Modern Introduction to Philosophy: Readings from Classical and Contemporary Sources

824 Pages·1965·134.143 MB·English

by  Paul Edwards, Arthur Pap

MODERN INTRODUCTION
71
TO
PHILOSOPHY
i_
THE FREE PRESS TEXTBOOKS
PHILOSOPHY
IN
general editor: PaulEdwards
MODERN INTRODUCTION
71
T0
Ph
i I
Readings from Classical and
Contemporary Sources
Revised Edition
dited by Paul Edwards NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
nd Arthur Pap late oF YALE UNIVERSITY
F THE FREE PRESS, New York
P
COLLIER-MACMILLAN LIMITED, London
V^opyright © 1957, 1965 byThe Free Press
A DIVISION OF THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
Printedin the United States ofAmerica
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any
information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher.
Collier-MacmillanCanada,Ltd.,Toronto, Ontario
LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber: 65-18470
Fifth Printing September 1966
..
Contents
Preface to the Revised Edition ix
GeneralIntroduction xi
Key to Abbreviations xvii
I Determinism, freedom and OVioral Responsibility
Introduction by Paul Edwards 2
1 BaronHolbach: The Illusion ofFree Will 10
2. Henry Thomas Buckle: The Regularity of the Moral World 19
3. William James: The Dilemma ofDeterminism 25
4. D. M. Mackay: Brain and Will 38
~ 5. John Stuart Mill OfLiberty andNecessity 44
:
6. MoritzSchlick: When Is a Man Responsible? 51
7. C. A. Campbell Is 'Tree Will" a Pseudo-Problem? 59
:
8. John Hospers: Free Will and Psychoanalysis 75
9. P. H. Nowell-Smith: Psycho-analysis andMoralLanguage 86
10. S. I. Benn and R. S. Peters: Human Action and the Limita-
tions of Causal Explanation 94
Selected Bibliography 99
II Scepticism and the Problem of Induction
Introduction by Arthur Pap 110
11 Rene Descartes: The Sphere of the Doubtful 117
12. David Hume: Sceptical Doubts Concerning the Human Un-
derstanding 123
»Vf« CONTENTS
13. John Stuart Mill: The Ground of Induction 133
14. Bertrand Russell: On Induction 142
15. F. L. Will: Will the Future Be Like the Past? 148
16. Antony Flew: Induction and Standards of Rationality 159
Selected Bibliography 167
III 'Body, !Mind and Death
Introduction by Paul Edwards 174
17. David Hume: Of Personal Identity 186
18. Thomas Reid: Of the Nature and Origin of Our Notion of
Personal Identity 196
19. C. D. Broad: The Traditional Problem of Body and Mind 203
20. John Tyndall: The Limitations of Scientific Materialism 217
21. W. F. R. Hardie: Bodies and Minds 220
22. J. J. C. Smart: Sensations and Brain Processes 228
23. John Haynes Holmes: Ten Reasons for Believing in
Immortality 237
24. C. J. Ducasse: Is Life After Death Possible? 248
25. David Hume: Of the Immortality of the Soul 261
Selected Bibliography 266
IV !Moral Judgments
Introduction by Paul Edwards 280
26. Thomas Reid: The Moral Faculty and the Principles
of Morals 288
27. Bertrand Russell: Science and Ethics 297
28. Jonathan Harrison: Empiricism in Ethics 303
29. A. C. Ewing: The Objectivity of Moral Judgments 310
30. G. E. Moore: The Indefinability of Good 321
31. A. J. Ayer: Critique of Ethics 328
32. Brand Blanshard: The New Subjectivism in Ethics 337