Table Of ContentModern
FRUIT SCIENCE
By Norman Childers
F.
Mary Edwards and Rick Breeden are college majors in pomology (Fruit Science) and business administration.
They are from successful Illinois fruit grower families. While at home, they assist in theorchards, the public Pick-
Your-Own operation and theirroadside markets.
J
The Delicious apple leads around the world. In North America, Delicious ranks first with Golden Delicious se-
cond. The Stark Bros. Nurseries and Orchards Co.. Louisiana. Missouri 63353, found and promoted these
remarkable cultivars since the early 1900s. The Delicious strain above is 'Redchief from Hilltop Nurseries. Hart-
ford. Michigan 49057. for which grateful acknowledgement is given forthe photograph.
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Modern
Fruit Science
OrchardandSmallFruit Culture
NORMAN FRANKLIN CHILDERS
AdjunctProfessorofFruitCrops, UniversityofFlorida, Gainesville, 32611
FormerlyM.A BlakeProfessorandResearch SpecialistofHorticulture
. —
Rutgers University TheState UniversityofNewJersey
AssistantDirectorandSeniorPlantPhysiologist
UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureExperimentalStation inPuertoRico
AssociateinHorticulture, OhioAgriculturalExperimentStation
AssistantProfessorinHorticulture, TheOhio State University
Instructor, CornellUniversity
PLEASE ORDER ADDITIONAL BOOKS FROM:
HORTICULTURAL PUBLICATIONS
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3906 31 Place
Gainesville, Florida 32606
NORMAN F. CHILDERS, Author
AdjunctProfessorofFruitCrops, UniversityofFlorida, Gainesville32661
The Cover
These college students, son and daughter of prominent fruit growers, are Rick Breeden from Illinois who went to the University of
Wisconsin, River Falls, majoring in business, and Mary Edwards also of Illinois, who attended Michigan State University, East
Lansing, majoring in pomology. Bothassistedin orchardduties at homeand took part in operatingtheirroadsidemarketstohelpthem
financetheircollegetraining.
Dr. WayneB. Sherman(above) discussesthe fruit breeding program with peaches at theUniversityof
Florida, Gainesville, with undergraduates and graduate students working toward advanced degrees.
Dr. Paul M. Lyrene (below) discusses blueberry breeding for the milder climates. Students trained in
temperate and tropical and subtropical fruits have the advantage ofbeing qualified for a wider scope
ofjobsongraduation. (PhotographscourtesySteveHiss, UniversityofFlorida).
Ill
The Pick-Your-Own (PYO) method of harvesting both tree and small fruits has become popular, particularly where there are plentyof
peopleandcompetitionamonglocalgrowersisnotserious. Thegrowergets 100% oftheconsumer'sdollarimmediately. (Mark Robson,
RutgersUniversity).
IV
Contents
I: Introduction 1
II: Apple Regions, Production, andCultivars 9
III: EstablishingtheFruit Planting 18
IV: PruningAppleTrees 40
V: Soil Management forApples 59
VI: Flower-BudFormation, PoUination, and
Fruit Set in theApple 78
VII: ThinningAppleFruitsandAlternateBearing... 90
VIII: Graftingand BuddingTrees 102
IX: Freezing Injury toApples 115
X: Harvesting, Packingand ProcessingApples. 123
. . .
XI: StoringApples 147
XII: MarketingApples 170
XIII: Pearand QuinceCulture 180
XIV: Peach, Nectarine, Apricot andAlmond 203
XV: CultureofPlums 242
XVI: CherryCulture 260
XVII: Edible Nuts, Minor FruitCrops 283
XVIII: Control ofInsects and Diseases 321
XIX: Frost and DrouthControl 391
XX: GrapeGrowing 411
XXI: StrawberryGrowing 451
XXII: Bush BerryCulture 481
XXIII: SomeHomeFruitGardenTips 521
Appendix 523
Index 578
Anorchardin fullbloomisabeautifulsight. ThissceneisinBucksCounty, Pennsylvania.
vi
This is a deciduous fruit growing region in West Germany. Vineyards are contoured on the river banks. Fruit trees on the level area
arelargelyondwarfingstocks. (CourtesythelateF. Hilkenbaumer, InstitutFurObstbauderUniversitatderBonn, Germany.)
CopyrightEditions:
Ninth, Copyright 1983 Fourth, Copyright 1972
(completerevision) (reprinted)
Eighth, Copyright 1981 Fourth, Copyright 1969
(reprinted) (completerevision)
Eighth, Copyright 1978 Third, Copyright 1966
(completerevision) (slight revision)
Seventh, Copyright 1976 Second, Copyright 1961
(slight revision) (completerevision)
Sixth, Copyright 1975 First,Copyright 1949
(slight revision) (J.B. LippincottCo., Chicago)
Fifth, Copyright 1973 (secondprinting, 1950)
(completerevision) (thirdprinting, 1952)
(fourthprinting, 1954)
By
NormanF. Childers, Publisher
All rights reserved. Except for use in a review, the reproduction and use ofthis book in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or
other means, known now or hereinafter invented, including xerography, photocopying and recording, and in the information storage
andretrievalsystemis forbiddenwithoutthewrittempermissionofthepublisher.
U.S. LibraryofCongress
CatalogueCardNumber80-8347
ISBNNumber0-938378-01-5
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Labrusca or "fox" type grapes are produced heavily in the Finger Lakes region of New York. This is Keuka Lake in mid winter. Con-
cordistheleadingcultivar. (CourtesyJ. William Moffett, Editor, EasternGrapeGrowerand WineryNews)
viii
