Mining Environmental Handbook: Effects of Mining on the Environment and American Environmental Controls on Mining

815 Pages·1997·77.9 MB·English

by  J. J. Marcus

MINING
ENVIRONMENTAL
HANDBOOK
Effects of Mining on the Environment and
American Environmental Controls on Mining

MINING
ENVIRONMENTAL
HANDBOOK
Effects of Mining on the Environment and
American Environmental Controls on Mining
Editor
Jerrold J Marcus
San Mateo, USA
Imperial College Press
Published by
Imperial College Press
51 6 Sherfield Building
ImperiaI Collcgc
London SW7 2AZ
Distributed by
World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
P 0 Box 128. Farrer Road, Singapore 912805
USA @ae: Suite IB, I060 Main Street, River Edge, NJ 07661
UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WCW 9HE
British Library Cataloguing-in-PublicationD ata
A catalogue record for this book is available h mt he British Library.
MINING ENVIRONMENTAL HANDBOOK: EFFECTS OF MINING ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND
AMERICAN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS ON MINING
Copyright 0 1997 by Imperial College Press
All rights reserved. This book, orparts thereof; may not be reproduced in any form or by any meuns, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written
permission from the Publisher.
For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.,
222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher.
ISBN 1-86094-029-3
Printed in Singapore.
PREFACE
Most people who donated their efforts on this Handbook are readily identified either as Editors or Contributing
Authors. Without them, it would have never been completed. However, quite a few individuals, in addition and
otherwise unlisted, provided essential services and their generous dedication demands identification. A prime example
are the executive assistants, secretaries, and computer specialists who graciously helped: the most notable examples are
Mary Curto, Linda Duff, Roger Dyas, Cheryl Gross, Eva Miller, Pam Olson, Gill Porter, Leslie Wells, Eric Zahl, and
Tammy Van Zyl. Lou Prosser of the now defunct U.S. Bureau of Mines especially contributed continually and in
many ways as also did Ivan Uranowitz and Bill Mote of the Northwest Mining Association and Tom Hilliard of the
Minerals Policy Committee. Clayton Pam and Marghret Van Buskirk provided critical input into Chapter 2. Michael
Drozd, Ray Lowrie, and Alan Gilbert were always willing to lend an extra hand as needed (Alan, at times, even lent
two}. Other "White Knights" of note include Lou Cope, Keith Dyas, Barb Filas, and Deepak Malhotra. B&ara Dygert
provided extraordinary encouragement and support. The firms of Amax Gold, Sherman and Howard, and Knight Piksold
offered extended assistance, and their contributions warrant special notice. Finally, without the efforts of Lane White,
taking on the onerous task of copy production, this volume would have never been completed.
On a very personal note, the Editor wishes to thank the staff of the College of San Mateo, who imparted sufficient
knowledge on the use of a PC to get this job done; Fred Leif of the US. EPA who invited a partially tamed old fox
into his chicken coop; and most notable of all, to Evelyn, a miner's wife and life's companion, for continued strong
editorial and. much more importantly, emotional support.
In conclusion, the Editor, a mining operator and planner by training and dedication, has had thc opportunity in the
last few years to meet and work with highly committed environmentalists. Miners and environmentalists art: not very
dissimilar in the strength of their convictions and are overwhelmingly good people. A continued environmentally and
economically sound mining industry will take the cooperation of all interested parues (as the political expression goes:
"we need everyone under one big tent"). Let us once and for all put aside the ruinous "we versus lhcy" mentality, and
remember: "thc cnemy is us'' (a11 of us). If this Hundbouk provides nothing else but bringing together, even in a very
small way, all of those involved in mining environmentalism, then it must be deemed a success. Please he@ make
it sol
Jerrold J. Marcus
Sun Mateo, Calqomiu
June 1996
Published by
Imperial College Press
51 6 Sherfield Building
ImperiaI Collcgc
London SW7 2AZ
Distributed by
World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
P 0 Box 128. Farrer Road, Singapore 912805
USA @ae: Suite IB, I060 Main Street, River Edge, NJ 07661
UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WCW 9HE
British Library Cataloguing-in-PublicationD ata
A catalogue record for this book is available h mt he British Library.
MINING ENVIRONMENTAL HANDBOOK: EFFECTS OF MINING ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND
AMERICAN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS ON MINING
Copyright 0 1997 by Imperial College Press
All rights reserved. This book, orparts thereof; may not be reproduced in any form or by any meuns, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written
permission from the Publisher.
For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.,
222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher.
ISBN 1-86094-029-3
Printed in Singapore.
HANDBOOK KEY PERSONNEL
EDITOR: G. E. Conrad
Interstate Mining Compact Commission
J. J. Marcus 459 - B Carlisle Drive
1569 De Anza Blvd Herndon, VA 22070
San Mateo, CA 94403-3940
L. W. Cope
Placer Consultant
ASSOCIATE EDITORS: 1 I I Emerson Street, #723
Denver, CO 802 18
F. K, Allgaier
Office of Audit and Evaluation M. A. Drozd
Department of Interior Detox and Treatment Consulting, Inc.
P. 0. Box 25007, Mail Stop D 114 7205 South Chase Court
Denver, CO 80225 Littleton, CO 80123-4940
J. A. Cordes B. A. Filas
Room 102, Chauvenet Hall Knight PiBsold
Colorado School of Mines 1050 17th Street, Ste SO0
Golden. CO 80401 Denver. CO 80265-0501
D. R. East A. J. Gilbert
Knight Pidsold Sherman & Howard
1050 17th Street, Stc 500 3000 First Interstate Tower North
Denver, CO 80265-0501 633 Seventcenth Street
Denver, CO 80202
N. W. Kirshenbaum
Placer Domc! U. S., Inc. J. M. Johnson
1 California Street Colder Associates, Inc.
San Francisco, CA 941 11 200 Union Boulevard, Suite 500
Lakcwood, CO 80228
R. W. Phelps
Engineering and Mining JournaI P. Keppler
29 North Wacker Drive Popham, Haik! Schobrich & Kaufman, Ltd.
Chicago, 11,60606 1200 17th Street - Suite 2400
Denver, CO 80202
L. A. Pirozzoli
Black Horse Inn A. J. Krause
Route 3, Box 240 TerraMatrix, Inc.
Warrenton, VA 22 186 1475 Pine Grove Road, Suite 109
P. 0. Box 774018
Steamboat Springs, CO 80477
CHAPTER EDITORS:
J. T. Laman
In-Situ Inc.
F. R. Banta
2 10 S. Third Street
Amax Gold
P. 0. Box I
9 100 East Mineral Circle
Laramie, WY 82070-0920
Englewood, CO 801 12
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viii KEY PERSONNEL
R. L. Lowrie D. W. Struhsacker
1694 North Woodhaven Drive Environmental Permitting and Government Relations
Franktown. CO 801 16 Consultant
3610 Big Bend Lane
Reno. NV 89509
D. Malhotra
Resource Development Inc.
T. Van Haverbeke
1 1475 West Interstate 70, Frontage Road North
Room 102, Chauvenet Hall
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Colorado School of Mines
Golden. CO 80401
C. A. McLean
13805 Ginger Loop D. J. A. Van Zyl
Penn Valley, CA 95946 Golder Associates, Inc.
200 Wnion Boulevard, Suite 500
Lakewood. CO 80228
J. A. Murray
Bechtel, Inc.
Box 3965
PRODUCTION EDITOR:
San Francisco, CA 94 1 05- 1 895
R. L. White
C. Parrish
2816 South Fenton Street
Canyon Resources
Denver, CO 80227
13 142 Denver West Parkway,S uite 250
Golden, CO 80401
EDITOR AT LARGE:
R. L. Schmiermund
Knight Pibold K. E. Dyas
1050 17th Street, Ste 500 15968 Quarry Hill Drive
Denver, CO 80265-0501 Parker, CO 80134
LIST OF CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS
S. Alfers B. J. Beckham
Alfers & Carver Woodward-Clyde Consultants
The Equitable Building Stanford Place 3, Suite lo00
730 Seventeenth Street, Suite 340 4582 South Ulster Street
Denver. CO 80202 Denver, CO 80237-2637
M. Allender
R. T. Beckman
Allen Brand Public Relations
2642 South Kline Circle
427 Broadway
Lakewood, CO 80227-2749
Jackson, CA 45642-2416
F. K. Allgaier D. L. Bentel
P. 0. Box 260583 Steffen, Robertson & ICIrsten
Lakwewood, CO 80226 1755 East Plumb Lane, Suite 241
Reno, NV 89502
J. L. Armstrong
Phelps Dodge Corporation 2. T. Bieniawski
2800 North Central Avenue Pennsylvania State University
Phoenix, AZ 85004
S. Blackstone
R. A. Arnott
41 5 West 2nd Avenue
ERM - Rocky Mountain, Inc.
Windermere. FL 34786
5950 South Willow Drive, Suite 200
Greenwood Village, CO 801 11
G. Blankenship
A. Babich Planning Information Corporation
Environmental Law Institute 1625 Broadway, Suite 2670
1616 P Street, NW Denver, CO 80202
Washington, DC 20036
J. Bokich
R. Backer
Knight Piisold
U. S. Bureau of Mines
1050 17th Street, Ste 500
East 315 Montgomery Avenue
Denver, CO 80265-0501
Spokane, WA 99207-2291
C. L. Boldt
B. C. Bailey
U. S. Bureau of Mines
Noranda Minerals
East 315 Montgomery Avenue
12640 West Cedar Drive
Spokane, WA 99207-2291
Lakewood, CO 80228
A. C. Baldrige A. Born
Battle Mountain Gold Company Alumax, Inc.
5670 Greenwood PIaza Boulevard, Suite 106 Peachtree Parkway
Englewood, CO 801 I1 Norcross, GA 30092-28 12
F. R. Banta S. D, Botts
Amax Gold Echo Bay Mines
9 100 East Mineral Circle 6400 South Fiddlers Green Circle - Suite 1000
Englewood, CO 801 12 Englewood, CO 80 1 1 1-4957
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