Table Of ContentMobile Antenna Systems Handbook
Third Edition
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For a listing of recent titles in the Artech House Antennas and Propagation Series,
turn to the back of this book.
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Mobile Antenna Systems Handbook
Third Edition
Kyohei Fujimoto
Editor
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ISBN-13:978-1-59693-126-8
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2008ARTECHHOUSE,INC.
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10987654321
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To the memory of Professor J. R. James, who unfortunately passed away at
the planning stage of the third edition of Mobile Antenna Systems
Handbook (MASH). Professor James greatly contributed to the first and
secondeditionsofMASHasacoeditorandoneofthecoauthors.ProfessorJames
is well known as a pioneer of printed and microstrip antennas. His death
leaves us with a large scientific, technological, and personal void, but
the rich heritage he has left is of inestimable benefit to us. His pioneering
work stimulated the further study and development of printed antennas and
microstrip antennas and encouraged the creation of various types of planar
antennas, which are particularly significant in mobile systems where
small, compact antennas are required.
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Contents
Preface to the Third Edition xvii
Chapter 1 Importance of Antennas in Mobile Systems and Recent Trends 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Trends 9
1.2.1 Mobile Systems 13
1.2.2 Increasing Information Flow 15
1.2.3 Propagation 15
1.3 Modern Mobile Antenna Design 15
1.4 Objectives of This Book 19
References 22
Chapter 2 Essential Techniques in Mobile Antenna Systems Design 25
2.1 Mobile Communication Systems 25
2.1.1 Technologies in Mobile Communications 25
2.1.2 Frequencies Used in Mobile Systems 31
2.1.3 System Design and Antennas 33
2.2 Fundamentals in Land Mobile Propagation 34
2.2.1 Propagation Problems in Land Mobile Communications 34
2.2.2 Multipath Propagation Fundamentals 36
2.2.3 Classification of Multipath Propagation Models: NB, WB, and
UWB 38
2.2.4 Spatio-Temporal Propagation Channel Model 40
2.2.5 Relation Between Space Correlation Characteristics and Space
Diversity Effect 44
2.2.6 Propagation Modeling for OFDM 47
2.2.7 Propagation Studies for UWB 50
References 51
vii
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viii
Chapter 3 Advances in Mobile Propagation Prediction Methods 55
3.1 Introduction 55
3.2 Macrocells 55
3.2.1 Definition of Parameters 57
3.2.2 Empirical Path Loss Models 58
3.2.3 Physical Models 65
3.2.4 Comparison of Models 76
3.2.5 Computerized Planning Tools 76
3.2.6 Conclusions 77
3.3 Microcells 78
3.3.1 Dual-Slope Empirical Models 79
3.3.2 Physical Models 81
3.3.3 Nonline-of-Sight Models 86
3.3.4 Microcell Propagation Models: Discussion 92
3.3.5 Microcell Shadowing 93
3.3.6 Conclusions 93
3.4 Picocells 93
3.4.1 Empirical Models of Propagation Within Buildings 94
3.4.2 Empirical Models of Propagation into Buildings 97
3.4.3 Physical Models of Indoor Propagation 101
3.4.4 Constitutive Parameters for Physical Models 105
3.4.5 Propagation in Picocells: Discussion 105
3.4.6 Multipath Effects 106
3.4.7 Conclusions 108
3.5 Megacells 108
3.5.1 Shadowing and Fast Fading 110
3.5.2 Local Shadowing Effects 111
3.5.3 Empirical Narrowband Models 113
3.5.4 Statistical Models 115
3.5.5 Physical-Statistical Models for Built-Up Areas 122
3.5.6 Wideband Models 131
3.5.7 Multisatellite Correlations 131
3.5.8 Overall Mobile-Satellite Channel Model 133
3.6 The Future 134
3.6.1 Intelligent Antennas 134
3.6.2 Multidimensional Channel Models 135
3.6.3 High-Resolution Data 135
3.6.4 Analytical Formulations 135
3.6.5 Physical-Statistical Channel Modeling 136
3.6.6 Real-Time Channel Predictions 136
3.6.7 Overall 136
References 137
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ix
Chapter 4 Antennas for Base Stations 141
4.1 Basic Techniques for Base Station Antennas 141
4.1.1 System Requirements 141
4.1.2 Types of Antennas 143
4.1.3 Radio Zone Design 144
4.1.4 Diversity 146
4.2 Design and Practice of Japanese Systems 151
4.2.1 Multiband Antennas 151
4.2.2 Remote Beam Tilting System 157
4.2.3 Antennas for Radio Blind Areas 158
4.2.4 Antennas for CDMA Systems 164
4.3 Adaptive Antenna Systems 170
4.3.1 Personal Handy Phone System 170
4.3.2 W-OAM 172
4.3.3 i-Burst System 173
4.3.4 Experimental System of Adaptive Array for WCDMA 175
4.3.5 Experimental System of Adaptive Array for CDMA2000
1xEV-DO 176
4.4 Design and Practice II (European Systems) 177
4.4.1 Antenna Configurations 179
4.4.2 Antenna Solutions 187
4.4.3 Antenna Units 195
4.4.4 Antenna Development Trends 203
References 208
Chapter 5 Antennas for Mobile Terminals 213
5.1 Basic Techniques for Mobile Terminal Antennas 213
5.1.1 General 213
5.1.2 Brief Historical Review of Design Concept 215
5.1.3 Modern Antenna Technology 217
5.2 Design and Practice of Antennas for Handsets I 219
5.2.1 Some Fundamental Issues 220
5.2.2 Various Multiband Antenna Concepts 226
5.2.3 Antenna Integration and Some Practical Issues 239
5.2.4 The Multichannel Antenna Applications 245
5.2.5 Human Body Interaction with Terminal Antennas and Some
Measurement Methods 257
5.3 Design and Practice of Antennas for Handsets 266
5.3.1 Multiband and Broad Band Antenna Technologies 268
5.3.2 Diversity Antenna Technologies 274
5.3.3 Antenna Technologies Mitigating Human Body Effect 287
5.3.4 Antenna Technologies for Reducing SAR 298
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