modelling the factors affecting quality of building construction projects during the construction

130 Pages·2009·0.55 MB·English

The Islamic University – Gaza
ﺓﺯــﻏ ـ ﺔﻴﻤﻼــﺴﻹ ﺍﺔــﻌﻤﺎﺠﻟﺍ

Higher Education Deanship
ﺎـــﻴﻠﻌﻟ ﺍﺕﺎـــﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟ ﺍﺓﺩﺎـــﻤﻋ

Civil Engineering
ﺔـﻴﻨﺩﻤ ﺔـﺴﺩﻨﻫ ـ ﺔـﺴﺩﻨﻬﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ

Construction Project Management
ﺔﻴــــﺴﺩﻨﻫ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸــــﻤ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ

MODELLING THE FACTORS AFFECTING
QUALITY OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
PROJECTS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION
PHASE IN GAZA STRIP

"Mohammad Issam" Abdel – Aziz M. Amer

Supervised by:

Dr. Rifat Rustum
Department of Civil Engineering

A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in
Construction Engineering and Management

The Islamic University of Gaza – Palestine
December, 2002
DEDICATION

To those who give of themselves so that others may live.
To my family for their unlimited support.
To my wife for her continuous encouragement.
To my daughters and sons who were missing my direct care during
my study.
To all of my colleagues and friends for their help and support.

A
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express my profound gratitude to Dr. Rifat Rustum for his continued
guidance, supervision, and comments throughout the course of this study. He has
been ever-present force in helping me to mature as a student and as a researcher. His
dedication to helping me succeed is deeply appreciated.

Appreciation is also expressed to Construction Management Teaching Staff at the
Islamic University for their support and encouragement.

I would like to express my special thanks to Mr. Nafez Abu Khater for his assistance
throughout the research.

Finally, I must express my sincere thanks to the Contracting and Consulting firms
for their cooperation and support.

B
ABSTRACT

Quality measurement is the trigger for quality improvement. The things which can
not be measured can not be improved. The real scope of quality improvement in
construction projects is the difficulty and-maybe-lack of quality measurement
methods.

This research is intended to provide clients, project managers, designers, and contractors
with necessary information needed to better manage the quality of a construction building
project in Gaza Strip. Factors that affect the quality of a construction building project during
construction phase are identified. Nominal Group Technique (NGT) was used at the
preliminary stage to identify these factors and the associated sub-factors. Combining the
results of (NGT) and literature review yielded 14 main factors and 60 sub-factors affecting
quality of a building construction project. A questionnaire was developed and used as a
research tool to obtain the opinions of 65 contracting companies and 24 consulting firms on
the identified most important factors affecting quality.

Four Approaches were used throughout the study for the development of
representative models. The appropriate model was resulted from a stepwise multiple
regression analysis on the quality factors resulted from Factor Analysis approach.

It is concluded that the most important factors affecting quality of a building
construction project are: characteristics of site layout, skill and experience of site
staff, characteristics of design documents, and using equipment, materials, quality
and labor management systems and the owner quick response in taking decisions.
Type of awarding system and the political environment also among the factors
effecting quality.

It is recommended that contracting and consulting firms to develop a quality system before
starting the construction of a project to meet the requirements of international quality
standards, and to develop comprehensive management systems for equipment, materials,
and labors. Also, using the developed model as a tool to measure quality of the construction
project and identify the weakness points that lowers the degree of quality and improve it.

C
ﺔﺻﻼﺨﻟا

ﺓﺩﻮـﳉﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ . ﺕﺍﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﻊﻳﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻘﺋﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻊﻴﺿﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ
ﺔـﻴﳘﺃ ﺖﻌﺒﻧ ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻟ ﺎﻫﺮﻳ ﻮﻄﺗ ﰎ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻘﻟ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧﻭ ،ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﲔﺴﲢ ﺕﻻﺎﳎ ﺪﺣﺃ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ
.ﺕﺍﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﻊﻳﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﰲ ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻟ ﺔﺤﺿﺍﻭﻭ ﺓﺩﺪﳏ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﺩﺎﳚﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﻟﻭﺎﳏ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ

ﺔﻳﺭﻭﺮﻀـﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﲔﻟﻭﺎﻘﳌﺍﻭ ﲔﻤﻤﺼﳌﺍﻭ ﻊﻳﺭﺎﺸﳌﺍ ﺀﺍﺭ ﺪﻣﻭ ﲔﻜﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﻄﻋﻹ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺖﻓﺪﻫ
ﺔﻴﺴـﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻞـﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺪـﻳﺪﲢ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ . ﺓﺰﻏ ﻉﺎﻄﻗ ﰲ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﻊﻳﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﰲ ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﲔﺴﺤﺘﻟ
.ﺪﻴﻴﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﰱ ﺓﺮﺛﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻔﻟﺍﻭ
ﺓﺩﻮـﺟ ﺱﺎـﻴﻗ ﺎﻬﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﻦﻜﳝ (ﺝﺫﻮﳕ) ﺓﺩﺪﳏ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﻟ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺖﻓﺪﻫ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ
ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﰱ ﺎﻫﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺴﲢ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﰒ ﻦﻣﻭ ﺭﻮﺼﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﻒﻌﻀﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﳎ ﺪﻳﺪﲢﻭ ﻲﺋﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﻉﻭﺮﺸﳌﺍ
.ﺓﺰﻏ ﻉﺎﻄﻗ ﰲ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﺑ ﺀﺎﻘﺗﺭﻻﺍ ﻮﻫﻭ ﻲﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ ﻑﺪﳍﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ

.ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺮﺛﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻠﻟ ﻲﺋﺍﺪﺘﺑﻻﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﺼﻠﻘﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﻤﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺗ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﰎ ﺪﻘﻟ
١٤ ﺪـﻳﺪﲢ ﰎ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻗ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺷﺭﻭ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ
ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﰒ ﻦﻣﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﻊﻳﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﰲ ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﻟ ﺎﻴﻋﺮﻓ ﻼﻣﺎﻋ ٦٠ ﻭ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﺋﺭ ﻼﻣﺎﻋ
.ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﰲ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻞﻛ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻯﺪﻣ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻟ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗ ﰲ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ
.ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺘﻟ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﺸﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﻛﺮﺷ ٢٤ ﻭ ﺕﻻﻭﺎﻘﻣ ﺔﻛﺮﺷ ٦٥ ﺓﻮﻋﺩ ﰎ
ﺕﺍﺭﺎـﺒﺘﺧﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﰎ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ﺎﻴﺋﺎﺼﺣﺇ ﺎﻬﺘ ﳉﺎﻌﻣﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﺧﺩﻹ ﻲﺋﺎﺼﺣﺇ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﰎ
ﻢﻴـﻴﻘﺗ ﰱ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﺸﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﻻﻭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺷ ﺀﺍﺭﺁ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻯﺪﻣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﳐ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺼﺣﺇ
.ﺕﺍﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﻊﻳﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﰲ ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺮﺛﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﻄـﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻥﺍﺯﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ ﻰﻫﻭ ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻟ ﺡﺮﺘﻘﳌﺍ ﺝﺫﻮﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﻟ ﺕﺎﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﺔﻌﺑﺭﺃ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﰎ
.ﺩﺪﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﻰﻄﳋﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﳓﻻﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻮﺘﻳﺭﺎﺑ ﻞﻴﻠﲢﻭ

D
ﺕﻻﻭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺷ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺕﺎﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺼﺣﺇ ﺔﻟﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻕﻭﺮﻓ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻪﻧﺃ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺮﻬﻇﺃ
.ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺮﺛﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺗ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﺸﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍﻭ
ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻜﻟ ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺮﺛﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺗ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺋ ﺎﺼﺣﺇ ﺔﻟﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻕﻭﺮﻓ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻪﻧﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ
.ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻚﻠﲤ ﻻ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻚﻠﺗﻭ ﻭﺰﻳﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺰﺋﺎﳊﺍ

ﺮـﺜﻛﺃ ﺪـﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟ ﻰﻔﺻﻭ ﺝﺫﻮﳕ ﺮﺧﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺿﺎﻳﺭ ﺝﺫﺎﳕ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻟ ﺝﺫﺎﳕ ﺔﻌﺑﺭﺃ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗ ﰎ
ﺭﺍﺪﳓﻻﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺞﺗﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺝﺫﻮﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﰎ ﺪﻗﻭ . ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﰲ ﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ
.ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺔﻟﻮﻬﺳﻭ ﺔﻗﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﻳ ﻪﻧﻷ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﻀﻓﺄﻛ ﻰﻄﳋﺍ

ﻒﻌﻀﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﺪﻳﺪﲢﻭ ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻟ ﺡﺮﺘﻘﳌﺍ ﺝﺫﻮﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﳍ ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻦﻣ
ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺃ ﻊﻴﲨ ﻞﻤﺸﻳ ﺓ ﺩﻮﳉﺎﺑ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻯﺭﺍﺩﺃ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺴﲢ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﰱ ﺓﺮﺛﺆﳌﺍ
ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺃ ﻉﻭﺮﺸﻤﻠﻟ ﺓﺪﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﺋﺎﺛﻮﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻛﺃ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﻲﺋﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﻉﻭﺮﺸﳌﺍ
.ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺪﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻉﻭﺮﺸﳌﺍ

E
ABREVIATIONS

QC Quality Control

QM Quality Management

QA Quality Assurance

TQM Total Quality Management

GDP Gross Domestic Product

PECDAR Palestinian National Council for Development & Reconstruction

UNRWA United Nations Relief and Work Agency

PMBOK Project Management Body of Knowledge

ASQC American Society for Quality Control

QPMS Quality Performance Management System

CII Construction Industry Institute

EPC Engineer-Procure-Construct

NGT Nominal Group Technique

F
TABLE OF CONTENTS

DEDICATION………………………………………………………………. I
ACKNOWLEDGMENT……………………………………………………. II
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………. III
ARABIC ABSTRACT……………………………………………………… IV
ABBREVIATIONS…………………………………………………………. VI
TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………… VII
LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………….. X
LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………… XI

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION………………………………………….. 1

1.1 Problem Background………………………………………….………. 2
1.2 Features of Construction Industry in Gaza Strip……………………… 2
1.3 Importance of the Research…………………………………………… 6
1.4 Thesis Objectives……………………………………………………... 6
1.5 Limitations……………………………………………………………. 7

CHAPTER 2: QUALITY DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS…………... 8

2.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………… 8
2.2 Definitions…………………………………………………………….. 9
2.3 Concepts………………………………………………………………. 11
2.4 Economics of Quality…………………………………………………. 13
2.4.1 Quality Economics in Design………………………………….. 13
2.4.2 Economics of Quality of Conformance………………………... 14
2.4.3 Cost of Quality…………………………………………………. 15
2.5 Quality Management Philosophies…………………………………… 17
2.6 Total Quality Management…………………………………………… 20
2.7 Quality Management in Construction………………………………… 20
2.8 Factors Affecting Project Quality…………………………………….. 24
2.9 Modeling Concept…………………………………………………….. 31
2.10 Quality Modeling Former Studies……………………………………. 32
G
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY…………………………………………. 36

3.1 Nominal Group Technique……………………………………………. 38
3.2 Defining the Factors Affecting Quality in Gaza Strip………………... 40
3.3 Development of the Research Model…………………………………. 42
3.4 Developing the Questionnaire………………………………………… 44
3.5 Instrument Validity…………………………………………………… 44
3.6 Research Sample……………………………………………………… 45
3.6.1 Sample Size……………………………………………………. 45
3.7 Method of Choosing the Sample……………………………………… 46
3.8 Instrument (Questionnaire) Reliability……………………………….. 47
3.9 Method of Collecting Data……………………………………………. 47
3.10 Method of Data Analysis……………………………………………... 47
3.11 Model Verification……………………………………………………. 48

CHAPTER 4: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS……………... 49

4.1 The Descriptive Method………………………………………………. 49
4.1.1 Section 1: Company Profile……………………………………. 49
4.1.2 Section 2: Quality in the Organization………………………… 54
4.1.3 Section 3: Main Factors Affecting Quality of Construction Projects. 56
4.1.4 Section 4: Sub-factors Affecting Quality of Construction Projects… 57
4.2 Inferential Statistics…………………………………………………… 60
4.2.1 T-test…………………………………………………………… 60
4.2.2 The Spearman (rho) correlation coefficient test……………….. 62
4.2.3 One-Way ANOVA test………………………………………… 65

H
CHAPTER 5: MODEL DEVELOPMENT……………………………… 68

5.1 Approach 1: The Weighted Average Approach………………………. 69
5.1.1 Model Formulation…………………………………………….. 70
5.2 Approach 2: Pareto Analysis of Main Factors Affecting Quality……. 71
5.3 Approach 3: Factor Analysis of Sub-factors Affecting Quality……… 74
5.3.1 Factor Extraction………………………………………………. 74
5.3.2 Factor Rotation………………………………………………… 78
5.4 Approach 4: Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis………………… 83
5.5 Choosing the Appropriate Model……………………………………... 87
5.6 Model Application……………………………………………………. 87
5.7 Model Verification……………………………………………………. 91

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION…………… 95

6.1 Conclusion……………………………………………………………. 95
6.2 Recommendation……………………………………………………... 97

REFERENCES……………………………………………………………… 99
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A………………………………………………………... 102
APPENDIX B………………………………………………………... 108
APPENDIX C………………………………………………………... 119
APPENDIX D………………………………………………………... 120
APPENDIX E………………………………………………………… 122
APPENDIX F………………………………………………………… 123

I