Table Of ContentPerspectives on Rethinking and Reforming Education
Shengquan Yu
Mohamed Ally
Avgoustos Tsinakos Editors
Mobile and
Ubiquitous
Learning
An International Handbook
Perspectives on Rethinking and Reforming
Education
Series editors
Zhongying Shi, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
Shengquan Yu, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
Thisbookseriesbringstogetherthelatestinsightsandworkregardingthefutureof
educationfromagroup ofhighlyregardedscholarsaround theworld.It isthefirst
collection of interpretations from around the globe and contributes to the
interdisciplinary and international discussions on possible future demands on our
educationsystem.It servesasaglobalforumfor scholarly andprofessionaldebate
on all aspects of future education. The book series proposes a total rethinking of
how the whole education process can be reformed and restructured, including the
main drivers and principles for reinventing schools in the global knowledge
economy, models for designing smart learning environments at the institutional
level,anewpedagogyandrelatedcurriculumsforthe21stcentury,thetransitionto
digital and situated learning resources, open educational resources and MOOCs,
new approaches to cognition and neuroscience as well as the disruption of
education sectors. The series provides an opportunity to publish reviews, issues of
general significance to theory development, empirical data-intensive research and
critical analysis innovationineducationalpractice. Itprovidesaglobal perspective
on the strengths and weaknesses inherent in the implementation of certain
approaches to the future of education. It not only publishes empirical studies but
also stimulates theoretical discussions and addresses practical implications. The
volumesinthisseriesareinterdisciplinaryinorientation,andprovideamultiplicity
of theoretical and practical perspectives. Each volume is dedicated to a specific
theme in education and innovation, examining areas that are at the cutting edge
of the field and are groundbreaking in nature. Written in an accessible style, this
book series will appeal to researchers, policy-makers, scholars, professionals and
practitioners working in the field of education.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14177
Shengquan Yu Mohamed Ally
(cid:129)
Avgoustos Tsinakos
Editors
Mobile and Ubiquitous
Learning
An International Handbook
123
Editors
Shengquan Yu AvgoustosTsinakos
Beijing NormalUniversity Eastern MacedoniaandThrace Institute
Beijing ofTechnology
China Kavala
Greece
MohamedAlly
Athabasca University
Alberta
Canada
ISSN 2366-1658 ISSN 2366-1666 (electronic)
Perspectives onRethinking andReforming Education
ISBN978-981-10-6143-1 ISBN978-981-10-6144-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6144-8
北京师范大学教育学学科综合建设专项资金资助 Funded by Comprehensive Discipline
Construction Fundof Faculty of Education, Beijing NormalUniversity
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Foreword
Advances in access to mobile technologies have been phenomenal in recent years.
The UNESCO Web site reports that there are currently more than 1.75 billion
smartphoneusersintheworld,andover6billionpeoplehaveaccesstoaconnected
mobiledevice.ForeverythreepersonswhoaccesstheInternet,twowilldosofrom
a mobile device. Such developments provide up-to-now unheralded connectivity
andsupportvariousformsofinteractionsamongpeople,aswellasenableaccessto
digital resources. They are transforming the technological landscape for living,
work, play, and learning.
In the area of learning and education, mobile technologies enable learning
anywhere and anytime. When mobile technologies are ready-at-hand as well as
ubiquitous,therearemoreopportunitiesforlearnerstoaccess,share,andconstruct
knowledge readily in different settings and modes. Indeed, there is uniqueness in
mobile and ubiquitous learning which makes it stand apart from access to tradi-
tional learning from desktop-bound computers. Informed by the fields of the
learningsciences, educational psychology,andeducational technologies, designers
of learning can make use of such affordances, or design new affordances to create
learningandinstructionalspaces,scenarios, tasks,andexperiencesthatfosterdeep
and meaningful learning.
Mobile learning can be happening in formal spaces of learning, or in informal
spaces which are outside of the formal spaces. It can also integrate aspects or
episodes of informal learning with formal learning, creating opportunities for
seamless learning. Ubiquitous learning provides a notion of learning which is
motivatedorenabledbythemobility,ubiquity,andcontextualawarenessofdigital
and networked technologies. In ubiquitous learning, learners leverage on the per-
vasive and embedded technologies around us. Mobile learning enables learning in
contextwithawarenessofthecontextdetectedandsupportedbylocation-basedand
other sensor-based technologies.
While there is a lot of promise and potential in mobile and ubiquitous learning,
this field is still very much understudied and undertheorized. The challenge for
research is to develop these designs of learning, and use them to study mobile
learning—what works and how it works—so as to provide an evidence base
v
vi Foreword
oftheories,designs,andimplementationchallengesofmobilelearning.Intermsof
implementation,thereisstillmuchgroundtocoverintermsofloweringthebarriers
to adoption, sustained use in learning practices, and scaling up. Mobile usage in
everyday life is rife, but mobile usage for learning can still go a long way.
This book is a timely contribution on some of the latest research and develop-
ment areas and trends for mobile and ubiquitous learning. The chapters focus on
demonstrations and discussions of new designs and developments in the field of
mobile andubiquitous learning. Therearechaptersthat shareworkonadvances in
technologies like wearables, and virtual and augmented realities for learning;
advancesinanalysismethodslikesocialnetworkanalysis;theapplicationofmobile
technologies in formal and informal learning; and implementation and ethical
issues; and even a chapter that take in traditional psychological constructs like
mindfulness and recontextualize them in a mobile learning context. The chapters
provide a platform to readers elucidating current research work from taking some
oftheseideastoapplytobuildinguponintheirownresearchpursuits.Thespaceof
possibilities for enhancing or disrupting learning ecologies has never been greater
than at any other point in human history. This book will prompt us to reflect on
what this collection of research studies done internationally has informed us on
wherewearenowinthisjourneyofdesigningandimplementingdesignsofmobile
and ubiquitous learning.
Prof. Chee-Kit Looi
National Institute of Education
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Acknowledgements
The publicationof thisbookwas madepossible bythe support of many individuals.
ThankstoMs.Xuanwei(Ada)Maforprovidingexcellentcoordinationsupportforthe
book, which paves the way for the successful publication of the book. Ms. Ma also
assisted in proofreading of the book. Thanks to the Advanced Innovation Center for
Future Education (AICFE) of Beijing Normal University and Mr. Tom Tang for his
leadership and support for the book. Special thanks to the reviewers of the chapters
andtoSpringerforpublishingthebook.Finally,thankstothechapterauthorsfrom15
countries who have contributed impressive chapters for the book.
vii
Contents
Part I Theoretical Foundation
1 Mobile Digital Games as an Educational Tool
in K-12 Schools .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 3
Helen Crompton, Yi-Ching Lin, Diane Burke and Alana Block
2 Mindfulness in Mobile and Ubiquitous Learning: Harnessing
the Power of Attention .. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 19
Agnieszka Palalas
3 An Analysis of Adult Language Learning in Informal
Settings and the Role of Mobile Learning.... .... .... ..... .... 45
Gráinne Conole and Pascual Pérez Paredes
4 Opening Real Doors: Strategies for Using Mobile
Augmented Reality to Create Inclusive Distance Education
for Learners with Different-Abilities .... .... .... .... ..... .... 59
Amy Tesolin and Avgoustos Tsinakos
5 Ethical Considerations in the Incorporation of Mobile
and Ubiquitous Technologies into Teaching and Learning
in Educational Contexts . ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 81
Jocelyn Wishart
6 Mobile Virtual Reality: A Promising Technology to Change
the Way We Learn and Teach. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 95
Elena Olmos, Janaina Ferreira Cavalcanti, José-Luís Soler,
Manuel Contero and Mariano Alcañiz
7 Mobile Learning Pedagogical Quality Standards for Higher
Education Institutes in Developing Countries. .... .... ..... .... 107
Hend Merza
ix
x Contents
8 Core Technologies in Mobile Learning .. .... .... .... ..... .... 127
Qi Wang
9 Contexts of Learning and Challenges of Mobility: Designing
for a Blur Between Formal and Informal Learning.... ..... .... 141
Jimmy Jaldemark
10 Supporting Training of Expertise with Wearable
Technologies: The WEKIT Reference Framework. .... ..... .... 157
Bibeg Limbu, Mikhail Fominykh, Roland Klemke,
Marcus Specht and Fridolin Wild
11 Formal and Informal Learning Using Mobile Technology.... .... 177
Abdelwahed Elsafi
Part II Research and Applications
12 Supporting Mobile Instructional Design with CSAM... ..... .... 193
Robert Power
13 A Study of Learning Achievements in Collaborative
Construction Knowledge Space in Seamless Learning .. ..... .... 211
Shengquan Yu and Na Ren
14 Mobile Applications for Encyclopedias .. .... .... .... ..... .... 229
Paul Neuhold, Martin Ebner and Hermann Maurer
15 Use of Social Media and Social Network Analysis
for Mobile Learning .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 249
Helmi Norman, Mohamed Ally and Norazah Nordin
16 Large-Scale Deployment of Tablet Computers
in Brazilian Public Schools: Decisive Factors
and an Implementation Model. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 261
Giovanni Farias, Mohamed Ally and Fernando José Spanhol
17 Successful Delivery of a MOOC Via Basic Mobile Phones:
A Case Study of Mobile Learning in India for Increasing
Awareness of Science-Based Production Practices Among
Semiskilled Horticultural Farmers.. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 279
Raj Kishen Moloo, T.V. Prabhakar, Venkataraman Balaji
and Kavi Khedo
18 Student Learner Characteristics and Adoption
of M-learning: Are We Effectively Supporting Students?..... .... 305
Alice Schmidt Hanbidge, Tony Tin and Nicole Sanderson
