Table Of ContentModern Tools and Methods of Water Treatment
for Improving Living Standards
NATO Science Series
A Series presenting the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO Science
Programme.
The Series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Springer (formerly Kluwer Academic
Publishers) in conjunction with the NATO Public Diplomacy Division.
Sub-Series
I. Life and Behavioural Sciences IOS Press
II. Mathematics,Physics and Chemistry Springer (formerly Kluwer Academic Publishers)
III.Computer and Systems Science IOS Press
IV.Earth and Environmental Sciences Springer (formerly Kluwer Academic Publishers)
The NATO Science Series continues the series of books published formerly as the NATO ASI Series.
The NATO Science Programme offers support for collaboration in civil science between scientists of
countries of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council.The types of scientific meeting generally supported
are “Advanced Study Institutes”and “Advanced Research Workshops”, and the NATO Science Series
collects together the results of these meetings.The meetings are co-organized by scientists from
,
NATO countries and scientists from NATOs Partner countries – countries of the CIS and Central and
Eastern Europe.
Advanced Study Institutesare high-level tutorial courses offering in-depth study of latest advances
in a field.
Advanced Research Workshops are expert meetings aimed at critical assessment of a field, and
identification of directions for future action.
As a consequence of the restructuring of the NATO Science Programme in 1999, the NATO Science
Series was re-organized to the four sub-series noted above. Please consult the following web sites for
information on previous volumes published in the Series.
http://www.nato.int/science
http://www.springeronline.com
http://www.iospress.nl
Series IV:Earth and Environmental Series – Vol.48
Modern Tools and Methods
of Water Treatment for Improving
Living Standards
edited by
Alexander Omelchenko
University of Manitoba,
Winnipeg, Canada
Alexander A.Pivovarov
Ukrainian State Chemical Technology University,
Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine
and
W.Jim Swindall
Queen’s University,
Belfast, Northern Ireland,
United Kingdom
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Modern Tools and Methods of Water Treatment for Improving Living Standards
Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine
19 22 November 2003
A C.I.P.Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-10 1-4020-3115-7 (PB) Springer Dordrecht, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3115-1 (PB) Springer Dordrecht, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
ISBN-10 1-4020-3114-9 (HB) Springer Dordrecht, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
ISBN-10 1-4020-3116-5 (e-book) Springer Dordrecht, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3114-4 (HB) Springer Dordrecht, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3116-8 (e-book) Springer Dordrecht, Berlin, Heidelberg, NewYYYork
Published by Springer,
P.O.Box 17, 3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands.
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 2005 Springer
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or
otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any
material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a
computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
Printed in the Netherlands.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface……………………………………………………………………IX
Contributors……………………………………………………………...XI
Part I.Recent Advances inPurification and SpecialTreatment
of Water and Water Quality Monitoring
Advancesin Drinking Water Treatmentin theUnited States …….….…..3
S.C. Gutierrez, R.C. Haught, D.A. Lytle, E.W. Rice and M.M. Williams
Depositional Characteristics of Lake Sediments in Canada as
Determined by Pb-210 and Cs-137…………………………………….…...9
A. Omelchenko, W.L. Lockhart and P. Wilkinson
Biosensors for Water Quality Monitoring………………………….……...51
N.F. Starodub, A.M. Katzev, V.M. Starodub, I.A. Levkovetz,
V.V. Goncharuk, N.A. Klimenko, A.N. Shmir’ova, N.V. Piven
and B.B. Dzantijev
Rapid Detection of Bacteria in Drinking Water………………..……….…71
R. A. Deininger and J. Lee
UtilizationofMobileAnalyticalTestsinWastewaterTreatmentPlant…...79
J. Navratil, F. Bozek and J. Dvorak
An Evaluation of the Efficacy of the Mixed-Oxidant Solutions
Producedfrom “ActivatedWater” inCoolingTowerBiologicalControl...87
J. A. Lewis
Part II. Development of Modern Technologies of Special
Water Treatment for Use in Various Areas of Science,
Industry and Public Health
FibroidSorbents for Water Purification……………………………….…101
R.A. Khaydarov, O. Gapurova, R.R. Khaydarov and S. Y. Cho
Use of In-Situ Oxygen Curtain Technology in Enhanced
Bioremediation of Groundwater……………………………………….…109
S. Induchny, J. Archibald and W.S. Mulica
Electrochemically-Stimulated Sorption and Sorption-Membrane
Methods for Removal of Ionic Impurities from Water…..……………….115
V.N. Belyakov and V.M. Linkov
V
VI
Innovative Water Purification Method andDevices……………………..137
V. Gevod, I. Reshetnyak, S. Gevod, I. Shklyarova and A. Rudenko
Potentialitiesof Membrane Operations in Water Treatments…………...151
A. Criscuoli and E. Drioli
Water Disinfection Using Silver and Copper Ions and Colloidal Gold…..159
R.R. Khaydarov and R.A. Khaydarov
Part III. Tools and Methods for Achievement of High
Technological Parameters of Water Purification and
Wastewater Treatment
Water Savings and Reuse in theTextile Industry………………………...169
H. Wenzel and H.H. Knudsen
Biocide Polymers - New Opportunities in Water Treatment…………….191
V. Marievsky
Optimization of Galvanic Wastewater Treatment Processes…………..…197
I. Kliopova and J. Staniškis
Efficiency of Nitrification and Denitrification Processes in Wastewater
Treatment Plants…………………………………..……………..………209
F. Bozek, J. Navratil and J. Kellner
Electrochemical Processes for Wastewater Purification Utilizing Fluidised
Beds of Particles with Different Conductivity…..………………………..219
K. Kazdobin
Cold Plasma as a New Tool for Purification of Wastewater……………..235
A.A. Pivovarovand A.P. Tischenko
PurificationofIndustrialWatersfromOrganicCompoundsandBacteria..245
Ya. Tarasova, V. Chernyak, T. Chehovskaya, V. Zrazhevskij,
A. Trokhymchuk, I. Babich and V. Yukhymenko
IV. Management of Water Resources, Planning, Training and
Education in Water Treatment
Industry University Cooperation for Postgraduate Education and
Training in the Water Treatment Area………………………….……..….255
W.J.Swindall
VII
Westcountry Rivers Trust United Kingdom: A Pioneering
ProgrammeforRestorationandRegenerationofMajorRiverBasins……..265
R.J.Stollard andA. Rickard
Recent Developments in Wastewater Treatment in Constructed
Wetlands in Poland……………………………………………………….279
H. Obarska-Pempkowiak and M. Gajewska
Water and Public Health: Legislation as a Tool for Improving
Living Standards………………………………………………………….295
K. Vitale, N. Janev-Holcer, N. Marinkovi(cid:252)and T. Pavi(cid:252)
The National Programme for Construction of Urban Wastewater
Treatment Plants in the Republic of Bulgaria…………………………….307
B. Georgieva
Water Pollution Prevention Actions in Romanian Industry……………………315
V. Harceag
Surface Lipid Composition of Two Emergent Water Plants Used in
ConstructedWetlands…………………………………………………….325
N.I. Shtemenko, V.N Shepelenko, H. Richnow and P. Kuschk
Subject Index……………………………………………………………331
IX
PREFACE
Providing the population of the Earth with safe drinking water is one
of the biggest challenges of modern society. In recognition of this problem
the United Nations Organization and UNESCO declared 2003 to be the
International Yearof Freshwater.
On November 19-22, 2003, the NATO Advanced Research
Workshop (ARW) on “Modern Tools and Methods of Water Treatment for
Improving Living Standards” took place in Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine.
Thirty-one participants from 15 countries including Bulgaria, Canada,
Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Italy, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland,
Romania, Russia, UK, Ukraine, USA, and Uzbekistan attended the meeting.
They discussed the scientific concepts and practical means for the solution
of the complex social, economic and ecological problems associated with
water purification, consumption, conservation, and protection. They also
established a network of scientists and specialists to foster further
collaboration and the exchange of ideas.
The location of the ARW was chosen quite deliberately. The city of
Dnepropetrovsk is located on the banks of the Dnieper River and it has a
population of about 1.3 million people. As it is one of the largest industrial
centers, it shares all the environmental problems, which are found in the
modern Ukraine. In 2001, one in seven of the water samples taken from
Ukrainian industrial and drinking water supply systems did not meet
sanitary-hygienic standards, and one in twelve did not meet microbiological
standards. Water analyses conducted during 2000 in the two largest
Ukrainian cities, Kiev and Kharkiv, showed that all water samples exhibited
some level of toxicity. Chemical pollution and microbial contamination of
drinking water significantly reduces the living standards of the population.
The quality of drinking water is considered to be a component of national
safety of Ukraine.
The Research Workshop was divided into four sessions. In session 1
“Recent Advances in Purification and Special Treatment of Water and Water
Quality Monitoring”, participants were acquainted with recent advances in
drinking water treatment in the United States, biological control in water-
cooling towers in the United Kingdom, and the use of radionuclides Pb-210
and Cs-137 for monitoring contamination in the Canadian Arctic. Three
presentations were dedicated to the use of biosensors and mobile analytical
tests for water quality monitoring and methods of rapid detection of bacteria
in drinking water. In Session 2 “Development of Modern Technologies of
Special Water Treatment for Use in Various Areas of Science, Industry and
Public Health”, some innovative methods and tools, such as
electrochemically-stimulated sorption and sorption-membrane methods, a
bubble-extractionmethod,fibroidsorbents,in-situoxygen curtain technology,
ion-exchange membranes,electrochemically-generatedsilverandcopper ions
X
and colloidal gold for water purification and post-purification were
presented. In session 3 “Tools and Methods for Achievement of High
Technological Parameters of Water Purification and Wastewater Treatment”,
studies into the treatment of wastewaters were discussed. Among them were
water reclamation and recycling in Danish industry, biocide polymers as a
new opportunity in water treatment, optimization of galvanic wastewater
treatment processes, efficiency of nitrification and denitrification processes
in wastewater treatment plants, electrochemical processes for wastewater
purification employing fluidized beds of particles, cold plasma as a new tool
for purification of wastewater from chemical contaminants, bacteria and
viruses. In Session 4 “Management of Water Resources, Planning, Training
and Education in Water Treatment”, management of water resources in the
United Kingdom, Bulgaria, Poland, Croatia, and Romania using a variety of
case studies were presented. The important issue of industry-university
cooperation for postgraduate education and training in the water treatment
areawas alsodiscussed.
All of the above subjects are covered in this book. We believe that
this book will be helpful to the international community of scientists,
specialists and students dealing with water treatment, purification,
conservation and protection.
Only the formal presentations are included in this book.
Unfortunately all the heated discussions, exchange of information and
informal gatherings could not be reflected in it. The meeting resulted in the
creation of a network, collaborative links, and personal friendships between
scientists and specialists from NATO and Partner countries, which extends
the positive outcome of the meeting far beyond its boundaries.
This meeting would not have been successful without students-
volunteers from the Ukrainian State Chemical Technology University,
Dnepropetrovsk: Tatyana Bolva, Boris Dubina, Oksana Holovko, Dmitri
Misnyankin, Dmitri Pshinnik, Andriy Reshetnikov, and Natalia Vedyakina,
and their leader Dr. Anna P. Tischenko. The essential help from Dr.
Naranjan S. Dhalla and Mr. Ivan Berkowitz from the International Academy
of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Dr. John Foerster from St. Boniface General
Hospital Research Centre is greatly appreciated. We would also like to
express our sincere gratitude to Dr. Alain H. Jubier, Programme Director,
Environmental Security, NATO, and to his administrative assistant Ms.
Lynn Campbell-Nolan. Special thanks should be addressed to Ms. Annelies
Kersbergen from the NATO Publishing Unit of Kluwer Academic
Publishers for her constant interest, guidance, and great patience.
The Editors:
Alexander Omelchenko, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Alexander A. Pivovarov, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine
W. Jim Swindall, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
CONTRIBUTORS
Archibald, J.
Akvastroiservis Ltd., 9 Cam Close, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 7XE,
United Kingdom
Babich, I.
Taras Shevchenko Kiev University, Department of Radiophysics, 64
Volodymyrska Str., Kiev 01033, Ukraine
Belyakov, V.N.
V.Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of NAS,
32/34 Palladin Ave., Kiev 03142, Ukraine
Bozek, F.
Military University of the Ground Forces, Faculty of Economy and
Management, Víta Nejedlého, 682 02 Vyškov, Czech Republic
Chernyak, V.
Taras Shevchenko Kiev University, Department of Radiophysics, 64
Volodymyrska Str., Kiev 01033, Ukraine
Chehovskaya, T.
Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry of NAS, 42 Vernadskogo Ave.,
Kiev 03142, Ukraine
Cho, S.Y.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 234
Maeji-Ri Hungup-Myon Wonju-Shi, Kangwon-Do 222–701, Korea
Criscuoli, A.
Research Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via P.
Bucci Cubo 17/C, Rende (CS) 87030, Italy
Deininger, R.A.
School of Public Health, 109 South Observatory, 2506 SPH 1,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
Drioli, E.
Research Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via P.
Bucci Cubo 17/C, Rende (CS) 87030, Italy
Dvorak, J.
Military University of the Ground Forces, Faculty of Economy and
Management, Víta Nejedlého, 682 02 Vyškov, Czech Republic
Dzantijev, B.B.
Institute of Biochemistry of RAS, 33 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow
117071, Russia
Gajewska, M.
Faculty of Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Gda(cid:276)sk University
of Tecnology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gda(cid:276)sk-Wrzeszcz,
Poland
Gapurova, O.
Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ulugbek, Tashkent 702132, Uzbekistan
XI
Description:Providing the population of the Earth with safe drinking water is one of the biggest challenges of modern society. In recognition of this problem the United Nations Organization and UNESCO declared 2003 to be the International Year of Freshwater. On November 19-22, 2003, the NATO Advanced Research W
