Modern Concepts in Penicillium and Aspergillus Classification

451 Pages·1990·25.318 MB·English

by  J. I. Pitt, R. A. Samson (auth.), Robert A. Samson, John I. Pitt (eds.)

Modern Concepts in
Penicillium and Aspergillus
Classification
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Volume 185-Modern Concepts in Penicillium and Aspergillus Classification
edited by Robert A. Samson and John I. Pitt
Series A: Life Sciences
Modern Concepts in
Penicillium and Aspergillus
Classification
Edited by
Robert A. Samson
Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
Baarn, The Netherlands
and
John I. Pitt
CSIRO Division of Food Processing
North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Proceedings of the Second International Pénicillium
and Aspergillus NATO Advanced Research Workshop,
held May 8-12, 1989,
in Baarn, The Netherlands
Library of Congress Catalog1ng-1n-Publ1cat1on Data
International Pénicillium and Aspergillus NATO Advanced Research
Workshop (2nd : 1989 : Baarn, Netherlands)
Modern concepts 1n pencilllun and asperglllus classification /
edited by Robert A. Sanson and John I. Pitt.
p. en. — (NATO ASI series. Series A, Life sciences ; v.
185)
"Proceedings of the Second International Pénicillium and
Asperglllus NATO Advanced Research Workshop, held May 8-12, 1989, In
Baarn, The Netherlands"—Verso of t.p.
"Published In cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division."
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-1-4899-3581-6
1. Pénicillium—Classification—Congresses. 2. Asperglllus-
-Classlfication—Congresses. I. Sanson, Robert A. II. Pitt, John
I. III. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs
Division. IV. Title. V. Series.
QK625.M7I57 1989
589.2'3—dc20 90-7008
CIP
ISBN 978-1-4899-3581-6 ISBN 978-1-4899-3579-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-3579-3
© 1990 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1990
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
v
PREFACE
In our view, the First International Penicillium and Aspergillus Workshop held in Baarn
and Amsterdam in May, 1985, was a great success. The assembly in one place of so many
specialists in these two genera produced both interesting viewpoints and lively
discussions. But more particularly, a remarkable cohesion of ideas emerged, borne
primarily of the realisation that taxonomy has passed from the hands of the solitary
morphologist. The future of taxonomy lay in collaborative and multidisciplinary studies
embracing morphology, physiology and newer methodologies.
The Second International Penicillium and Aspergillus Workshop was borne logically
from the first, and was held in Baarn on May 8-12, 1989. It was attended by 38 scientists
from 16 countries. At this Workshop we have attempted to move further into new
methods, especially by bringing together molecular biologists, medical and food
mycologists and biochemists as well as more traditional taxonomists. We feel that the
meeting contributed greatly to dialogue between taxonomists, and also fundamental and
applied mycologists. At the meeting, we became aware that the approach to taxonomy of
these genera is now becoming more pragmatic, with an increasing emphasis on
consensus, and on stability of names. This is a noteworthy development, which we, as
editors, welcome. So many species in Penicillium and Aspergillus are economically
important in biotechnology, foods and medicine, and practical, stable taxonomy is of vital
importance.
These Proceedings comprise 40 papers divided into 9 chapters. Discussions relating to
each paper were taped and after careful editing, have been included following the
relevant paper. Some general discussion is also included. Dr Keith Seifert kindly helped us
with typing the discussions, and we are extremely grateful for his assistance. We also wish
to thank Mr Guido van Reenen, who prepared the layout and camera ready copy of both
the Abstracts and these Proceedings.
The Second International Penicillium and Aspergillus Workshop was sponsored by the
NATO ARW programme. Cosponsors were the Dutch Programmebureau Biotechnology,
the Royal Academy of Sciences and some industrial companies. We wish to sincerely
thank all of these sponsors.
Local arrangements for the Workshop were very efficiently and smoothly organised
with the assistance of Mrs Ans Spaapen-de Veer, Tineke van der Berg and Marjolein van
der Horst; we wish to thank each of them, as well as many other colleagues from the
Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures.
The Editors
Baarn, September 1989
vii
CONTENTS
Chapterl
INTRODUCTION
Systematics of Penicillium and Aspergillus - past, present and future - J.I.Pitt and R.A. Samson ..................... 3
Chapter 2
TECHNIQUES AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF PENICILLIUM AND
ASPERGILLUS
Standardization in Penicillium identification - O. Constantinescu. ....................................................................... 17
Identification of Penicillium and Aspergillus species in mixed cultures in petri dishes using secondary
metabolite profile - O. Filtenborg and J.e. Frisvad ........................................................................................... 27
Variation in Penicillium and Aspergillus conidia in relation to preparatory techniques for scanning electron
and light microscopy - P. Staugaard, RA Samson and M.I. van der Horst ................................................. 39
Variants of Penicillium expansum: an analysis of cultural and microscopic characters as taxonomic criteria
- J.F. Berny and G.L. Hennebert ........................................................................................................................... 49
Penicillium and Aspergillus in the food microbiology laboratory - A.P. Williams. ............................................. 67
Chapter 3
NOMENCLATURE: CONSERVATION AND STABILITY OF NAMES OF ECONOMICALLY
IMPORTANT SPECIES
Problems and prospects for improving the stability of names in Aspergillus and Penicillium
- D.L. Hawksworth ................................................................................................................................................ 75
Proposals to conserve important species names in Aspergillus and Penicillium - J.e. Frisvad,
D.L. Hawksworth, Z. Kozakiewicz, J.I. Pitt, RA Samson and Ae. Stolk.. ..................................................... 83
Nomenclature stability in Penicillium and Aspergillus, an alternative view - W. Garns .................................... 91
Chapter 4
TAXONOMIC SCHEMES OF PENICILLIUM
Speciation and synonymy in Penicillium Subgenus Penicillium - towards a definitive taxonomy
- J.I. Pitt and RH. Cruickshank .......................................................................................................................... 103
The systematics of the terverticillate Penicillia - Ae. Stolk, RA Samson, J.e. Frisvad and
O. Filtenborg ............................................................................................................................................................ 121
A reappraisal of the terverticillate Penicillia using biochemical, physiological and morphological features
- P.D. Bridge, D.L. Hawksworth, Z. Kozakiewicz, AH.S. Onions, RR.M. Paterson, M.J. Sackin and
P.H.A. Sneath ................................................................................................................................. 139
Evaluation of the diagnostic features of some species of Penicillium section Divaricatum - O. Fassatiova
and A. Kubatova ..................................................................................................................................................... 149
Revision of Penicillium Subgenus Furcatum based on secondary metabolites and conventional characters
- J.e. Frisvad and O. Filtenborg .......................................................................................................................... 159
The Penicillium funiculosum complex - well ddined species and problematic taxa
- E.S. van Reenen-Hoekstra, J.C Frisvad, RA Samson and A.C Stolk.. ..................................................... 173
Identification of Penicillium species isolated from an agricultural loess soil in Germany
- H.I. Nirenberg and B. Metzler .......................................................................................................................... 193
ChapterS
TAXONOMIC SCHEMES OF ASPERGILLUS
Chemotaxonomy and morphology of Aspergillus fumigatus and related taxa - J.e. Frisvad and
RA. Samson ............................................................................................................................................................. 201
Exocellular polysaccharides from Aspergillus fumigatus and related taxa - J.P. Debeaupuis, J. Sarfati,
A Goris, D. Stynen, M. Diaquin and J.P. Latge .................................................................................................. 209
viii
Biotyping of Aspergillus fumigatus and related taxa by the yeast killer system - L. PoloneIli, S. Conti,
L. Campani and F. Fanti ......................................................................................................................................... 225
Analysis of components of Aspergillus and Neosartorya mycelial preparations by gel electrophoresis
and western blotting procedures - V.M. Hearn, M. Moutaouakil and J.-P. Latge ...................................... 235
Taxonomy of Aspergillus section Restricta - J.I. Pitt and R.A. Samson ................................................................ 249
Isoenzyme patterns in Aspergillus flavus and closely related species - R.H. Cruickshank and J.I. Pitt ......... 259
Chapter 6
COMPUTER-ASSISTED IDENTIFICATION OF PENICILLIA AND ASPERGILLIA
Computer applications in Penicillium and Aspergillus systematics - M.A. Klich ............................................. 269
Penname, a new computer key to common Penicillium species - J.I. Pitt .......................................................... 279
Identification of terverticillate Penicillia from a matrix of percent positive test results - P.D. Bridge .......... 283
Identification of Penicillium and Aspergillus computer-assisted keying - A.P. Williams ................................ 289
Chapter 7
NEW APPROACHES FOR PENICILLIUM AND ASPERGILLUS SYSTEMATICS: MOLECULAR
BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
A review of molecular biological techniques for systematic studies of Aspergillus and Penicillium
- E.J. Mullaney and M.A. Klich ........................................................................................................................... 301
RFLP analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA and its use in Aspergillus systematics - JH. Croft,
V. Bhattacherjee and KE. Chapman .................................................................................................................... 309
Variation in pectinolytic enzymes of the black Aspergilli: a biochemical and genetic approach
-M.A. Kusters -van Someren, H.CM. Kester, R.A. Samson and J. Visser ................................................. 321
A molecular assessment of the position of Stilbothamnium in the genus Aspergillus - J. Dupont,
M. Dutertre, J.-F. Lafay, M.-F. Roquebert and Y. Brygoo .................................................................................. 335
Ribosomal RNA comparisons among taxa of the terverticillate Penicillia - A. Logrieco, S.W. Peterson
and D.T. Wicklow ................................................................................................................................................... 343
Ribosomal DNA restriction studies of Talaromyces species with Paecilomyces and Penicillium
anamorphs - J.W. Taylor, J.I. Pitt and A.D. Hocking ...................................................................................... 357
ChapterS
NEW APPROACHES FOR PENICILLIUM AND ASPERGILLUS SYSTEMATICS: BIOCHEMICAL AND
IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
Secondary metabolites as consistent criteria in Penicillium taxonomy and a synoptic key to Penicillium
subgenus Penicillium - J.C Frisvad and O. Filtenbor& .................................................................................... 373
Electrophoretic comparison of enzymes as a chemotaxonomic aid among Aspergillus taxa: (1) Aspergillus
sects. Ornati and Cremei - J. Sugiyama and K Yamatoya. ............................................................................. 385
Electrophoretic comparison of enzymes as a chemotaxonomic aid among Aspergillus taxa: (2) Aspergillus
sect. Flam - K Yamatoya, J. Sugiyama and H. Kuraishi... .............................................................................. 395
The ubiquinone system as a taxonomic aid in Aspergillus and its teleomorphs - H. Kuraishi, M. Itoh,
N. Tsuzaki, Y. Katayama, T. Yokoyama and J. Sugiyama ................................................................................ 407
Immunological differentiation between Penicillium and Aspergillus taxa - B. Fuhrmann, M.F. Roquebert,
V. Lebreton and M. van Hoegaerden ................................................................................................................... 423
The significance of yeast extract composition on metabolite production in Penicillium - O. Filtenborg,
J.C Frisvad and U. Thrane .................................................................................................................................... 433
Chapter 9
TAXONOMIC STUDIES ON THE TELEOMORPHS OF PENICILLIUM AND ASPERGILLUS
Chemotaxonomy of Eupenicillium javanicum and related species - J.C Frisvad, R.A. Samson and
A.C Stolk .................................•.................................................................................................... 445
The genus Neosartorya: differentiation by scanning electron microscopy and mycotoxin profiles
- R.A. Samson, P.V. Nielsen and J.CFrisvad ................................................................................................... 455
ix
Participants ...................................................................................................................................................... 469
Species Index ............................................................................................................................................... 473
1
INTRODUCTION