Modern Systems Analysis And Design

545 Pages·2015·32.58 MB·English

Modern Systems
Analysis and Design
8th Edition
Joseph S. Valacich
University of Arizona
Joey F. George
Iowa State University
Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco
Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Toronto
Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo
Vice President, Business Publishing: Donna Battista Project Manager: Ilene Kahn
Editor-in-Chief: Stephanie Wall Operations Specialist: Diane Peirano
Senior Sponsoring Editor: Neera Bhalla Creative Director: Blair Brown
Acquisitions Editor: Samantha Lewis Art Director: Janet Slowik
Program Manager: Emily Biberger Vice President, Director of Digital Strategy
Editorial Assistants: Olivia Vignone, Michael Campbell and Assessment: Paul Gentile
Vice President, Product Marketing: Maggie Moylan Manager of Learning Applications: Paul DeLuca
Director of Marketing, Digital Services Full-Service Project Management and
and Products: Jeanette Koskinas Composition: George Jacob/Integra
Executive Field Marketing Manager: Adam Goldstein Interior Designer: Integra Software Services, Inc.
Field Marketing Manager: Lenny Ann Raper Cover Designer: Integra Software Services, Inc.
Product Marketing Assistant: Jessica Quazza Cover Art: hunthomas/123rf
Team Lead, Program Management: Ashley Santora Printer/Binder: RR Donnelley/Roanoke
Team Lead, Project Management: Jeff Holcomb Cover Printer: Phoenix Color/Hagerstown
Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers make no representations about the suitability of the information contained
in the documents and related graphics published as part of the services for any purpose. All such documents and
related graphics are provided “as is” without warranty of any kind. Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers hereby
disclaim all warranties and conditions with regard to this information, including all warranties and conditions of
merchantability, whether express, implied or statutory, fitness for a particular purpose, title and non-infringement.
In no event shall Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers be liable for any special, indirect or consequential
damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract,
negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of information
available from the services.
The documents and related graphics contained herein could include technical inaccuracies or typographical
errors. Changes are periodically added to the information herein. Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers may
make improvements and/or changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described herein at any time.
Partial screen shots may be viewed in full within the software version specified.
Microsoft® and Windows® are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and other countries.
This book is not sponsored or endorsed by or affiliated with the Microsoft Corporation.
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Manufactured
in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained
from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. For information regarding
permissions, request forms, and the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights and
Permissions department, please visit www.pearsoned.com/permissions/.
Acknowledgments of third-party content appear on the appropriate page within the text.
PEARSON and ALWAYS LEARNING are exclusive trademarks owned by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates in
the U.S. and/or other countries.
Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks, logos, or icons that may appear in this work are the
property of their respective owners, and any references to third-party trademarks, logos, icons, or other trade dress
are for demonstrative or descriptive purposes only. Such references are not intended to imply any sponsorship,
endorsement, authorization, or promotion of Pearson’s products by the owners of such marks, or any relationship
between the owner and Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates, authors, licensees, or distributors.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hoffer, Jeffrey A.
Modern systems analysis and design/Jeffrey A. Hoffer, University of Dayton, Joey F. George, Iowa State University,
Joseph S. Valacich, University of Arizona.-—Eighth edition.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-420492-5
ISBN-10: 0-13-420492-1
1. System design. 2. System analysis. I. George, Joey F. II. Valacich, Joseph S., 1959– III. Title.
QA76.9.S88H6197 2015
003—dc23
2015013648
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN 10: 0-13-420492-1
ISBN 13: 978-0-13-420492-5
To my mother, Mary Valacich. You are the best!
—Joe
To my mother, Loree George
—Joey
This page intentionally left blank
Brief Contents
Preface xix
Part One Foundations For systems development 1
1 the Systems Development environment 3
2 the Origins of Software 26
3 Managing the Information Systems Project 44
appendix: object-oriented analysis and design: project management 78
Part twO planning 85
4 Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Projects 87
5 Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects 111
Part three analysis 145
6 Determining System requirements 147
7 Structuring System Process requirements 182
appendix 7a: object-oriented analysis and design: use Cases 217
appendix 7B: object-oriented analysis and design: activity diagrams 232
appendix 7C: object-oriented analysis and design: sequence
diagrams 237
appendix 7D: Business process modeling 246
8 Structuring System Data requirements 255
appendix: object-oriented analysis and design: object modeling–Class
diagrams 290
Part FOur design 309
9 Designing Databases 311
10 Designing Forms and reports 353
11 Designing Interfaces and Dialogues 381
12 Designing Distributed and Internet Systems 417
Part FIve implementation and maintenanCe 451
13 System Implementation 453
14 Maintaining Information Systems 486
glossary oF terms 504
glossary oF aCronyms 511
index 512
v
This page intentionally left blank
Contents
Preface xix
Part One Foundations For systems development
An Overview Of PArt One 2
1 the Systems Development environment 3
Learning Objectives 3
Introduction 3
A Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design 5
Developing Information Systems and the Systems Development Life Cycle 6
A Specialized Systems Development Life Cycle 12
The Heart of the Systems Development Process 13
The Traditional Waterfall SDLC 15
Different Approaches to Improving Development 16
Case Tools 16
Agile Methodologies 17
eXtreme Programming 19
Object-Oriented Analysis and Design 20
Our Approach to Systems Development 22
Summary 23
Key Terms 23
Review Questions 24
Problems and Exercises 24
Field Exercises 25
References 25
2 the Origins of Software 26
Learning Objectives 26
Introduction 26
Systems Acquisition 26
Outsourcing 27
Sources of Software 28
Choosing Off-the-Shelf Software 34
Validating Purchased Software Information 37
Reuse 37
Summary 40
Key Terms 40
vii
viii Contents
Review Questions 41
Problems and Exercises 41
Field Exercises 41
References 41
BeC Case: the origins oF soFtware 43
Case Questions 43
3 Managing the Information Systems Project 44
Learning Objectives 44
Introduction 44
Pine Valley Furniture Company Background 44
Managing the Information Systems Project 46
Initiating a Project 50
Planning the Project 53
Executing the Project 58
Closing Down the Project 62
Representing and Scheduling Project Plans 63
Representing Project Plans 64
Calculating Expected Time Durations Using PERT 65
Constructing a Gantt Chart and Network Diagram at Pine Valley Furniture 66
Using Project Management Software 69
Establishing a Project Start Date 70
Entering Tasks and Assigning Task Relationships 70
Selecting a Scheduling Method to Review Project Reports 71
Summary 72
Key Terms 73
Review Questions 74
Problems and Exercises 74
Field Exercises 76
References 76
appendix: object-oriented analysis and design 78
Learning Objectives 78
Unique Characteristics of an OOSAD Project 78
Define the System as a Set of Components 78
Complete Hard Problems First 78
Using Iterations to Manage the Project 80
Don’t Plan Too Much Up Front 80
How Many and How Long Are Iterations? 81
Project Activity Focus Changes Over the Life of a Project 83
Summary 83
Review Question 83
Problems and Exercises 83
BeC Case: managing the inFormation systems 84
Case Questions 84
Contents ix
Part twO planning
An Overview Of PArt twO 86
4 Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Projects 87
Learning Objectives 87
Introduction 87
Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Projects 88
The Process of Identifying and Selecting IS Development Projects 89
Deliverables and Outcomes 93
Corporate and Information Systems Planning 94
Corporate Strategic Planning 95
Information Systems Planning 97
Electronic Commerce Applications: Identifying and Selecting Systems Development
Projects 104
Internet Basics 104
Pine Valley Furniture WebStore 105
Summary 106
Key Terms 106
Review Questions 107
Problems and Exercises 107
Field Exercises 108
References 108
BeC Case: identiFying and seleCting systems development
projeCts 110
Case Questions 110
5 Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects 111
Learning Objectives 111
Introduction 111
Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects 111
The Process of Initiating and Planning Is Development Projects 112
Deliverables and Outcomes 113
Assessing Project Feasibility 114
Assessing Economic Feasibility 115
Assessing Technical Feasibility 123
Assessing Other Feasibility Concerns 126
Building and Reviewing the Baseline Project Plan 127
Building the Baseline Project Plan 127
Reviewing the Baseline Project Plan 132
Electronic Commerce Applications: Initiating and Planning Systems
Development Projects 137
Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects for Pine Valley Furniture’s WebStore 137
Summary 139
Key Terms 139