Table Of ContentStudies in Computational Intelligence 674
Katsuhide Fujita ∙ Quan Bai
Takayuki Ito ∙ Minjie Zhang
Fenghui Ren ∙ Reyhan Aydoğa n
Rafik Hadfi Editors
Modern Approaches
to Agent-based
Complex Automated
Negotiation
Studies in Computational Intelligence
Volume 674
Series editor
Janusz Kacprzyk, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
e-mail: [email protected]
About this Series
The series “Studies in Computational Intelligence” (SCI) publishes new develop-
mentsandadvancesinthevariousareasofcomputationalintelligence—quicklyand
with a high quality. The intent is to cover the theory, applications, and design
methods of computational intelligence, as embedded in the fields of engineering,
computer science, physics and life sciences, as well as the methodologies behind
them. The series contains monographs, lecture notes and edited volumes in
computational intelligence spanning the areas of neural networks, connectionist
systems, genetic algorithms, evolutionary computation, artificial intelligence,
cellular automata, self-organizing systems, soft computing, fuzzy systems, and
hybrid intelligent systems. Of particular value to both the contributors and the
readership are the short publication timeframe and the worldwide distribution,
which enable both wide and rapid dissemination of research output.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7092
Katsuhide Fujita Quan Bai
(cid:129)
Takayuki Ito Minjie Zhang
(cid:129)
ğ
Fenghui Ren Reyhan Aydo an
(cid:129)
fi fi
Ra k Had
Editors
Modern Approaches
to Agent-based Complex
Automated Negotiation
123
Editors
Katsuhide Fujita FenghuiRen
Tokyo University of Agriculture Schoolof Computing andInformation
andTechnology Technology
Tokyo University of Wollongong
Japan Wollongong, NSW
Australia
Quan Bai
Schoolof Engineering, Computer Reyhan Aydoğan
andMathematicalSciences Ozyegin University
Auckland University of Technology Istanbul
Auckland Turkey
NewZealand
Rafik Hadfi
Takayuki Ito Department ofComputer Science
Schoolof Techno-Business Administration andEngineering, Graduate School
Nagoya Institute of Technology ofEngineering
Nagoya Nagoya Institute of Technology
Japan Nagoya
Japan
MinjieZhang
Schoolof Computing andInformation
Technology
University of Wollongong
Wollongong, NSW
Australia
ISSN 1860-949X ISSN 1860-9503 (electronic)
Studies in Computational Intelligence
ISBN978-3-319-51561-8 ISBN978-3-319-51563-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-51563-2
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016962032
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission
orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar
methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom
therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the
authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor
for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to
jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
Printedonacid-freepaper
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature
TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG
Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland
Preface
Complexautomatednegotiationsareawidelystudied,emergingareainthefieldof
autonomousagentsandmulti-agentsystems.Ingeneral,automatednegotiationscan
becomplex,sincetherearemanyfactorsthatcharacterizesuchnegotiations.These
factors include the number of issues, dependency between issues, representation
of the utility, negotiation protocol, negotiation form (bilateral or multi-party), and
time constraints. Software agents can support automation or simulation of such
complexnegotiationsonbehalfoftheirownersandcanprovidethemwithadequate
bargainingstrategies.Inmanymulti-issuebargainingsettings,negotiationbecomes
morethanazero-sumgame,sobargainingagentshaveanincentivetocooperatein
ordertoachieveefficientwin-winagreements.Also,inacomplexnegotiation,there
could be multiple issues that are interdependent. Thus, an agent's utility will
becomemorecomplexthansimpleutilityfunctions.Further,negotiationformsand
protocols could be different between bilateral situations and multi-party situations.
Torealizesuchacomplexautomatednegotiation,wehavetoincorporateadvanced
artificial intelligence technologies including search, CSP, graphical utility models,
Bayesian nets, auctions, utility graphs, and predicting and learning methods.
Applications could include e-commerce tools, decision-making support tools,
negotiation support tools, collaboration tools, and others. For this book, we soli-
citedpapersonallaspectsofsuchcomplexautomatednegotiationsthatarestudied
in the field of autonomous agents and multi-agent systems.
This book includes Part I: Agent-Based Complex Automated Negotiations, and
Part II: Automated Negotiation Agents Competition. Each chapter in Part I is an
extended version of an International Workshop on Agent-based Complex
Automated Negotiations (ACAN’15) paper after peer reviews by three PC mem-
bers. Part II includes Automated Negotiating Agents Competition (ANAC’15), in
which automated agents who have different negotiation strategies and are imple-
mented by different developers automatically negotiate in several negotiation
domains. ANAC is an international competition in which automated negotiation
strategies, submitted by several universities across the world, are evaluated in a
tournamentstyle.Thepurposeofthecompetitionistosteertheresearchinthearea
ofbilateralmulti-issue,closednegotiation.Closednegotiation,whenopponentsdo
v
vi Preface
not reveal their preferences to each other, is an important class of real-life nego-
tiations. Negotiating agents designed using a heuristic approach need extensive
evaluation, typically through simulations and empirical analysis, since it is usually
impossible to predict precisely how the system and the constituent agents will
behaveinawidevarietyofcircumstances,usingpurelytheoreticaltools.Thisbook
includes rules, results, agents, and domain descriptions for ANAC2015 submitted
byorganizersandfinalists.ThereportsfromtheANAC2015competitionhighlight
the important aspects that should be considered in future works on automated
negotiation.
Finally, we would like to extend our sincere thanks to all authors. This book
would not have been possible without the valuable support and contributions of
those who cooperated with us.
Tokyo, Japan Katsuhide Fujita
Auckland, New Zealand Quan Bai
Nagoya, Japan Takayuki Ito
Wollongong, Australia Minjie Zhang
Wollongong, Australia Fenghui Ren
Istanbul, Turkey Reyhan Aydoğan
Nagoya, Japan Rafik Hadfi
May 2016
Contents
Part I Agent-Based Complex Automated Negotiations
BiTrust: A Comprehensive Trust Management Model
for Multi-agent Systems . .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 3
Tung Doan Nguyen and Quan Bai
Using Reference Points for Competitive Negotiations
in Service Composition.. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 17
Claudia Di Napoli, Dario Di Nocera and Silvia Rossi
A Cooperative Framework for Mediated Group Decision Making....... 35
Miguel A. Lopez-Carmona, Ivan Marsa-Maestre and Enrique de la Hoz
A Dependency-Based Mediation Mechanism for Complex
Negotiations... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 51
Akiyuki Mori, Shota Morii and Takayuki Ito
Using Graph Properties and Clustering Techniques
to Select Division Mechanisms for Scalable Negotiations.... ..... .... 67
Ivan Marsa-Maestre, Catholijn M. Jonker, Mark Klein
and Enrique de la Hoz
Compromising Strategy Considering Interdependencies
of Issues for Multi-issue Closed Nonlinear Negotiations. .... ..... .... 85
Shinji Kakimoto and Katsuhide Fujita
A Negotiation-Based Model for Policy Generation. .... .... ..... .... 101
Jieyu Zhan, Minjie Zhang, Fenghui Ren and Xudong Luo
Fixed-Price Tariff Generation Using Reinforcement Learning..... .... 121
Jonathan Serrano Cuevas, Ansel Y. Rodriguez-Gonzalez
and Enrique Munoz de Cote
vii
viii Contents
Part II Automated Negotiating Agents Competition
The Sixth Automated Negotiating Agents Competition
(ANAC 2015).. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 139
Katsuhide Fujita, Reyhan Aydoğan, Tim Baarslag, Koen Hindriks,
Takayuki Ito and Catholijn Jonker
Alternating Offers Protocols for Multilateral Negotiation ... ..... .... 153
Reyhan Aydoğan, David Festen, Koen V. Hindriks
and Catholijn M. Jonker
Atlas3: A Negotiating Agent Based on Expecting Lower Limit
of Concession Function.. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 169
Akiyuki Mori and Takayuki Ito
Pars Agent: Hybrid Time-Dependent, Random
and Frequency-Based Bidding and Acceptance
Strategies in Multilateral Negotiations... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 175
Zahra Khosravimehr and Faria Nassiri-Mofakham
RandomDance: Compromising Strategy Considering
Interdependencies of Issues with Randomness .... .... .... ..... .... 185
Shinji Kakimoto and Katsuhide Fujita
Agent Buyog: A Negotiation Strategy for Tri-Party
Multi Issue Negotiation.. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 191
Bhargav Sosale, Swarup Satish and Bo An
Phoenix: A Threshold Function Based Negotiation Strategy
Using Gaussian Process Regression and Distance-Based
Pareto Frontier Approximation.... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 201
Max W.Y. Lam and Ho-fung Leung
Pokerface: The Pokerface Strategy for Multiparty Negotiation.... .... 213
J.B. Peperkamp and V.J. Smit
Negotiating with Unknown Opponents Toward Multi-lateral
Agreement in Real-Time Domains.. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 219
Siqi Chen, Jianye Hao, Shuang Zhou and Gerhard Weiss
Jonny Black: A Mediating Approach to Multilateral Negotiations ....... 231
Osman Yucel, Jon Hoffman and Sandip Sen
Agent X.. .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 239
Wen Gu and Takayuki Ito
CUHKAgent2015: An Adaptive Negotiation Strategy
in Multilateral Scenario . .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 243
Chi Wing Ng, Hoi Tang Leung and Ho-fung Leung
AgentH... .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 251
Masayuki Hayashi and Takayuki Ito
Contributors
Bo An School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore, Singapore
ReyhanAydoğan InteractiveIntelligenceGroup,DelftUniversityofTechnology,
Delft, The Netherlands; Computer Science Department, Özyeğin University,
Istanbul, Turkey
Tim Baarslag Agents, Interaction and Complexity group, University of
Southampton, Southampton, UK
Quan Bai Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
Siqi Chen School of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University,
Chonqqing, China
Claudia Di Napoli Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni C.N.R., Naples,
Italy
Dario Di Nocera Dipartimento di Matematica e Applicazioni, Università degli
Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
David Festen Interactive Intelligence Group, Delft University of Technology,
Delft, The Netherlands
Katsuhide Fujita Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and
Technology, Fuchu, Japan; Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of
Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Wen Gu Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
Jianye Hao School of Software, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
Masayuki Hayashi Department of Computer Science, Nagoya Institute of
Technology, Nagoya, Japan
KoenHindriks ManMachineInteractionGroup,DelftUniversityofTechnology,
Delft, The Netherlands
ix
