORY PROJECT
UPPSALA UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
UPPSALA, SWEDEN GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA
EDITORS
JOHN R. SABIN
MICHAEL C. ZERNER ERKKI BaNDAS
QUANTUM THEORY PROJECT DEPARTMENT OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA UPPSALA UNIVERSITY
GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA UPPSALA, SWEDEN
GUEST EDITORS
DAG HANSTORP HANS PERSSON
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
GOTEBORG UNIVERSITY GOTEBORG UNIVERSITY
GOTEBORG, SWEDEN GOTEBORG, SWEDEN
VOLUME 30
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Contributors
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors’ contributions
begin.
J. Anton (273), Fachbereich Physik, Universitat Kassel, D-34209 Kassel,
Germany
H. W. Baldauf (65), Max-Planck-Institut fur Quantenoptik and Sektion Physik
der Universitat, Munchen, 85748 Garching, Germany
Barun Bandyopadhyay ( 163), Department of Physical Chemistry, Indian As-
sociation for the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta 700032, India
T. Beier (1 25), Institut fur Theoretische Physik, Technische Universitat Dresden,
D-0 1062 Dresden, Germany
J. C. Bergquist (41), Ion Storage Group, Time and Frequency Division, NIST,
Boulder, Colorado 80303
D. Berkeland (41), Ion Storage Group, Time and Frequency Division, NIST,
Boulder, Colorado 80303
U. Berzinsh (283, 31 l), Department of Physics, Lund Institute of Technology,
S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
J. J. Bollinger (41), Ion Storage Group, Time and Frequency Division, NIST,
Boulder, Colorado 80303
Tomas Brage (301), Department of Physics, University of Lund, S-223 62
Lund, Sweden
Barnali Datta (163), Department of Physical Chemistry, Indian Association for
the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta 700032, India
T. Eichler (65), Max-Planck-Institut fur Quantenoptik and Sektion Physik der
Universitat, Munchen, 85748 Garching, Germany
Curt Ekstrom (361), The Svedberg Laboratory, Box 533, S-751 21 Uppsala,
Sweden
B. Fricke (273), Fachbereich Physik, Universitat Kassel, D-34209 Kassel,
Germany
M. E. J. Friese (469), Department of Physics, The University of Queensland,
Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
M. Greiner (123, Institut fur Theoretische Physik, Technische Universitat Dres-
den, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
ix
X CONTRIBUTORS
Walter Greiner (1 95), Theoretische Physik, Universitat Frankfurt, D-60054,
Frankfurt/Main, Germany
Martin G. H. Gustavsson (343), Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg
University, Department of Experimental Physics, Atomic and Molecular Phys-
ics Groups, Fysikgrand 3, S-412 96 Goteborg, Sweden
G. Haefller (31 l), Department of Physics, Goteborg University and Chalmers
University of Technology, S-412 96, Goteborg, Sweden
Dag Hanstorp (31 I), Department of Physics, Goteborg University and Chal-
mers University of Technology, S-412 96 Goteborg, Sweden
N. R. Heckenberg (469), Department of Physics, The University of Queensland,
Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
S. R. Helmfrid (65), Max-Planck-Institut fur Quantenoptik and Sektion Physik
der Universitat, Miinchen, 85748 Garching, Germany
J. T. Hoffges (65), Max-Planck-Institut fur Quantenoptik and Sektion Physik
der Universitat, Munchen, 85748 Garching, Germany
Vernon W. Hughes (99), Yale University, Physics Department, New Haven,
Connecticut 06520
W. M. Itano (41), NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80303
B. E. King (41), NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80303
I. Yu. Kiyan (3 1 I), Department of Physics, Goteborg University and Chalmers
University of Technology, S-412 96, Goteborg, Sweden
A. E. Klinkmiiller (31 l), Department of Physics, Goteborg University and
Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 Goteborg, Sweden
P. Kurpick (273), Fachbereich Physik, Universitat Kassel, D-34209 Kassel,
Germany
Leonti Labzowsky (393), St. Petersburg State University, Department of Phys-
ics, St. Petersburg, Russia
D. Leibfried (41), Ion Storage Group, NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80303
U. Ljungblad (3 1 l), Department of Physics, Goteborg University and Chalmers
University of Technology, S-412 96 Goteborg, Sweden
Per-Olov Lowdin (415 ), Department of Quantum Chemistry, Uppsala Univer-
sitet, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden; and Florida Quantum Theory Project, De-
partment of Physics and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
32611-8435
Uttam Sinha Mahapatra (163), Department of Physical Chemistry, Indian As-
sociation for the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta 700032, India
Ann-Marie MPrtensson-Pendrill (343), Department of Physics, Goteborg
University, and Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 Goteborg,
Sweden
Indrek Martinson (301), Department of Physics, University of Lund, S-223 62
Lund, Sweden
D. M. Meekhof (41), NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80303
J. Miller (41), NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80303
CONTRIBUTORS xi
Peter J. Mohr (77), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithers-
burg, Maryland 20899-0001
C. Monroe (41), NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80303
D. Mukherjee (163), Department of Physical Chemistry, Indian Association for
the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta 700032, India
T. A. Nieminen (469), Department of Physics, The University of Queensland,
Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
Carl Nording (l), Department of Physics, Uppsala University, S-751 21 Uppsala,
Sweden
D. J. Pegg (311), Department of Physics, Goteborg University, and Chalmers
University of Technology, S-412 96 Goteborg, Sweden
L. R. Pendrill (443,S wedish National Testing & Research Institute, S-501 14
Boris, Sweden
J. R. Persson (333, School of Physics and Space Research, The University of
Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B 15 2TT, United Kingdom
Hans Persson (125,379), Department of Physics, Goteborg University, and Chal-
mers University of Technology, S-412 96 Goteborg, Sweden
William D. Phillips (19), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gai-
thersburg, Maryland 20899
G. Plunien (123, Institut fur Theoretische Physik, Technische Universitat Dres-
den, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
Norman F. Ramsey (3,L yman Physics Laboratory, Harvard University, Cam-
bridge, Massachusetts 0213 8
L. Robertson (445), Swedish National Testing & Research Institute, S-501 14
Boris, Sweden
Arne RosCn (235), Department of Physics, Goteborg University, and Chalmers
University of Technology, S-412 96 Goteborg, Sweden
H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop (469), Department of Physics, The University of
Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
Sten Salomonson (379), Department of Physics, Goteborg University and Chal-
mers University of Technology, S-412 96 Goteborg, Sweden
K. Schulze (273), Fachbereich Physik, Universitat Kassel, D-34209 Kassel,
Germany
W.-D. Sepp (273), Fachbereich Physik, Universitat Kassel, D-34209 Kassel,
Germany
Gerhard Soff (125), Institut fur Theoretische Physik, Technische Universitat
Dresden, D-0 1062 Dresden, Germany
Joe Sucher (433), Center for Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics,
University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
Per Sunnergren (379), Department of Physics, Goteborg University and Chal-
mers University of Technology, S-412 96 Goteborg, Sweden
Sune Svanberg (209,283), Department of Physics, Lund Institute of Technology,
S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
Xii CONTRIBUTORS
M. A. Tokman (393), St. Petersburg State University, Department of Physics, St.
Petersburg, Russia
H. Walther (65),M ax-Planck-Institut fur Quantenoptik and Sektion Physik der
Universitat, Munchen, 85748 Garching, Germany
D. J. Wineland (41), NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80303
Yaming Zou (301), Department of Physics, University of Lund, S-223 62 Lund,
Sweden
The symposium Modem Trends in Atomic Physics was held on May 24-25,
1995, at the Hjortviken Conference Centre just outside Goteborg in Sweden.
It was organized in honor of Professor Ingvar Lindgren on the occasion of
his 65th birthday, which also coincided with the date of his retirement. He had
been appointed professor in the Department of Physics, Goteborg University/
Chalmers University of Technology, 30 years earlier. During this time he
achieved a national and international reputation as a leading scientist. Many of
Ingvar’s scientific friends and all of his past and present students were invited
to the symposium. In total, 90 people attended.
This book contains the text of 11 invited talks presented at the symposium.
Unfortunately, the limited time of the symposium made it impossible to allow
many leading scientists to give oral presentations. They were instead invited to
submit written papers for publication in this proceeding. In total, 13 such invited
papers are presented. The first paper is written by Ingvar’s long-time colleague
and friend, Professor Carl Nordling from Uppsala University, who gives a per-
sonal presentation of Ingvar’s career. The scientific papers start with that of
Nobel laureate Norman F. Ramsey from Harvard University, who gives a his-
torical review of the early development of experimental studies using coherent
radiation. The volume then covers many areas of experimental and theoretical
atomic physics, including both historical reviews and papers covering very re-
cent results.
The Swedish Academy of Sciences and Goteborg University are acknowl-
edged for the financial support that made the conference possible. M. Sc. Martin
G. H. Gustavsson is kindly acknowledged for his work on the organizing com-
mittee and for his assistance in the preparation of this proceeding.
At this time we thank Ingvar for his support over the years, and wish him
good luck in his future work as Director General of the Foundation for Strategic
Research.
It is also a pleasure to recognize one of the invited speakers, Dr. William D.
Phillips, who was awarded the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics for “development
of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light.”
DAG HANSTORP
HANSP ERSON
xiii
Four decades of atomic physics
A review of Ingvar Lindgren's career until now
by Carl Nordling
Department of Physics
University of Uppsala
Ingvar graduated from high-school in Uppsala in 1950. For further education he
went to the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, from which he graduated
in 1954. In the same year his physics professor, Kai Siegbahn, was appointed a
professor of physics at Uppsala university. Siegbahn had observed Ingvar's
unusual talents for physics and invited Ingvar to join him as a graduate student.
In this capacity Ingvar immediately became involved in atomic physics research.
Or was it rather nuclear physics research? The title of one of his first scientific
publications was "Atomic beam resonance apparatus with six-pole magnets for
radioactive isotopes", a title that suggests an involvement of both atomic and nuclear
physics. The effective solid angle of his instrument was an order of magnitude
larger than could be obtained with the conventional method, so Ingvar could
produce resonance curves and determine hfs interaction constants and nuclear spins
and magnetic moments for radioactive atoms that had not previously been within
reach.
Obviously, at that time Ingvar was doing experimental physics and designing
new instruments for his experiments. And he has continued to work as an
experimentalist and supervise experimental work in atomic beam resonance
spectroscopy, laser spectroscopy and environmentally oriented applications, but
theoretical work has become an increasingly large part of his scientific activity.
Indeed, so much so that in a selective list of his publications that I have obtained,
only theoretical publications are mentioned! Also, the nuclear physics has to a large
extent given way to atomic physics in his research.
In May of 1959 Ingvar took his PhD with highest marks (marks are not given
anymore). I presented my thesis on the following day, and we had a common
dinner party to celebrate both events. A few years later, in 1966, Ingvar moved to
Goteborg as a professor of physics at Chalmers Institute of Technology and
Goteborg University. He soon became head of the physics department (1967-70)
and dean of the faculty (1968-70, 75-79 and 88-93). More than 60 students have
studied for the PhD exam under his supervision. With the symposium on Modem
ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, VOLUME 30
Copyright 0 1998 by Acadenuc Press. All rights of reproducuon in any form reserved.
0065-3276198 $25.00 I
2 Carl Nordling
Trends in Atomic Physics we have now celebrated his promotion to the level of
emeritus professor.
During the late 1950:s and first part of the 60s Ingvar made major contributions
to our knowledge of spins and electromagnetic moments of nuclear ground and
excited states. In the 1965 edition of the ”Bible” of nuclear spectroscopy, ”Alpha-,
Beta- and Gamma-ray Spectroscopy”, Editor K.Siegbahn, he contributed an
exhaustive table of nuclear spins and moments, obtained with various techniques.
Experiments had now shown that the single-particle model was unable to
satisfactorily explain the atomic hyperfine interaction. Many-body effects had to be
taken into account. So, after the transfer to Goteborg Ingvar became more and more
involved in theoretical work, in particular electronic many-body perturbation theory.
He extended the Rayleigh-Schrodinger perturbation formalism to the case of a
model space that is not necessarily degenerate [Journal of Physics €3 7, 2441-70,
19741. He presented a new approach to the diagrammatic formulation of many-body
perturbation theory for open-shell systems [International Journal of Quantum
Chemistry S12, 33-58, 19781. He applied many-body perturbation theory in the
coupled-cluster formulation to perform very accurate calculations on the 22S and
22P states of the lithium atom [Physical Review A 31, 1273-86, 19851. In a review
article with D. Mukherjee he took a close look into the various aspects of the linked-
cluster theorem for open-shell systems, using as little constraints on the starting
functions as possible - and practicable [Physics Reports 151, 93-127, 19871. A
rigorous method for calculating the first-order self-energy in a model potential,
using partial-wave renormalization, was presented by Ingvar and several coworkers
in 1993 [Physical Review A 47, R4555-58, 19931. A numerical scheme for
evaluating the part of the one-photon vacuum-polarization effect that is not
accounted for by the Uehling potential was published in the same year [Physical
Review A 48,2772-78, 19931, and in 1995 a complete, numerical calculation of the
effect of exchange of two virtual photons between the electrons in the ground states
of heliumlike systems was published [Physical Review A 51, 1167-95, 19951.
I have mentioned here only a small selection of theoretical papers on Ingvar’s
publication list, which contains about 150 titles in total. A few weeks ago I received
a preprint of his invited talk at the 1996 ICAP conference where Ingvar and
coworkers review QED effects in heavy, highly charged ions, in particular the Lamb
shift for one-, two-, and three-electron ions [Proc. 15th Int. Conf. on Atomic
Physics, World Scientific 19961, and he has published at least four more papers this
year.
