Table Of ContentMOBILE AND PERSONAL SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
Proceedings or the First European Workshop on MobilelPersonal
Satcoms (EMPS'94)
F. Ananasso and F. Vatalaro
Mobile and Personal
Satellite Communications
Proceedings of the First European
Workshop on Mobile/Personal Satcoms
(EMPS'94)
With 130 Figures
Springer
London Berlin Heidelberg New York
Paris Tokyo Hong Kong
Barcelona Budapest
Professor Fulvio Ananasso
Telecom Italia / Telespazio
Via Tiburtina, 965
00156 Roma
Italy
Professor Francesco Vatalaro
Universita' di Roma "Tor Vergata" (DIE)
Via Della Ricerca Scientifica
00133 Roma
Italy
ISBN-13: 978-3-540-19933-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4471-3023-9
001: 10.1007/978-1-4471-3023-9
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
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Table of Contents
Foreword: The Role of Satellites Within the Personal Communication
Services Scenario... .. .... .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .... . . ... .. .. .. .. .. . . ... .. .. .. ... vii
Part I: Serl'ices, markets and regulatory issues
F. Ananasso System, Market and Regulatory Aspects for Satellite
Personal Communications................................................................ 3
P. Porzio Giusto and G. Quaglione Technical Alternatives for
Satellite Mobile Networks ................................................................ 15
Part II: Concepts, systems and key technologies
J. Ventura-Traveset, M. Hollreiser, I. Stojkovic, and F. Petz
A Digital Transparent Satellite Payload Concept for Personal Mobile
Satellite Communications: a VLSI Technology Review ........................ 31
H. Kuhlen Multi-Media Satellite Mobile Services and Systems............. 58
R. De Gaudenz~ T. Garde, F. Giannetti, and M. Luise
An Overview of CDMA Techniques for Mobile and Personal Satellite
Communications............................................................................ 78
M. Lisi, M. Piccinni, and A Vemucci Payload Design Alternatives
for Geostationary Personal Communications Satellites ........................... 105
Part III: Processing and network aspects
E. Del Re, P. lannucc~ F. Argenti, B. G. Evans, W. Zhao, and
R. Ta/azolli Interworking Procedures Between Cellular Networks
and Satellite Systems ....................................................................... 123
F. Delli Priscoli Network Aspects on the Integration Between the
UMTS Network and Satellite Systems ................................................ 142
P. Capodieci, M. Caucci, R. Del Ricco, and A. Vemuccii Gateway
Earth Stations for Future LEO Communications Satellite Systems .......... 156
A. BOttcher ,G.E. Corazza, E. Lutz. F. Vatalaro, and M. Werner
Aspects of Satellite Constellation and System Connectivity Analysis ....... 174
C. Cullen, A Sammut, R. Ta/azolli, and B.G. Evans Networking
and Signalling Aspects of a Satellite Personal Communications Network .. 202
Part IV: Channel and radiofrequency aspects
G.E. Corazza, A. Jahn, E. Lutz, and F. Vatalaro Channel
Characterization for Mobile Satellite Communications. .......................... 225
G. Butt, B.G. Evans, and M.A.N. Parks Channel Models for
MobilelPersonal Satellite Communication Systems ................. ; ............ 251
E. Damosso, G. Di Bernardo, AL. Rallo, M. Sforza, and L. StoIa
Propagation Models for the Land Mobile Satellite Channel:
Validation Aspects .......................................................................... 263
E. Biglieri Advances in Modulation and Coding for the Satellite
Mobile ChanneL ............................................................................. 277
Part V: Panel papers
J.F. Huber MobilelPersonal Satcoms System Alternatives -
Satellite and Network Aspects ........................................................... 287
H. Kuhlen Market Prospective: Satellite Mobile Multi-Media
Services and Systems ....................................................................... 295
J.B. Lagarde, D. Rouf/et, and M. Cohen GLOBALSTAR System:
an Overview ................................................................................... 306
C. Mastracci, and D. Santilli Strategy of Alenia Spazio in Mobile
Communications ............................................................................ 311
G. Stette Standards for Satellite Personal Communications
Networks ....................................................................................... 317
S. C. Taylor System Alternatives for Satellite Personal
Communications: a Satellite Manufacturer's View ................................ 323
L. Vandebrouck The Developments of Euteltracs and Some Lessons
for Future Systems .......................................................................... 327
Appendix: Program of the 1st European Workshop on
MobilelPersonal Satcoms (EMPS'94) ................................................. 333
Foreword:
The Role of Satellites Within the Personal
Communication Services Scenario
The evolution from network-oriented to user-oriented services bas characterized
the world of satellite communications in the 80' s and early 90' s, more and
more attempting to reach the customer premises with Direct-To-Home (DTH)
features in order to increase the penetration of satellite services into the user
community. In parallel, during the last few years, a worldwide interest and
unanimous consensus has arisen on Personal Communication Services (PCS),
where satellites can playa crucial role in a global scenario for the provision of
PCS all over the world.
Cellular systems (e.g., GSM, the well-known European digital standard),
telepoint and cordless systems (e.g., cn, DECT), as well as existing Mobile
Satellite Systems (such as those of INMARSAT) using the geostationary
orbit (GEO), and future LowlMedium Earth Orbit (LEOIMEO) systems for
global personal communications: all of these are examples of PCS systems.
Each of these systems is based on technologies designed and optimised for
specific market segments and traffic scenarios. Telepointlcordless systems
match the requirement for wireless communications in very high traffic density
environments (residential, in-building, public transportation, etc.). Cellular
networks are the winning choice for high-to-medium traffic density areas
(urban, suburban; and possibly rural environments), mainly in higbly
developed Countries. Satellite communications play their role whenever the
terrestrial networks are either not competitive (low traffic density areas), not
applicable (maritime and aeronautical services), or insufficiently deployed (less
developed Countries).
For maritime and aeronautical communication services, where terminals are
not strictly required to be "personal", the mature technologies of GEO satellite
systems are likely to be the most suitable for present and future enhanced
systems. GEO satellites can even be effectively utilized for setting up Satellite
Personal Communication Networks (S-PCN). Even without considering
portable solutions as the so-called "mini-M" standard (voice/data service over
lap-top-size terminals), likely to be into service in 1996 with INMARSAT III
satellites, there are several relevant examples of how to implement S-PCNs
with large GEO spacecraft, although requiring at L-band heavily RF-powered
multiple beam antennas (exceeding 6 m diameter) to service compact-size
hand-held terminals. Examples are given by the architectures proposed by
several companies to set up the Standard P, i.e. the personal communications
system in the framework of INMARSAT Project 21. Other examples are
provided by existing systems and systems to be deployed in the near term
(such as the Australian AUSSAT and the American MSAT), and by systems
for medium-long term, such as SPACEWAY and TRITIUM proposed by
Hughes, and CELSAT.
However, for satellite PCNs other orbital configurations (i.e., LEOIMEO
constellations) are being considered for the provision of personal
communication services to hand-held terminals. Differently from GEO
satellites, a LEO spacecraft only flies across an area for some tens of minutes
a few times a day (depending on the orbital parameters), so that a real-time
service is not feasible unless a complete constellation of LEO satellites is
operational, in such a way to have at least one satellite in visibility at any
moment. Conversely, the lower altitude brings the advantages of a lower
transmission delay and a lower free space attenuation, making reasonable a
more effective communication performance with lighter and less expensive
user terminals. On these concepts is based the exciting challenge of systems as
the 66-satellite IRIDIUM by Motorola, the 48-satellite GLOBALSTAR by
Loral-QuaIcomm.
From a commercial standpoint, S-PCNs are extremely attractive, since
they may serve a significant sector of the cellular market, at least wherever the
cellular coverage is poor, thus augmenting the cellular coverage. This market
is growing up at an enormous rate. The cellular phones throughout the world
were 7.8 million in April 1990, rising to more than 15.8 million in May
1992, and above 25 million in July 1993. Only across Europe 6 million
analogue cellular users were present in February 1993 and about 8.5 million at
the end of 1993: with GSM, started in 1992, more than 10 million
subscribers are expected in Europe by 1996.
Conservative forecasts of worldwide cellular market indicate that America
alone - mostly represented by USA - will pass from 17 million subscribers in
1993 to more than 60 million in the year 2005; Europe (8.5 million in 1993)
will exceed 42 million, whereas the Asia-Pacific region is estimated to
explode from the 6.5 million in 1993 to more than 67 million in 2005.
Worldwide the 34 million subscribers of 1993 will likely become at least 125
million in 1999 and 188 million in the year 2005. Only 4-5 % of these users
- which however means a "niche" market of several million users! - is expected
to subscribe to S-PCNs like IRIDIUM, GLOBALSTAR, as well.
For these and other substantial reasons that you will discover going
through these Proceedings, we think that the focus of the EMPS'94 workshop
is extremely timely, also for the heavy influence that Europe can have on the
market penetration of the S-PCNs proposed so far, and for the exploration and
exploitation of new frontiers in satellite communications.
This volume is divided into five parts. The fIrst part is devoted to an
analysis of S-PCN services, markets and regulatory issues. The fIrst paper by
F. Ananasso considers both "big LEOs" and "little LEOs" potential markets,
spectrum allocations and regulatory aspects. The second paper by P. Porzio
Giusto and G. Quaglione dwells on main technical characteristics of some of
the recently proposed LEO and MEO systems.
The second part addresses technical concepts at system and subsystem
levels and key technologies for S-PCNs. The paper by J. Ventura-Traveset et
al. deals with a transparent satellite payload concept based on extensive use of
digital techniques. Then, the paper by H. Kuhlen treats the subject of multi-
media integrated services and the possibilities of their provision via satellite
systems. De Gaudenzi et al. address the Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA) technique and its application within mobile/personal satellite
systems. Finally, in their paper, M. Lis; et al. analyse some of the most
novel payload architectures proposable for GEO satellites.
In the third part processing and network aspects are covered. First, E. Del
Re et al. consider technical aspects of the interworking between cellular
networks and satellite systems. Then, F. Delli Priscoli concentrates on
integration aspects in the framework of the future European Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS). In the following paper by P. Capodieci
et al. focus is on the special architecture design of gateway earth stations
suited to LEO satellite systems. A. Bottcher et al. dwell on several system
aspects connected to the use of non-geostationary orbit systems, including in-
space connectivity problems. Finally, C. Cullen et al. deal with networking
and signalling aspects for S-PCNs.
The fourth part is devoted to channel and radiofrequency aspects. G. E.
Corazza et al. consider alternatives for the statistical characterization of the
mobile satellite channel. The paper by G. Butt et al. faces empirical and
statistical channel modeling for mobile and personal satellite communications.
Then, E. Damosso et al. analyse deterministic channel modelling via ray-
tracing techniques and address the problem of channel mewurements at Ka-
band. Finally, in the paper by E. Biglieri advances in modulation, channel and
source coding particularly applicable to the satellite mobile channel are
reviewed.
The fifth and last part of these Proceedings collects some of the interesting
speeches that were given during the two EMPS'94 panel sessions on market
prospectives and on system altematives. For completeness of information, the
program of EMPS '94 is also provided as an appendix.
In conclusion, we invite you to read these Proceedings, confident that you
will fmd them interesting and appropriate, and we look forward to seeing you
at the next editions of the European Workshop on MobilelPersonal Satcoms!
Fulvio Ananasso Francesco Vatalaro
Fulvio Ananasso received an Francesco Vatalaro received the
Electronics and Electrical Dr. Ing. degree in Electronics
Communications Degree from the Engineering in 1977 from the
University of Rome in 1973, after University of Bologna, ftaly. Then
which he joined Selenia (Rome) as a he was with Fondazione Ugo
microwave designer in the Bordoni at Pontecchio Marconi,
Development Laboratory. He was involved in research activities on
involved in several military and radio-systems for air navigation and
civilian projects concerning control. In 1980 he joined the
microwave sub-systems for Radar, Central Laboratory of FACE
Avionics and Satellite Standard, Pomezia, researching
Communications equipment. In microwave systems design and
1981 he joined TELESPAZIO measurements. After, with Selenia
(Rome) - the Italian signatory to Spazio, Roma, he was group leader
EUTELSA T, INMARSAT and of satellite ground segment
INTELSAT - as Section Chief in radiosystems engineering, being
the Space and Advanced Programs mainly involved in the ITA LSAT
Division, with responsibilities satellite programme. In 1987 he
related to satellite payload and became Associate Professor of
digital transmission channel design. Radio Systems at Electronics
In 1987 he was appointed Associate Engineering Department of the
Professor of Digital Signal University of Roma Tor Vergata. In
Processing at the University of the period 198711989 he was project
Rome Tor Vergata, Electronics manager of the ground segment of
Engineering Department In 1990 he the European Data Relay System.
rejoined TELESP AZIO where he is F.Vatalaro was co-winner of the
now Director of the Advanced 1990 "Piero Fanti" INTELSA T I
Studies and New Missions Telespazio international prize. His
Division. He has performed a research interests include mobile and
number of studies for National personal communication systems
and International Organizations, and spread spectrum systems.
including ESA, EUTELSAT, Professor Vatalaro is a senior
INMARSAT and INTELSAT. He is member of the IEEE, and a member
author of a Radio Systems book, a of the Italian AEL
chapter ("Digital Transmission
Channel") of the "Satellite
Communication Systems Design"
book by Plenum Publishing (1993)
and over 100 technical papers on
communication system technology.
Part I
Services, markets and regulatory issues
