Mobile Europe: The Theory and Practice of Free Movement in the EU

214 Pages·2015·0.917 MB·English

by  Ettore Recchi (auth.)

Mobile Europe

Mobile Europe
The Theory and Practice of Free
Movement in the EU
Ettore Recchi
Sciences Po, Paris
© Ettore Recchi 2015
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-0-230-27447-1
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First published 2015 by
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ISBN 978-1-349-59147-3 ISBN 978-1-137-31602-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9781137316028
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Contents
List of Figures vi
List of Tables viii
Preface and Acknowledgements x
Introduction – Between Individualization and
Globalization: The Long-Term Premises to Free Movement 1
Part I Theorizing Free Movement: History,
Policies, Demographics 15
1 A Frontierless Continent: History of an Idea and
Its Realization 17
2 Why Free Movement? Assessing Policies and Rationales 35
3 EU Movers: How Many Are There, Where Are
They, What Do They Do? 49
Part II Practising Free Movement:
Sociological Perspectives 79
4 ‘Old’ and ‘New’ EU Movers: Integration
Pathways Compared 81
5 A Sterile Citizenship? Intra-European Mobility
and Political Participation 105
6 Intra-EU Mobility and European Identity: Towards a
Sense of Shared Belonging 123
Conclusion – Free Movement in Europe: Epitomizing
the Age of Mobility? 145
Methodological Appendix 155
Notes 159
References 175
Index 201
List of Figures
0.1 Economic globalization: international trade flows
in 50 countries (1980 and 2009) 9
0.2 Social globalization: transnational personal contacts in
50 countries (1980 and 2009) 10
3.1 European citizens residing in a member state different
from their own, 1990–2012 (in thousands) 53
3.2 EU movers and third-country citizens residing in
the EU, 1990–2012 (in thousands) 54
4.1 Structural characteristics of Western EU movers
in France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy and
Spain (2004): multiple correspondence analysis 88
4.2 Sociocultural characteristics of Western EU movers
in France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy and
Spain (2004): multiple correspondence analysis 90
4.3 Structural, sociocultural and identitarian characteristics
of Western EU movers in France, Germany, Great Britain,
Italy and Spain (2004): multiple correspondence analysis 92
4.4 Structural, sociocultural and identitarian characteristics
of EU movers in France, Italy, Spain and Greece (2012):
multiple correspondence analysis 100
5.1 EU movers at the polls for national general elections:
turnout rates (%) 116
5.2 EU movers at the polls for the European Parliament:
turnout rates (%) 117
6.1 Feeling European: EU movers and stayers who declare
themselves to be ‘very attached’ to Europe (2004
and 2010–2011) (%) 130
vi
List of Figures vii
6.2 Identity spread: difference between level of attachment
to Europe and average level of attachment to nation/
region/city (or town or village) among EU movers and
stayers (2004 and 2010–2011) 133
6.3 Distribution of the index of individual transnationalism
(in %) 139
7.1 Income inequality between countries and intra-EU
movers’ stocks in EU15 (1986–2010) 147
7.2 Mobility more than migration: Growth of world
population, migrant stocks and international arrivals,
1960–2011 (1960 = 100) 149
List of Tables
1.1 Milestones of the EU free movement regime 18
2.1 Main European policies favouring intra-EU mobility 36
3.1 The rise of Central-Eastern Europeans residing in
other EU member states, 2000–2011 (2000 = 100) 57
3.2 EU movers in 2001: % of each nationality by country
of residence 60
3.3 EU movers in 2012: % of each nationality by country
of residence 62
3.4 EU movers in 2001: % of countries of residence
by nationality 64
3.5 EU movers in 2012: % of countries of residence
by nationality 66
3.6 Dispersion of intra-EU mobility by nationality in
2001 and 2012 (Lieberson index) 69
3.7 National patterns of geographical mobility
in the EU between 2001 and 2012 70
3.8 Mobility and work during the crisis: occupational
positions of ‘stayers’ and ‘movers’ from the EU15 and
from new member states (NMS) of the first and second
enlargements, 2007 and 2010 (as % of workers per
occupational category) 71
3.9 Stocks of EU movers in selected EU countries:
growth rate (2006 = 100) 76
5.1 The political participation of EU movers and stayers:
components of the politicization index (%) 110
5.2 Determinants of political involvement of EU movers
in 2004 (EIMSS) and 2011 (Moveact): OLS regressions
of the politicization index 113
viii
List of Tables ix
5.3 Determinants of voting for the European Parliament
among EU movers in 2004 and 2011: logit regressions 119
6.1 Determinants of attachment to Europe in 2004 and
2010–2011: logit regressions (‘very attached’ vs
‘fairly, not very or not at all attached’) 134
6.2 Determinants of identity spread in 2004 and 2010–2011:
OLS regressions of the difference between attachment to
Europe and attachments to nation/region/city
(or town or village) 136
6.3 Determinants of attachment to Europe among EU
movers in 2004 and 2010–2011: logit regressions
(‘very attached’ vs ‘fairly, not very or not at all attached’) 137
6.4 Mobility experiences, individual transnationalism
and attachment to the EU in the EU population:
multi-level logit regressions (‘very attached’ vs
‘fairly, not very or not at all attached’) 140