Modelling Ontologies Visually

168 Pages·2013·12.88 MB·English

Modelling Ontologies Visually: A Practical User
Guide
Gem Stapleton1, John Howse2, Aidan Delaney3, Jim Burton and
Peter Chapman
@Gem Stapleton @aidandelaney
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
University of Brighton
Monday21st October2013
http://www.ontologyengineering.org
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1 Introduction
2 Modelling in Practice
Vocabulary
Case Study
Exercises
3 Patterns for Ontology Engineering
4 Model Effectiveness and Reasoning
5 Ontology Engineering: Case Study
6 Concluding Remarks
7 Bibliography
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Introduction
Good morning/evening/night (delete as appropriate for your timezone).
The aim of this workshop is to introduce a method for modelling
ontologies in a purely visual manner.
We call our visual ontology modelling language
Concept Diagrams
http://www.ontologyengineering.org
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Constraints in Domain Modelling
Modelling domain-specific constraints has been well studied in relation
to at least the following:
formal logic,
software engineering,
business processes,
ontology engineering.
context Module
inv: self−>collect (enrolled)−>size()>=2
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The Case for Diagrams I
In [5] Shimojima coins the phrase “free ride” to describe information
that is obvious to the reader of a diagram, but requires the reader of a
sentence in logic to perform some deductive reasoning.
Sato et al, [4] show that diagrammatic free rides lead to an increase in
accuracy and speed of reasoning.
All Tutors are Lecturers
All Lecturers are People
Therefore all Tutors are People Tutor
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The Case for Diagrams II
Other sources that support the use of diagrams for specifying
constraints in domain modelling include:
Concept Diagrams are better comprehended when drawn in circles
and, when drawn using circles, are orientation independent [1].
Symbolic formalisms are “difficult for most people” [3].
Free rides exist and are quantifiable [6].
Horridge’s Prot´eg´e tutorial arrives at an informal diagrammatic
syntax that is similar to the formal syntax we are presenting
today [2].
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Notation for this Tutorial
In this presentation we will be consistent with the notation described
on page 1 of the handbook.
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Pause for Questions
Credit: Flikr user An Untrained Eye (used under CC licence)
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Basics of Diagrammatic Ontology Engineering
1 Understand what is meant by vocabulary.
2 Understand the difference between individuals, classes, and
properties, and what they represent (their semantics).
3 Know what constitutes an axiom.
4 Understand how to represent individuals, classes, and properties
using concept diagrams.
5 Have a basic understanding of how to use concept diagrams
to build ontologies.
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Evolving Scenario I
We will build on the following scenario throughout the tutorial:
Scenario
Suppose we wish to provide an ontological model of degree courses.
These courses comprise modules, which are components that contribute
to a degree. Each module has a credit value which is a positive integer.
Students are enrolled on a set of modules that contribute to their
degree. Each module is taught by at least one lecturer. The individual
Peter is a lecturer who teaches the module called logic (and possibly
other modules, too).
Handbook pages 3 & 4.
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