Mission science planning document Apollo Mission J-2 - Lunar and

406 Pages·2013·14.3 MB·English

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MARCH 15, 1972
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SCIENCE MISSIONS SUPPORT DIVISION
SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS 'DIRECTORATE
MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER
H 0 U STON .TEXAS

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
MISSION SCIENCE PLANNING DOCUMENT
APOLLO MISSION J-2
(Apollo 16)
REVISION
March 15, 1972
Prepared by TRW Systems
for
SCIENCE MISSIONS SUPPORT DIVISION
SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS DIRECTORATE
MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER
HOUSTON, TEXAS
Contract NAS 9-12330
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MSC-04143
MISSION SCIENCE PLANNING DOCUMENT
APOLLO MISSION J-2
(Apollo 16)
REVISION
SUBMITTED BY:
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Richard R. BadWi1;,TDl2
Mission Science Manager
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
A number of Manned Spacecraft Center and Contractor organizations were
responsible for providing data contained in this document. Acknowledgment
is made to the organizations listed below for their valuable support and
contributions:
• Section II, Experiment and Equipment Description: Apollo Lunar
Surface Experiment Package (ALSEP) equipment descriptions
supplied by the Bendix Aerospace Systems Group.
• Section III, Photographic Plan: Science Requirements and
Operations Branch/TDS, supported by General Electric
Company; Mapping Science Branch/TFS; and Photographic
Technology Division/JL.
• Section IV, Lunar Surface Science Plan: Systems
Engineering Division/PD, USGS Center of Astrogeology,
and Bellcomm, Inc.
• Section VI, Science Recovery Plan: Science Requirements
and Operations Branch/TDS, supported by General Electric
Company.
• Section VII, Lunar Receiving Laboratory Plan: Lunar
Receiving Laboratory/TL.
• Section VIII, Science Contingency Data: Science
Requirements and Operations Branch/TDS, supported by
General Electric Company.
• Appendix E, Film Characteristics and Processing Test
Data: Photographic Technology Division/JL.
Information, advice, and support provided by many other organizations
and personnel, too numerous to list, are also gratefully acknowledged.
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INTRODUCTION
The Mission Science Planning Document (MSPD) is intended primarily as
a science overview for use by experiment Principal Investigators, members
of the scientific community, and personnel involved in planning science
activities for the Apollo Mission J-2. It is also intended to provide
detailed interim data for use in implementing the science requirements pre
sented in the MSC-controlled J-2 Mission Requirements Document (MRD) until
such data are published in other MSC-controlled documents. Such documents
include the Apollo 16 Flight Plan, Apollo 16 Lunar Surface Procedures,
Apollo 16 Flight Mission Rules, Apollo Operations Handbook, and CSM/LM
Spacecraft Operational Data Book. The MRD contains the science and opera
tional requirements for science experiments and science-related detailed
objectives assigned to the mission; the other documents present detailed
hardware data and procedures for implementing these requirements. In case
of conflicts, the MRD and other controlled documents take precedence over
the MSPD.
The MSPD is divided into eight sections: Section I, General Mission
Science Planning; Section II, Experiment and Equipment Description;
Section III, Photographic Plan; Section IV, Lunar Surface Science Plan;
Section V, Science Activities Rationale; Section VI, Science Recovery Plan;
Section VII, Lunar Receiving Laboratory Plan; and Section VIII, Science
Contingency Data. These sections contain detailed data which supplement
science requirements incorporated in Sections 4 and 5 of the MRD. The MSPD
also contains five appendixes: Appendix A, Acronyms and Abbreviations;
Appendix B, Glossary; Appendix C, References; Appendix D, Distribution; and
Appendix E, Film Characteristics and Processing Test Data.
The publication schedule for the MSPD has been coordinated with other
MSC organizations to optimize the availability and use of science data for
preparation of MSC-controlled documents. Nominal MSPD publication dates
for each mission are L-9 months (Preliminary), L-5 months (Final), and
L-2 1/2 months (Revision). Schedules and contents will be changed as
necessary to satisfy user needs.
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All proposed changes to and requests for additional copies of the MSPD
should be submitted in writing to the following representative of the
Science Missions Support Division, Science and Applications Directorate,
Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas:
Mr. Richard R. Baldwin/TDi2
Mission Science Manager
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CONTENTS
Page
I. GENERAL MISSION SCIENCE PLANNING. . 1-1
1.1 General. 1-1
1.2 Mission Description. . 1-1
1.2.1 J-2 Mission Characteristics . . . 1-1
1.2.2 Landing Site Description. . • 1-3
1.2.3 Primary Mission Science Objectives. 1-3
1.2.4 Mission Science-Oriented Experiments and
Detailed Objectives . . . • . . . . • . . 1-4
1.3 Conduct of Mission Science Activities. 1-5
1.3.1 Earth Orbit Science Activities. 1-5
1.3.2 Translunar Coast Science Activities . 1-5
1.3.3 Lunar Science Activities ...•.. . 1-6
1.3.3.1 Lunar Orbit Science Activities ...• 1-6
1.3.3.2 Lunar Surface Science Activities •.• 1-7
1.3.4 Transearth Coast Science Activities ...... 1-8
1.4 Priority of Science Experiments and Detailed
Objectives .....•...• 1-8
II. EXPERIMENT AND EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION. 2-1
2.1 General .......•.... . 2-1
2.2 Lunar Orbit Science Experiments and Detailed
Objectives .......•......... 2-1
2.2.1 Command Module Science Experiments and
Detailed Objectives ......... . 2-1
2.2.1.1 Command Module Photographic
Tasks . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
2.2.1.2 Apollo Window Meteoroid (S-176) . . 2-3
2.2.1.3 UV Photography - Earth and Moon
(S-177) . . . . . • . . . . . . 2-3
2.2.1.4 Gegenschein from Lunar Orbit
(S-178) .•......... 2-4
2.2.1.5 Visual Observations from Lunar
Orbit . . • . . . . . . • . • . 2-4
2.2.2 Service Module Science Experiments and
Detailed Objectives • . . . . . • . . . 2-4
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CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
2.2.2.1 SM Orbital Photographic Tasks. 2-4
2.2.2.2 Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (S-160) • 2-8
2.2.2.3 X-Ray Fluorescence (S-161) • • • • • 2-10
2.2.2.4 Alpha Particle Spectrometer
(S-162) •••••••••••• 2-11
2.2.2.5 Mass Spectrometer (S-165)'. • • 2-12
2.2.2.6 Subsatellite (S-164, S-173,
S-174) • • • • • • • • • • • • 2-15
2.2.2.7 S-Band Transponder (CSM/LM)
(S-164) •••••••• 2-18
2.2.2.8 Bistatic Radar (S-170) • • 2-19
2.3 Lunar Surface Science Experiments • 2-19
.
. . .
2.3.1 ALSEP Experiments ••••• 2-19
2.3.1.1 ALSEP Central Station. 2-19
2.3.1.2 Passive Seismic (S-031). 2-20
2.3.1.3 Active Seismic (S-033) • 2-21
2.3.1.4 Lunar Surface Magnetometer
(S-034) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23
2.3.1.5 Heat Flow (S-037). • •••• 2-24
. . .
2.3.2 Other Surface Experiments •• 2-25
2.3.2.1 Lunar Geo.lo g.y .I n.v .e s.ti g.a .ti o.n . .
(S-059). . 2-25
2.3.2.2 Solar Wind Composition (S-080) 2-26
2.3.2.3 Cosmic Ray. D. e.t e.c to. r . (S.h .e e.ts ). . .
(S-152). 2-27
2.3.2.4 Portable Magnetometer (S. -1.9 .8 ). 2-30
2.3.2.5 Soil Mechanics (S-200) 2-31
2.3.2.6 Far UV Ca.m e.r a./ S.p e.c t.ro s.c o.p e. .
(S-201). 2-32
. . . . . . . .
III. PHOTOGRAPHIC PLAN. • 3-1
3.1 General • • •• 3-1
3.2 Summary of Film Types . 3-1
. .
3.3 Photographic/Science Requirements Correlation 3-2
3.4 Photographic Reproduction Requirements •• 3-2
IV. LUNAR SURFACE SCIENCE PLAN • 4-1
4.1 General 4-1
4.2 Landing Site Geological 4-1
R~tionale
4.2.1 Introduction ••••••• 4-1
4.2.2 Geological Rationale 4-2
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