Modeling the Effect of Damage in Composite Structures: Simplified Approaches

253 Pages·2015·11.91 MB·English

by  Christos Kassapoglou

MODELING THE
EFFECT OF DAMAGE
IN COMPOSITE
STRUCTURES
Aerospace Series List
ModelingtheEffectofDamageinCompositeStructures:Simplified Kassapoglou March2015
Approaches
IntroductiontoAircraftAeroelasticityandLoads,2ndEdition WrightandCooper December2014
AircraftAerodynamicDesign:GeometryandOptimization SóbesterandForrester October2014
TheoreticalandComputationalAerodynamics Sengupta September2014
AerospacePropulsion Lee October2013
AircraftFlightDynamicsandControl Durham August2013
CivilAvionicsSystems,2ndEdition Moir,SeabridgeandJukes August2013
ModellingandManagingAirportPerformance Zografos,Andreattaand July2013
Odoni
AdvancedAircraftDesign:ConceptualDesign,Analysisand Torenbeek June2013
OptimizationofSubsonicCivilAirplanes
DesignandAnalysisofCompositeStructures:WithApplicationsto Kassapoglou April2013
AerospaceStructures,2ndEdition
AircraftSystemsIntegrationofAir-LaunchedWeapons Rigby April2013
DesignandDevelopmentofAircraftSystems,2ndEdition MoirandSeabridge November2012
UnderstandingAerodynamics:ArguingfromtheRealPhysics McLean November2012
AircraftDesign:ASystemsEngineeringApproach Sadraey October2012
IntroductiontoUAVSystems4e FahlstromandGleason August2012
TheoryofLift:IntroductoryComputationalAerodynamicswith McBain August2012
MATLABandOctave
SenseandAvoidinUAS:ResearchandApplications Angelov April2012
MorphingAerospaceVehiclesandStructures Valasek April2012
GasTurbinePropulsionSystems MacIsaacandLangton July2011
BasicHelicopterAerodynamics,3rdEdition SeddonandNewman July2011
AdvancedControlofAircraft,SpacecraftandRockets Tewari July2011
CooperativePathPlanningofUnmannedAerialVehicles Tsourdosetal November2010
PrinciplesofFlightforPilots Swatton October2010
AirTravelandHealth:ASystemsPerspective Seabridgeetal September2010
DesignandAnalysisofCompositeStructures:Withapplicationsto Kassapoglou September2010
aerospaceStructures
UnmannedAircraftSystems:UAVSDesign,Developmentand Austin April2010
Deployment
IntroductiontoAntennaPlacement&Installations Macnamara April2010
PrinciplesofFlightSimulation Allerton October2009
AircraftFuelSystems Langtonetal May2009
TheGlobalAirlineIndustry Belobaba April2009
ComputationalModellingandSimulationofAircraftandthe Diston April2009
Environment:Volume1-PlatformKinematicsandSynthetic
Environment
HandbookofSpaceTechnology Ley,WittmannHallmann April2009
AircraftPerformanceTheoryandPracticeforPilots Swatton August2008
AircraftSystems,3rdEdition Moir&Seabridge March2008
IntroductiontoAircraftAeroelasticityAndLoads Wright&Cooper December2007
StabilityandControlofAircraftSystems Langton September2006
MilitaryAvionicsSystems Moir&Seabridge February2006
DesignandDevelopmentofAircraftSystems Moir&Seabridge June2004
AircraftLoadingandStructuralLayout Howe May2004
AircraftDisplaySystems Jukes December2003
CivilAvionicsSystems Moir&Seabridge December2002
MODELING THE
EFFECT OF DAMAGE
IN COMPOSITE
STRUCTURES
SIMPLIFIED APPROACHES
Christos Kassapoglou
DelftUniversityofTechnology,TheNetherlands
Thiseditionfirstpublished2015
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Contents
SeriesPreface ix
Preface xi
1 DamageinCompositeStructures:NotchSensitivity 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 NotchInsensitivity 2
1.3 ‘Complete’NotchSensitivity 4
1.4 NotchSensitivityofCompositeMaterials 5
Exercises 6
References 7
2 Holes 9
2.1 StressesaroundHoles 13
2.2 UsingtheAnisotropicElasticitySolutiontoPredictFailure 16
2.3 TheRoleoftheDamageZoneCreatedNearaHole 17
2.4 SimplifiedApproachestoPredictFailureinLaminateswithHoles:the
Whitney–NuismerCriteria 19
2.5 OtherApproachestoPredictFailureofaLaminatewithaHole 24
2.6 ImprovedWhitney–NuismerApproach 25
2.7 Application:FindingtheStackingSequenceWhichResultsinGood
OHTPerformance 34
Exercises 35
References 39
3 Cracks 41
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 ModellingaCrackinaCompositeLaminate 42
3.3 Finite-WidthEffects 45
3.4 OtherApproachesforAnalysisofCracksinComposites 46
3.5 MatrixCracks 49
Exercises 52
References 56
vi Contents
4 Delaminations 57
4.1 Introduction 57
4.2 RelationtoInspectionMethodsandCriteria 60
4.3 ModellingDifferentStructuralDetailsinthePresenceofDelaminations 63
4.3.1 BucklingofaThrough-WidthDelaminatingLayer 63
4.3.2 BucklingofanEllipticalDelaminatingLayer 69
4.3.3 Application–BucklingofanEllipticalDelaminationunder
CombinedLoads 73
4.3.4 OnsetofDelaminationataStraightFreeEdgeofaComposite
Laminate 75
4.3.5 DelaminationataFlange–StiffenerInterfaceofaComposite
StiffenedPanel 84
4.3.6 DoubleCantileverBeamandEndNotchFlexureSpecimen 88
4.3.7 TheCrackClosureMethod 92
4.4 StrengthofMaterialsVersusFractureMechanics–UseofCohesive
Elements 96
4.4.1 UseofCohesiveElements 99
Exercises 100
References 103
5 Impact 105
5.1 SourcesofImpactandGeneralImplicationsforDesign 105
5.2 DamageResistanceVersusDamageTolerance 109
5.3 ModellingImpactDamageasaHole 111
5.4 ModellingImpactDamageasaDelamination 114
5.5 ImpactDamageModelledasaRegionofReducedStiffness 117
5.6 Application:ComparisonofthePredictionsoftheSimplerModelswith
TestResults 121
5.6.1 ModellingBVIDasaHole 122
5.6.2 ModellingBVIDasaSingleDelamination 123
5.6.3 ModellingBVIDasanEllipticalInclusionofReducedStiffness 124
5.6.4 ComparisonsofAnalyticalPredictionstoTest
Results–SandwichLaminates 124
5.7 ImprovedModelforImpactDamageAnalysedasaRegionofReduced
Stiffness 125
5.7.1 TypeandExtentofDamageforGivenImpactEnergy 125
5.7.2 ModelforPredictingCAIStrength 148
Exercises 163
References 168
6 FatigueLifeofCompositeStructures:AnalyticalModels 171
6.1 Introduction 171
6.2 NeededCharacteristicsforanAnalyticalModel 175
Contents vii
6.3 ModelsfortheDegradationoftheResidualStrength 177
6.3.1 LinearModel 177
6.3.2 NonlinearModel 180
6.4 ModelfortheCyclestoFailure 183
6.4.1 ExtensiontoSpectrumLoading 196
6.5 ResidualStrengthandWear-OutModelPredictionsComparedtoTest
Results 200
6.5.1 ResidualStrengthPredictionsComparedtoTestResults 200
6.5.2 CyclestoFailurePredictionsComparedtoTestResults
(ConstantAmplitude) 202
6.5.3 CyclestoFailurePredictionsComparedtoTestResults
(SpectrumLoading) 204
6.6 AProposalfortheCompleteModel:AccountingforLargerScale
Damage 206
6.6.1 FirstCycle,TensionPortion 207
6.6.2 FirstCycle,CompressionPortion 207
6.6.3 SubsequentLoadCycles 208
6.6.4 Discussion 208
6.6.5 Application:Tension–CompressionFatigueofUnidirectional
Composites 209
6.6.6 Application:Tension–TensionFatigueofCross-PlyLaminates 214
Exercises 218
References 219
7 EffectofDamageinCompositeStructures:SummaryandUseful
DesignGuidelines 221
Index 227