Models and Methods in Social Network Analysis (Structural Analysis in the Social Sciences)

345 Pages·2005·11.99 MB·English

by  Peter J. Carrington

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ModelsandMethodsinSocialNetworkAnalysis
ModelsandMethodsinSocialNetworkAnalysispresentsthemostimportantdevelopments
inquantitativemodelsandmethodsforanalyzingsocialnetworkdatathathaveappeared
during the 1990s. Intended as a complement to Wasserman and Faust’s Social Network
Analysis:MethodsandApplications,itisacollectionoforiginalarticlesbyleadingmethod-
ologistsreviewingrecentadvancesintheirparticularareasofnetworkmethods.Reviewed
areadvancesinnetworkmeasurement,networksampling,theanalysisofcentrality,posi-
tionalanalysisorblockmodeling,theanalysisofdiffusionthroughnetworks,theanalysis
ofaffiliationor“two-mode”networks,thetheoryofrandomgraphs,dependencegraphs,
exponentialfamiliesofrandomgraphs,theanalysisoflongitudinalnetworkdata,graphic
techniquesforexploringnetworkdata,andsoftwarefortheanalysisofsocialnetworks.
PeterJ.CarringtonisProfessorofSociologyattheUniversityofWaterlooandEditorofthe
CanadianJournalofCriminologyandCriminalJustice.Hismainteachingandresearch
interests are in the criminal and juvenile justice systems, social networks, and research
methodsandstatistics.HehaspublishedarticlesintheCanadianJournalofCriminology
andCriminalJustice,AmericanJournalofPsychiatry,JournalofMathematicalSociology,
and Social Networks. He iscurrently doing research on police discretion, criminal and
delinquentcareersandnetworks,andtheimpactoftheYouthCriminalJusticeActonthe
youthjusticesysteminCanada.
John Scott is Professor of Sociology at the University of Essex. An active member of
theBritishSociologicalAssociation,heservedasitspresidentfrom2001until2003.He
haswrittenmorethanfifteenbooks,includingCorporateBusinessandCapitalistClasses
(1997),SocialNetworkAnalysis(1991and2000),SociologicalTheory(1995),andPower
(2001).WithJamesFulcher,heistheauthoroftheleadingintroductorytextbookSociology
(1999and2003).HeisamemberoftheEditorialBoardoftheBritishJournalofSociology
andisanAcademicianoftheAcademyofLearnedSocietiesintheSocialSciences.
StanleyWassermanisRudyProfessorofSociology,Psychology,andStatisticsatIndiana
University.Hehasdoneresearchonmethodologyforsocialnetworksforthirtyyears.Hehas
co-authoredwithKatherineFaustSocialNetworkAnalysis:MethodsandApplications,pub-
lishedin1994inthisseriesbyCambridgeUniversityPress,andhasco-editedwithJoseph
Galaskiewicz Social Network Analysis: Research in the Social and Behavioral Sciences
(1994).Hisworkisrecognizedbystatisticians,aswellassocialandbehavioralscientists,
worldwide.HeiscurrentlyBookReviewEditorofChanceandanAssociateEditorofthe
JournaloftheAmericanStatisticalAssociationandPsychometrika.Hehasalsobeenavery
activeconsultantandiscurrentlyChiefScientistofVisiblePath,anorganizationalnetwork
softwarefirm.
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StructuralAnalysisintheSocialSciences 27
MarkGranovetter,Generaleditor
TheseriesStructuralAnalysisintheSocialSciencespresentsapproachesthatexplainsocial
behaviorandinstitutionsbyreferencetorelationsamongsuchconcreteentitiesaspersons
andorganizations.Thiscontrastswithatleastfourotherpopularstrategies:(a)reductionist
attemptstoexplainbyafocusonindividualsalone;(b)explanationsstressingthecausal
primacyofsuchabstractconceptsasideas,values,mentalharmonies,andcognitivemaps
(thus, “structuralism” on the Continent should be distinguished from structural analysis
in the present sense); (c) technological and material determination; and (d) explanation
using“variables”asthemainanalyticconcepts(asinthe“structuralequation”modelsthat
dominatedmuchofthesociologyofthe1970s),wherestructureisthatconnectingvariables
ratherthatactualsocialentities.
Thesocialnetworkapproachisanimportantexampleofthestrategyofstructuralanalysis;
the series also draws on social science theory and research that is not framed explicitly
innetworkterms,butstressestheimportanceofrelationsratherthantheatomizationof
reductionorthedeterminationofideas,technology,ormaterialconditions.Althoughthe
structuralperspectivehasbecomeextremelypopularandinfluentialinallthesocialsciences,
itdoesnothaveacoherentidentity,andnoseriesyetpullstogethersuchworkunderasingle
rubric.Bybringingtheachievementsofstructurallyorientedscholarstoawiderpublic,this
serieshopestoencouragetheuseofthisveryfruitfulapproach.
Otherbooksintheseries:
1. MarkS.MizruchiandMichaelSchwartz,eds.,IntercorporateRelations:The
StructuralAnalysisofBusiness
2. BarryWellmanandS.D.Berkowitz,eds.,SocialStructures:ANetworkApproach
3. RonaldL.Brieger,ed.,SocialMobilityandSocialStructure
4. DavidKnoke,PoliticalNetworks:TheStructuralPerspective
5. JohnL.Campbell,J.RogersHollingsworth,andLeonN.Lindberg,eds.,Governance
oftheAmericanEconomy
6. KyriakosKontopoulos,TheLogicsofSocialStructure
7. PhilippaPattison,AlgebraicModelsforSocialStructure
8. StanleyWassermanandKatherineFaust,SocialNetworkAnalysis:Methodsand
Applications
9. GaryHerrigel,IndustrialConstructions:TheSourcesofGermanIndustrialPower
10. PhilippeBourgois,InSearchofRespect:SellingCrackinElBarrio
11. PerHageandFrankHarary,IslandNetworks:Communication,Kinship,and
ClassificationStructuresinOceana
12. ThomasSchweizerandDouglasR.White,eds.,Kinship,Networks,andExchange
13. NoahE.Friedkin,AStructuralTheoryofSocialInfluence
14. DavidWank,CommodifyingCommunism:Business,Trust,andPoliticsinaChinese
City
15. RebeccaAdamsandGrahamAllan,PlacingFriendshipinContext
16. RobertL.NelsonandWilliamP.Bridges,LegalizingGenderInequality:Courts,
MarketsandUnequalPayforWomeninAmerica
ContinuedaftertheIndex
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Models and Methods in Social
Network Analysis
Editedby
PETER J. CARRINGTON
UniversityofWaterloo
JOHN SCOTT
UniversityofEssex
STANLEY WASSERMAN
IndianaUniversity
v
  
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo
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Contents
Acknowledgments pageix
Contributors xi
1 Introduction 1
StanleyWasserman,JohnScott,andPeterJ.Carrington
2 RecentDevelopmentsinNetworkMeasurement 8
PeterV.Marsden
3 NetworkSamplingandModelFitting 31
OveFrank
4 ExtendingCentrality 57
MartinEverettandStephenP.Borgatti
5 PositionalAnalysesofSociometricData 77
PatrickDoreian,VladimirBatagelj,andAnusˇkaFerligoj
6 NetworkModelsandMethodsforStudyingtheDiffusionofInnovations 98
ThomasW.Valente
7 UsingCorrespondenceAnalysisforJointDisplaysofAffiliationNetworks 117
KatherineFaust
8 AnIntroductiontoRandomGraphs,DependenceGraphs,andp* 148
StanleyWassermanandGarryRobins
9 RandomGraphModelsforSocialNetworks:MultipleRelationsor
MultipleRaters 162
LauraM.KoehlyandPhilippaPattison
10 InterdependenciesandSocialProcesses:DependenceGraphsand
GeneralizedDependenceStructures 192
GarryRobinsandPhilippaPattison
11 ModelsforLongitudinalNetworkData 215
TomA.B.Snijders
12 GraphicTechniquesforExploringSocialNetworkData 248
LintonC.Freeman
13 SoftwareforSocialNetworkAnalysis 270
MarkHuismanandMarijtjeA.J.vanDuijn
Index 317
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