MINUARTIA DRUMMONDII (CARYOPHYLLACEAE) AND GRATIOLA FLAVA (PLANTAGINACEAE) REDISCOVERED IN LOUISIANA AND GRATIOLA FLAVA HISTORICALLY IN ARKANSAS

2007·4.7 MB·English

by  Michael H Macroberts

AND
DRUMMONDII
MINUARTIA (CARYOPHYLLACEAE) GRATIOLA FLAVA
AND
(PLANTAGINACEAE) REDISCOVERED LOUISIANA GRATIOLA FLAVA
IN
ARKANSAS
HISTORICALLY
IN
MacRoberts
Michael Christophers. Reid
H.
MacRoberts L
Barbara Faulkner
Patricia
R.
Bog Research, 740 Columbia Louisiana Natural hieritage Program
Shreveport Louisiana 7 USA. Louisiana Department of Wild and
11 04, life Fisheries
Museum
2000
l-lerbarium, of Life Sciences Quail Drive
Louisiana State Univeristyin Shreveport Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70898-9000, U.S.A.
USA.
Shreveport, Louisiana 71115,
Dwayne
Estes
University of Tennessee Lierbarium
University of Tennessee
Tennessee 37996-1100,
Knoxville, U.S.A.
ABSTRACT
Collected in Louisiana in the mid-nineteenth century and not found since, Minuartia drummondii and Gratiolaflava have recently been
discovered in saline prairies in Caddo and De Soto parishes. Two herbarium sheets of M. drummondii collected in the mid-nineteenth
century in Louisiana were located as well as an herbarium specimen of M. drummondii, misidentified as M. muriculata (M. muscorum),
collected in a saline prairie in Red River Parish in 1990. Herbarium sheets from the mid-nineteenth century containing G.flava specimens
from and Arkansas were
Texas, Louisiana, possibly also located.
RESUMEN
Minuartia drummondii y Gratiolaflava colectadas en Louisiana a mediados del siglo diez y nueve, que no hablan vuelto a encontrarse
y
desde entonces, se han descubierto recientemente en paraderas salinas en las parroquias de Caddo y De Soto. Fueron localizados dos
pliegos de herbario de M. drummondii colectados a mediados del siglo diez y nueve en Louisiana, asi como un pliego de M. drummondii,
mal identificada como M. muriculata (M. muscorumX colectada en una paradera salina en parroquia de Red River en 1990. Se localizaron
la
tambien pliegos de herbario de la mitad de la mitad del siglo diez y nueve que contienen especimenes de G.flava de Texas, Louisiana,
posiblemente Arkansas.
y
Minuartia drummondii (Shinners) McNeill [Arenaria drummondii Shinners] was reported in Louisiana
first
&
name
by Riddell (1852) under the Stellaria Torr. A. Gray. Schutz (1979) reported under the
nuttallii
it
name
same Rapides Parish on the basis of specimen collected in the mid-nineteenth century by Josiah
for a
Hale NO). Hale specimen presumably the source of Riddell's (1852) inclusion since he and Hale
(s.n. s is
collaborated. MacRoberts (1984) included the taxon as M. drummondii in his checklist of the Louisiana flora
NO)
on the basis of the Schutz report. MacRoberts (1989) later reported for Louisiana citing the Hale
it (s.n.
Thomas
specimen. and Allen (1996) excluded M. drummondii from the Louisiana apparently because
flora
they were unable locate an herbarium specimen. currently reported from Texas, Oklahoma, and
to It is
USDA
Meacham
Arkansas by Kartesz and Turner NatureServe and (2006) and
(1999), et (2003), (2006),
al.
in Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana by the Flora North America (2006).
of
We
NO)
located two Josiah Hale specimens of M. drummondii collected in Louisiana in the mid-
(s.n.
One
nineteenth century. label reads: "Stellaria Nuttallii, Prairies on Red River, Hale, M.D." and the other,
J.
"Stellaria Nuttallii, Moist Prairies, Caddo Par. La., April, Collected by Dr Josiah Hale." Neither of these
specimens has
a specific date.
Gratiolajlava Leavenw. ex Pennell, a West Gulf Coastal Plain endemic (MacRoberts et al. 2002), is cur-
&
Meacham
rently reported from Texas and Louisiana (Kartesz 1999; Turner 2003; NatureServe 2006;
et
al.
-
J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1 (1): 763 767. 2007
764 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 1(1)
USDA
2006). In Louisiana, G. jlava currently considered to be an historical species (Louisiana Natural
is
Heritage Program 2006) because has not been observed or collected since Josiah Hale's collections in the
it
&
Thomas
mid-nineteenth century (Vincent 1982; Pennell 1935; Allen 1998).
GH
Specimens oiG. jlava collected by Hale exist at GH, NO, and NY. The specimen at is part of a com-
posite sheet containing additional specimens of G. jlava and a single individual of Gratiola neglecta Torr. The
G. jlava specimens are separated on the sheet into six different groups, each of which associated with
is its
own
typed label, packet, or handwritten inscription. The Hale specimen is located in the lower left corner of
&
the sheet above a label bearing the following information: "Torr. Gray; Flora, N. Amer. Louisiana. Hale."
Two
Three of the other specimens on the sheet were collected from Texas. of these are Charles Wright
(s.n.)
On
collections, one from 'Texas" and the other from "Texas. the Colorado [River] below Lagrange [Fayette
One
County]." The third Texas specimen is a collection by Elihu Hall (414) from Hempstead, Waller County.
&
pacl^et containing three individuals, located in the lower right corner, bears the note "Texas Arl^ansas,
Leavenworth (Hb. Torr.)." Just above this packet in the right-central portion of the sheet are two individuals
and the lower right of these specimens there an annotation "Arkansas, Leavenworth."
to is
Whether "Arkansas" here refers to modern Oklahoma or Arkansas unknown. Between 1819 and 1835
is
the Arkansas Territory incorporated both and Melines Conkling Leavenworth was collecting in the upper
West Gulf Coastal Plain when Oklahoma and Arkansas were divided in 1835. To possibly further confuse
matters, in territorial times there was a town of Leavenworth on the Arkansas River in Oklahoma. But from
town
the sheet as a whole, appears unlikely that the reference is to the of Leavenworth.
it
NO,
At Hale specimen and two
there is a that is a collection consisting of a single individual of G. jlava
stems of Gratiola hrevjolia RaL The specimen has no original label data but has been annotated by Francis
W. Pennell Karl A. Vincent 1980-81), and Dwayne Estes 2005). unclear from the
(in 1921), (in (in
It is
whether specimen was
available data this actually collected in Louisiana.
One
At NY, there are two Hale specimens. has a form label that bears the information ''Gratiola jlava.
NY
Josiah Hale, M.D. Alexandria, Louisiana." This specimen was deposited in 1983 and was formerly
at
New
part of the Sartwell Collection Hamilton College in Clinton, York. was annotated by Karl Vincent
at
It
NY
in 1988 but has not been annotated by anyone else. The second specimen at is of a single individual
of G. jlava collected by Hale from "Moist Prairies. April" and was given the collection number "12"; was
it
identified only as Someone later wrote the specific epithet "pusilla Torr." on the specimen follow-
''Gratiola.'''
ing the genus name. This specimen was also annotated by F.W. Pennell in 1920 (as G. tenella Pennell ined.)
and again in 1930 (as G. jlava Leavenworth). Vincent verified the specimen in 1980-81 and provided the
following annotation: "The specimen of Gratiola jlava not type specimen. This Hale collection merely
is a is
cited by Pennell as from Louisiana in his 1935 monograph 83)."
(pg
Examination of available Hale material oiG. jlava revealed that these specimens lack specific locality
all
USDA
Thomas
data. Therefore, quite interesting that and Allen (1998) and the Plants Database (2006)
is
it
map
Thomas
the species from Rapides Parish, Louisiana. and Allen (1998, 159) the Hale specimen
cite
p.
NO
on
at as the basis for the Rapides Parish record in spite of the lack of explicit label data the specimen.
Therefore, the attribution of G. jlava to Rapides Parish likely based on the fact that Hale primarily col-
is
lected in the vicinity of Alexandria where he lived for a period of time (Ewan 2005; Anne Bradburn, Tulane
University, pers. comm.). also possible that the species was attributed to Rapides Parish based on one
It is
NY
Whether
of the specimens at that has a form label with "Alexandria, Louisiana" printed on or not the
it.
specimen actually came from the Alexandria area cannot be known, and possible that this merely
is is
it
the address of Hale and not the origin of the specimen. However, not unreasonable to believe that G.
it is
known
jlava could have been collected from Rapides Parish three reasons. the species from
for First,
is
km
Newton
within a few kilometers of the Louisiana state line in northern County, Texas, only about 55
west of Rapides Parish. Second, the geologic formation with which populations of G. jlava are associated in
Newton
County, the Catahoula Formation, extends eastward into northern Rapides Parish. Last, since the
NO
Hale specimen at was mixed with G. hrevijolia, a species that within Louisiana is found only in Allen,
MacRoberts et al., Arkansas and Louisiana floristic records 765
&
Cameron, and Vernon (Thomas
Beauregard, Calcasieu, Jefferson Davis, Rapides, parishes Allen 1998;
&
Knapp
Estes 2006) mostly in pineland seeps, seems quite plausible that G. flava could have been col-
it
lected by Hale from central or southwestern Louisiana, possibly in Rapides Parish.
Hale specimens from northwestern
Alternatively, also possible that collected the of Gratiola a
is Jlav
it
NY
Louisiana in prairies along the Red River. It is interesting to note that one of the specimens at bears
the label data "Moist Prairies. April" and that similar data are found on one of the specimens of Minuartia
drummondii collected by Hale from Caddo Parish in northwestern Louisiana paper).
(this
The presence of specimens of Gratiola jlava labeled as having been collected from 'Arkansas" (Leavenworth
GH)
prompted us to investigate the literature in search of additional notes concerning the distribution of
s.n.
this species. Small (1903) reported G. jlava (as Gratiola pusilla Torr.) from "prairies" in Arkansas and Texas
without citing any vouchers, although he most likely attributed the species to Arkansas based on a specimen
NY
bearing the label data "Arkansas. Dr. Leavenworth." Later, Pennell (1921) gave the distribution of G.
at
jlava as "sandy prairies in and near the pinelands of southern Arkansas, western Louisiana, and eastern
NY
Texas." Pennell based his citation of the species from Arkansas on the same Leavenworth specimen
at
following Small, and his attribution of the species Louisiana was based on one of the Hale specimens
to at
NY
component
(Pennell 1921, 473). Later, Pennell (1935, 83) maintained G, jlava as a of the Louisiana
p. p.
GH
flora based again on the Hale specimens (at both and NY); however, he did not attribute the species to
synonyms
Arkansas. In the of for G. jlava, Pennell (1935, 83) dismisses the occurrence of the species
list p.
in Arkansas, noting "As no specimen was found marked as from Arkansas,' the plant must have originally
been
attributed to that territory because of Leavenworth's residence there or his form-labels so printed."
a
reported
n (as G.
pusilla) for Arkansas by Small (1913) [Smith probably meant 1903], but apparently not in the state. •>->
—
Extant populations oj Minuartia drummondii and Gratiolajlava in saline prairies in Louisiana In March and
we
April 2006, found thousands of flowering M. drummondii and G. jlava scattered across the 9.7 ha (23.4
On
we
acres) Barron Road Saline Prairie in southern Caddo Parish. 13 April 2006, found thousands of M.
drummondii diud a small number of G. /lava on the 10.9 ha (26.8 acres) Dickson Saline Prairie in northern De
Soto Parish. Subsequently, these two species have been found two more saline prairies in De Soto Parish.
at
The discovery of M. drummondii in these prairies was initially thought to be the discovery in Louisiana
first
NLU
we
since Hale's collections. However, subsequently while visiting found a specimen of M. drummondii
(Thomas 115,384) misidentified as M. muriculata (Maguire) McNeill (M. museorum (Fassett) Rabeler), collected
1990 from Red
in a saline prairie in River Parish.
Saline prairies have been described by Mclnnis et al. (1993), Keith et al. (2004), Lester et al. (2005),
and Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission (2006) in Louisiana, Texas, and Arkansas. Those in Caddo
De mima mounds
and Soto parishes resemble other saline prairies, being open grassy expanses with treed
scattered over them. They are a mosaic of dense to sparse herbaceous vegetation with interspersed bare soils
or The which are typically cryptogamic, are poorly drained with slow permeability and high
"slicks." soils,
sodium The Caddo, De and Red Bonn
content. soil series for the saline prairies in Soto, River parishes
is
known
silt loam (Edwards et al. 1980, 1991). Brimstone and Lafe soils are also to support saline prairies in
Louisiana. In addition to M. drummondii and G.jlava^ species found in Louisiana saline prairies include Ana-
&
gallis minima (L.) Krause, Aristida longespica Poir., Aristida oligantha Michx., Astragalus distortus Torr. Gray,
Cooperia drummondii Herbert, Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt., Crassula aquatica (L.) SchoenL, Croton michauxii G.L.
Webster, Evolvulus sericeus Sw., Fimhristylis puherula (Michx.) Vahl, Geocarpon minimum Mackenzie, Hahranthus
tuhispathus (LHer.) Traub, Houstonia micrantha (Shinners) Terrell, Houstonia pusilla Schoepf, Houstonia rosea
&
DC,
(Raf.) Terrell, Isolepis carinata Hook. Arn. ex Torr., Iva angustijolia Nutt. ex Krigia occidentalis Nutt.,
DC,
Mimosa
Lepuropetalon spathulatum Lotus unijoliolatus (Hook.) Benth., Marshallia caespitosa Nutt. ex
Ell.,
&
museorum
strigillosa Torr. Gray, Minuartia (Fassett) Rabeler, Mirahilis alhida (Walt.) Heimerl, Neptunia lutea
(Leavenworth) Benth., Nothoseordum bivalve (L.) Britt., Opuntia humijusa (Raf.) Raf., Phaeelia glabra Nutt., Pha-
Rumex
laris earoliniana Walt., Plantago pusilla Nutt., hastatulus Baldw., Sahatia eampestris Nutt., Sehedonnardus
766 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 1(1)
paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel, Schoenolirion wrightii Sherman, Sporoholus pyramidatus (Lam.) Hitchc, Sporoholus
&
vaginijlorus (Torr. Gray) Wood., Talinum parvijlorum Nutt., Tradescantia hirsutijlora Bush, Tradescantia oc-
Smyth, and
cidentalis (Britt.) Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr.
we
Since collected M. drummondii and G.Jlava in saline prairies, is possible that Hale also did so. If
it
that is the case and if the label information for his M. drummondii is correct, it would follow that at least some
of the prairies on the Red River floodplain that existed in Caddo Parish in the mid-nineteenth century were
&
(MacRoberts MacRoberts MacRoberts and perhaps was from
saline prairies 1997; 2005), these
et al. it
Hale However, was by Hale
that collected G. jlava. also possible that G. Jlava collected farther to the
it is
south in western or west-central Louisiana quite possibly from Rapides Parish. Given the close proximity
of the newly discovered Louisiana populations Arkansas, quite possible that Leavenworth collected
to is
it
from southwestern Arkansas
G. Jlava in saline prairies or similar habitats.
&M.K
Voucher for Gratiola Jlava. LOUISIANA. Caddo Parish: B.R. MacRoberts 7296 (LSUS), B.R.&M.H. MacRoberts 7310 (TENN).
&
De
Soto Parish: B.R. M.H. MacRoberts 7584 (LSUS), Reid 5724 LSU).
LOUISIANA. Caddo &M.H. De &M.H.
Vouchers for Minuartia drummondii. Parish: B.R. MacRoberts 7314 (LSUS). Soto Parish: B.R.
Red
MacRoberts 7586 (LSUS), Reid 5721 (LSU). River Parish: Thomas 115384 (NLU).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We
who
appreciate the cooperation of Sidney Evans and James Taylor gave permission survey the Bar-
to
We
ron Road thank George Dickson and Ralph Dalton allowing our survey Dickson and Dalton
of
for
site.
prairies and for their interest in the sites. Anne Bradburn, NO, provided photocopies of some of the Hale
GH NY
specimens. Thanks are also extended to the curators of and for assistance during visits to these
and
herbaria loan of specimens.
for
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