Table Of ContentMing China and Vietnam
Studies of Sino-Viet relations have traditionally focused on Chinese
aggression and Vietnamese resistance, or have assumed out-of-date
ideas about Sinicization and the tributary system. They have limited
themselvestonationalhistoricaltraditions,doinglittletoreachbeyond
theborder.MingChinaandVietnam,bycontrast,reliesonsourcesand
viewpoints from both sides of the border, for a truly transnational
history of Sino-Viet relations. Kathlene Baldanza offers a detailed
examination of geopolitical and cultural relations between Ming
China(1368–1644)andDaiViet,thestatethatwouldgoontobecome
Vietnam.Shehighlightstheinternaldebatesandexternalalliancesthat
characterizedtheirdiplomaticandmilitaryrelationsinthepremodern
period, showing especially that Vietnamese patronage of East Asian
classical culture posed an ideological threat to Chinese states.
BaldanzapresentsananalysisofsevenlinkedbiographiesofChinese
and Vietnamese border-crossers whose lives illustrate the entangled
historiesofthosecountries.
KathleneBaldanzaisAssistantProfessorofHistoryandAsianStudiesat
PennsylvaniaStateUniversity.
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StudiesoftheWeatherheadEastAsianInstitute,ColumbiaUniversity
The Studies of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute of Columbia
University were inaugurated in 1962 to bring to a wider public the
results of significant new research on modern and contemporary East
Asia.
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Ming China and Vietnam
Negotiating Borders in Early Modern Asia
Kathlene Baldanza
PennsylvaniaStateUniversity
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UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom
CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge.
ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof
education,learningandresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence.
www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107124240
©KathleneBaldanza2016
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten
permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2016
PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyClays,StIvesplc
AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata
Baldanza,Kathlene,author.
MingChinaandVietnam:negotiatingbordersinearlymodernAsia/Kathlene
Baldanza.
Cambridge, United Kingdom : Cambridge University Press, 2016. | Series:
Studies of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University |
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
LCCN2016000277
LCSH:China–Foreignrelations–Vietnam.|Vietnam–Foreignrelations–
China.|China–History–Mingdynasty,1368–1644.|Vietnam–History–
939–1428.|Vietnam–History–LaterLedynasty,1428–1787.
LCCDS740.5.V5B352016|DDC327.51059709/02–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttp://lccn.loc.gov/2016000277
ISBN978-1-107-12424-0Hardback
ISBN978-1-107-57628-5Paperback
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accurateorappropriate.
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For my family
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Contents
Listoffigures pageix
Listofmaps x
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction:Thepowerofnames 1
PartI SouthernscholarsintheNorth 13
1 AbriefhistoryofAnnan 15
DisplacedbytheMongolwars 17
FromJiaotoAnnan 28
CustomsoftheSouth 40
AhistoryfortheYuancourt 42
TheafterlifeofABriefHistoryofAnnan 47
2 Arecordofthedreamsofanoldsoutherner 49
EstablishmentoftheMing 50
AboundedMing 52
Culturalborders 55
AnexpansiveMing 58
ThebeginningsoftheHodynasty 60
DaiVietreentersthemapofempire 63
Dreamsoffamily,loyalty,andpoetry 71
3 Thenorthernemperorandthesouthernemperor 77
Unintendedconsequencesofempire 79
ThefalloftheLeandtheriseoftheMac 86
TheJiajingemperor’sDaiVietproblem 90
AboundedChinaoranexpansiveempire? 92
Twosunsinthesky 96
Ade-civilizingmission 102
Acloudedmirror 106
vii
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viii Contents
PartII Officialsintheborderlands 111
4 Anofficialatoddswiththestate 113
LinXiyuaninQinzhou 115
MacDangDungandthedong 120
ThefallofLinXiyuan 126
ThefourdongafterLinXiyuan 128
5 Thefearsomepanther 130
Alettertopersuadetheemperor 134
Surrenderaspoliticaltheater 141
Thefearsomepanther 145
Abattleofpoems 155
Thefrustratedautocrat 158
PartIII ThereturnoftheLedynasty 163
6 Rulerandminister 167
Internalcrisis 167
Agoldenman 174
7 Thesparrowandthebamboo 179
PhungKhacKhoan’sembassytoBeijing 180
Holdingritesandmusicdear 183
Asilver-tonguedambassador 189
Asouthernmirror 195
Conclusion:DaiVietintheMing-Qingtransition 204
Workscited 211
Index 223
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Figures
1 Portraitof“Mr.WhiteStone,”JiangYigui.NationalLibrary
ofChina. page131
2 JiangYiguiarrivesattheborder.Theaccompanyingcaption
notes,“They[thecommandersandsoldiers]competedwith
oneanothertoraisethecarriagecurtainsandexposeJiangYigui
tothelight.Theygatheredandgazedathim.”NationalLibrary
ofChina. 149
3 ImageofJiangYiguikneelingbeforetheProvincialMilitary
CommanderMaoBowen,theSecondaryCommanderWeng
Wanda,andtheArmyInspectingCensorZhengZonggu.
NationalLibraryofChina. 150
4 WaitingforMacDangDungattheborderpass.National
LibraryofChina. 151
5 MacDangDungsurrendersbeforetherepresentativeofthe
Mingthrone,MaoBowen.NationalLibraryofChina. 152
6 MacDangDungreturnshomeattheendofalongprocession.
NationalLibraryofChina. 153
7 JiangYiguireportssuccesstoanaltarcontainingtheimperial
edict.Theaccompanyingcaptionsays,“Whatispacification?It
issendingasontobeacaptive.Itisthatcaptiverequestedto
surrenderwhileboundwithropes.Itissubmitting,returning
stolenland,sendingtributeandcallingoneselfatributarystate.
Inthepasteightyears,wewereneversuccessfulinachieving
this,andnowinjustonemorningtheyaresubmissive.”
NationalLibraryofChina. 154
ix
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