Modern power station practice/ 3, Mechanical. Turbines and auxiliary equipment.

436 Pages·1971·36.47 MB·English

by  publ. for and on behalf of the Central Electricity Generating Board.

MODERN POWER
STATION PRACTICE

SECOND RUVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION
VOLUME 3

MECHANICAL
(FURBINES AND AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT)

Published for and on behalf of the
CENTRAL ELECTRICITY GENERATING BOA\D

PERGAMON PRESS

OXFORD - NEW YORK - TORONTO
SYDNEY - PARIS - FRANKFURT

EDITORIAL PANEL

AL SuieRay (Chairman, M.Se., B.Se., MiLMech.E,, M.LE.E., Mls, E:R.Be0aS.
1.8, Beck, A.M.BLLM.

A. E, Croppace, CEng, MLE.E.

H. Fortune, BSc, AR.LC.

JW. GLENDINKING, BA,

‘A.J. HOnGRINSON (deceased), M.BE., CEng, M1.Meck.E., MLE, M.Struct Eng.
W.L. Mant, CEng, MILMech.E,

RH, Murirt, CEng, M.LMech.£., MI-E.E,

FH. E, Myers, CEng, FLEE, Mi.Mech.€.

CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 3

P.R, Bour, B.Sc, (Eng), M..Mech.£,, M1.Mar.&,
J. A. Carer, B.Sc, (Bog), ACG.

G, LANGDON, A.-M. Mech.E.

. Levent, D-F-H., A.M.LMech F., &.M.LEB.

W.F. Naat, A.MiLMech.E,

A.W, PARETT. B.Sc. (Eng), A.C.G.L, AM.LMeché.
E, Wensren, A.MLLMech.E.
—_— ee

MODERN POWER STATION PRACTICE
(8 VOLUMES.

VOLUME 3

MECHANICAL,
(TURBINES AND AUXILIARY EQUIPMEN Ty
MODERN POWER
STATION PRACTICE

SECOND REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION
VOLUME 3

MECHANICAL
(TURBINES AND AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT)

Published for ond on behalf of the
CENTRAL ELECTRICITY GENERATING

©
PERGAMON PRESS

OXFORD - NEWYORK : TORONTO
SYDNEY - PARIS - FRANKFURT

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ISBNUIROXEOE 2
SAN DOGOLe(36 (et wf volumes}
Chapter 1.

CONTENTS

List oF ILLustRaTIONS

Turbines

ta

12

1a

1a.

1

16

ina

“Thermodynamics and Stoam Yubine Tary
Lid, Theeyete

1112) Tae noazte

TLS. Moving blades

Ud, Stage efeiency

115, The sondition fie

16, Output and specie heat consumption
‘Types of Twehine

Dieecsion af flow

‘Means of boat supply

‘Means of host rjeeion
(Cylinder ssrangement

25. Rotor spend

‘Straws Turbine Cinder Coastruction
(3.8. Cylinders and diapheages
‘Steaea Turbine Rotar Construction
WEL. Rotor design

142, Rotor merits

143, ‘Thermal sabity of rotors
14S, ‘The balance of rotors

145. Rotor expansion

Steam Turbine Bladivg

154, Velocity compounded stage
152 Unpuise-type stage

153, Reastion-typ stepe

Sid. Lowpressuce stages

VSS, Biadiag materiale

‘Steam Chests, Valves and Loop Pipes
161, Steams chests and strainess
462) Steam valves

163. Loop pipes

16. ‘Water sepacatore
‘Couplings, Bearings end Turning Gear

$2. Couplings
172, Shaft alignment
473, Journal bearings
(34. Thrual bearings
vi convents

125, Torning gear “
176, ‘Disengagseble countngs 4

18, Gas Turbines 46
TR. lateedustion «
132, Taecscle =
183, The compressor %
U4, The combustion chamber 0

{83 The torbioe 3L
VSS Aaacines a
UK? Fuels 2

19, Hydeaule Turbines s
1BsL, Types of bydenatic turbine 3
119.2, The Pelton curbing 8
USA. Phe Francs sebine 3
1914, The Kaplan tering en
19S, The exbular corbin . 8
4196, Pumped scorage o
140, Foture Outlook ‘ so
L104. The demnas for irate ants st
1102, Curent lmitavons i couseational plant development »
1403, Bisary evcles at
110d, fnoreasing thermal eticieacy 6

TIDAL. Combined eycies oe

110.43, MHD gneration 9

1.40.5, Turbines for nuclear stations 6
110.6, Gan turelaes n

110.2, eydravte rxbines a
Appiodix 1. Litt of $00 MW stone turblues oa order by C.B.G.B. a
‘Appeadi 2. Peak Sood gas turbines 2
‘Appendix 3. Hydraule turbines B
Roterentes ca
Exariaes ”

2A, Lubrication Syatems %
2A, Introduction B
212. Olt pumps 6
243, Ollvales 2
214, Olcoolers a
213, Tanks, sruiner and ters aL
218 Tube of 2
217. Generator bydeogen seals 8
2.2, Glands and Seeling Systems ts
2.4. Carbon rng gland 8
22, Tabyeath gods 8
223. Wowrsealed glands 3
23, Governors and Governing Gear a

Tattoductlon 4
Speed governing 98
Speed governors 98
Relays 8
5. Speeder sear ty

‘Anticipatory Seer ut
conteNrs ii

234. Guverning charauteises ry

238, Governing of nteat tecbites 16

239. ydranlio sestem and fuids Ww

33.10. onwoad teting m8

24. Turbine Protectys Devices us

BAL Poasble hazards na

342. Cooreeacy sop vavve aperatiog sear 119

2:4, Teping devices re

' 243.1, Ovecapeed ip ra

243.2) mergency tod tap 135

2433. Remove tip ge ry

2434. OD falluce toe rs

243.5 ‘Theust bowing wear tap 13s

24.18, Low vacuum ine 12s

2.43.7. Low boiler presture tip 3g

244, Unlosthag gear . 25

244.1. Low vasuum ubloeding sear ns

24042 Low seam prestuce unloading pear 7

' 25, Turbine Greasing ie

i Refeceaces 129

Exorises 9
Chapter 3. Feed Water eating Systems

3. lary of teed Water Heating a

32. Huw Reyenseasve feed Heating Improves EMicooy 131

33. Cholve of Feeu Water Temperatura tas

2.L. Number offend heating scages

35g Rebte pReseoerative oct wth urine driven bole feedfpump

393. Generalised analyse af the regenorative cate 5

34. Types of end Heater tea

MAL. Surface type Le

322! Direc contact cvpe m8

3.5. Fecd Hester Arrangement 19

36, Regsnenitve Cycle Cakulations se

2% Some Aspects of the Thermal Design of Surface teed Heaters 139

37.1. Heat rameter coefieients 16

BIZ. HP. heater dessperbestiog section design is

33.3. Condensing Sealse daign 162

34 Some Aspects of the Thermal Design of Direct Contact Heaters 163

39. Soma Aspects of Surfaoa Heater Constcucton iss

38.4, Tube materiat 165

392. Welded tube jnints 166

12.3, Waretbox m2

398. vents 18

39S. Receptlon of drains 1

39.6. High water level protection at

HO. Sorte Aspects of Direct Contact Heater Construction 181

304. Blovation ofthe deaerator 183

341, Unit Bled Steam Evaporators 188

SAL, Types of exaporator 188
Chapter 4

contents

22, Pood Pammps
BAL. Positioning in the feed tain
LAZZ. Sorte arrangement
Bia. Pump suey
LI2a. Tye of drive
AIRE) Some aspen of pump design and construction
RAZS.L. Axial ebrust,
3UZ82, Light load protection
TiS. Glands
313, Future Treads
(etorences
Feerise

Condenser and Cooling Waler Plant

Condenser
42, ‘njragoccion

42. Condenser :
Construction i
‘Condenser thermal desiga

‘Condenser desiga—Outsie influences and. pracial considerations

43, Aie Bxuaction Equipmest
4341, Ale gets
43.2 Air pumps
433. Ale extraction sapacity

44, Erection Poraps
4S. Effest ot Cooling Water Quality

45, Cooling water quality
432) Maeriale

4 Leakages

AL ate akan
1462, Water leakage

47. Ondload Cleaning
[Dry Cooling Tower Systems
Future Detelopract

410, Condenser Desiga Betas

Caving Water Pant
4.41, atwoductlon

4.12, Setoening Plant and Strainers
413, Coase Servens

4:44. Moving Screens

4.8.1. Disc sercens
4142, Single entry cup screens

S145. Double entry cup screens
S484, Band screens

4145. Baclosed-type screens

418, Hodgkinson balanced cee serson
S147, Aunliary CW, strainers

445, Debris Removal