Table Of ContentMINERALREFERENCE
MANUAL
Ernest H. Nickel
Monte C. Nichols
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Copyright © 1991 by Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Van Nostrand Reinhold in 1991
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover lst edition 1991
Library ofCongress Catalog Card Number 90-21739
ISBN 978-1-4613-6634-8
AII rights reserved. No part ofthis work covered by copyright hereon may be reproduced
or used in any form by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photo
copying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems-without
written permission ofthe publisher.
16 15 14 13 12 11109876543
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Nichols, Monte C., 1938-
Mineral reference manual / Ernest H. Nickel, Monte C. Nichols.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-1-46l3-6634-8 ISBN 978-1-4615-3678-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-3678-9
1. Minerals. 1. Nickel, Ernest H., 1925- . II. Title.
QE372.2.N53 1991
549-dc20
90-21739
CIP
Introd uction
This manual represents an alphabetical listing of all valid mineral species and includes
the name, formula, current status, crystal system, appearance, hardness, measured and
calculated density, type locality, mineral classification, a reference to the origin of the name,
an indication of related species, and selected literature references for each species including
one for the crystal structure determination when available. This compilation utilizes open
literature references available to the authors through May, 1990.
The data herein are a subset of a comprehensive computerized database compiled by
the authors and currently marketed by Aleph Enterprises under the name "MINERAL ~
a Mineral Reference Book for the IBM PC"; information on this database can be obtained
from Aleph Enterprises, PO Box 213, Livermore, California, 94551, USA.
Because of space limitations, only a subset of the information from the MINERAL
database is provided in this manual. Systematic searches (cross referencing) based on
chemical composition, crystallographic parameters, etc. are much more efficiently performed
using a computer rather than a book and are not provided for here.
The first item for each entry in the book is the name. Mineral names follow the
recommendations of the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names (CNMMN)
of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA). Following the mineral name is
the chemical formula. For the chemical formulas, we have made use of information from
crystal structure determinations when available, tempered by rules for the nomenclature
of inorganic compounds as put forth by the International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry (IUPAC). The status of each mineral is indicated by a symbol in a square box
immediately after the chemical formula. The following symbols are used: [KJ ~ approved
by the CNMMN [1466]; [QJ ~ discredited by the CNMMN [248]; [Q] ~ "Grandfather"
status, ie. minerals introduced before the formation of the CNMMN and generally accepted
by the mineralogical community [1784]; [f] ~ polytypes not specifically given approved
species status by the CNMMN [63]; and [g] ~ questionable status, generally reserved for
those species not specifically discredited by the CNMMN but which haven't been accepted
either [232]. The numbers in square brackets represent the number of minerals having the
designated status.
The next entry indicates the crystal system for the mineral. The abbreviations
used include: Cub. ~ cubic; Tet. ~ tetragonal (quadratic); Hex. ~ hexagonal;
Rhom. ~ rhombohedral; Orth. ~ orthorhombic; Mon. ~ monoclinic; Tric. ~ triclinic
(anorthic); Amor. ~ amorphous. Following the crystal system is a brief description of the
appearance of the mineral.
This is followed by the type locality, which may be incomplete or lacking for some
minerals. We have generally followed the example of Chambers World Gazetteer in that we
have used the anglicized version of the country name but have tried to retain local names
for subdivisions within a given country. For some local names the anglicized version of a
given name is included in parentheses although most local names lack this designation.
For example we use Sardegna for Sardinia, Peimonte for Piedmont, Toscana for Thscany,
Roma for Rome, etc. In rare cases we have retained the English version of the name, Mt.
Vesuvius, for example. Directional indications appear in parentheses and indicate the
portion of a geographical subdivision in which the locality is to be found, Arizona (SW)
indicates that the locality is to be found in southwestern Arizona. When used with a town
or city this designation indicates the direction in which the locality is to be found, Thcson
(SW) indicates that the locality is to be found southwest of Thcson.
Next comes the hardness (Mohs), and the measured and calculated densities (Dm and
Dc respectively).
The multiplicity of approaches to the designation of mineral groups has resulted in no
small confusion (disagreement), and has caused us to avoid using mineral group names in
this edition of the book. We look forward to a consensus on this issue by the mineralogical
community. In place of groups we have chosen to use a classification based on a combination
iv Introduction
of a Roman numeral, an alphabetic character and an Arabic numeral. This designation
constitutes the classification symbol based on the system in Mineralogische Tabellen by
Hugo Strunz (a summary is shown in Appendix A). The Roman numeral and alphabetical
character divide the minerals into broad groups based mainly on chemistry, with the
silicate subdivision based on silicate polymerization. The Arabic numeral specifies the
group to which a particular mineral belongs; a group is defined mainly on the basis of
crystallographic similarities, but minerals with similar chemical compositions are sometimes
included in the group even though they do not exhibit crystallographic affinities with other
members of the class.
The next entry gives the name of the author of the mineral and the date of its
introduction into the literature. In some cases where a mineral has been redescribed or the
name has been changed from the original, this entry will reflect the person and time when
this was done. This is followed by a reference to what we have tried to make the latest, or
most authoritative, literature report. We have attempted to include at least one reference
for each species. If there is a second reference following the first, it will be a reference to the
determination of the crystal structure. The abbreviations used in the references are given in
Appendix B.
The final entry, when present, gives the names of similar or related minerals and is
preceded by the deSignation "See also" .
There are two other entry formats included in the body of the text. One consists of
minerals which have been discredited by the CNMMN since its inception and includes the
discredited name, the reason it was discredited, a reference entry, and the originator of the
mineral name. The other type of entry is for names which, in the past, were considered
mineral names but are now generally accepted to represent groups of minerals, mica for
example. The mineral name is present in a non-bold font for both of these categories as
contrasted to the valid species for which the name is in a bold-faced font. Including these
two formats, there are more than 3800 mineral entries represented in this book.
An abridged synonymy is included as Appendix C. The names included consist mainly
of more "recent" synonyms, especially for minerals whose names may have been changed in
the recent past. It is designed to be consulted when a reader fails to find a given name in
the main text.
On the page following this introduction we include an abbreviated listing of elements
and elemental groupings along with the number of occurrences of each in the chemical
formulas of this book and the MINERAL database mentioned above.
A number of crystal drawings are also included at various places throughout the book.
While many of them have been patterned after drawings in the mineralogical literature,
they have all been completely redrawn using the SHAPE program available from Eric
Dowty, 521 Hidden Valley Road, Kingsport, Tennessee, 37663, USA.
The authors appreciate the advice and kind assistance of the following people in the
preparation of this manuscript: Chr. W. Bauditz, Vejby, Denmark; Pierre Perroud, Geniwe,
Switzerland; Jiri Just, Perth, Australia; Richard Thomssen, Carson City, Nevada, USA;
Peter Embrey, London, England; Jessie Hardman, Long Beach, California, USA; and
Barbara Nichols, Livermore, California, USA. All of these colleagues made helpful comments
and substantive contributions, especially concerning type localities. We also acknowledge
John Sampson White at the Smithsonian and Carl Francis at Harvard for their assistance
in making type locality source materials available to us. Naturally any remaining errors or
omissions are ours.
We welcome readers' suggestions or corrections for all areas of this book, especially for
type locality information where our goal is to assemble a definitive list prior to the next
edition of this manual. Any correspondance concerning this book can be directed to us at
the address below.
Ernest H. Nickel Aleph Enterprises
Monte C. Nichols PO Box 213
Livermore California
94551 USA
Elemental Table
"Element" Symbol No. "Element" Symbol No.
Aluminum Al 787 Nickel Ni 162
Amide NH2 3 Niobium Nb 109
Ammonium NH4 41 Nitrate N03 17
Antimony Sb 233 Osmium Os 12
Antimony-oxygen SbOx 60 Oxonium H30 15
Arsenate As04 221 Oxygen ° 1337
Arsenic As 446 Palladium Pd 91
Arsenite As03 21 Phosphate P04 422
Barium Ba 154 Phosphorus P 429
Beryllium Be 78 Phosphorus-oxygen POx 424
Bismuth Bi 217 Platinum Pt 50
Bismuth-oxygen BiOx 28 Potassium K 302
Boron B 179 Praseodymium Pr
Boron-oxygen BOx 179 Rhenium Re 4
Bromine Br 9 Rhodium Rh 19
Cadmium Cd 9 Ruthenium Ru 15
Calcium Ca 935 Samarium Sm 3
Carbon C 55 Scandium Sc 6
Carbonate C03 243 Selenium Se 101
Cerium Ce 128 Selenium-oxygen SeOx 15
Cesium Cs 9 Silicon Si 1018
Chlorine CI 232 Silicon-oxygen SiOx 992
Chromium Cr 81 Silver Ag 177
Chromium-oxygen CrOx 47 Sodium Na 595
Cobalt Co 107 Strontium Sr 75
Copper Cu 530 Sulfate S04 353
Dysprosium Dy 3 Sulfur S 909
Erbium Er 2 Sulfur-oxygen SOx 357
Fluorine F 246 Tantalum Ta 66
Gadolinium Gd 2 Tellurium Te 167
Gallium Ga 6 Tellurium-oxygen TeOx 50
Germanium Ge 23 Thallium TI 35
Germanium-oxygen GeOx 11 Thorium Th 38
Gold Au 42 Tin Sn 105
Hydroxyl OH 1362 Titanium Ti 233
Indium In 7 Titanium-oxygen TiOx 50
Iodine I 14 Tungstate W04 12
Iodate 103 8 Tungstite W03 3
Iridium Ir 23 Tungsten W 29
Iron Fe 997 Tungsten-oxygen wax 25
Lanthanum La 62 Uranium U 214
Lead Pb 441 Uranium-oxygen UOx 202
Lithium Li 69 Uranyl U02 163
Magnesium Mg 599 Vanadium V 137
Manganese Mn 448 Vanadium-oxygen VOx 127
Mercury Hg 70 Ytterbium Yb 5
Molybdenum Mo 37 Yttrium Y 88
Molybdenum-oxygen MoOx 25 Zinc Zn 199
Neodymium Nd 33 Zirconium Zr 68
Abbreviated listing of name, symbol(s), and the number of occurences of each element or
elemental grouping in the MINERAL database as of May 1990.
A
Abelsonite, NiC31H32N4' [KJ Tric. Semi-metallic/adamantine pink-purple,
reddish-brown. Green River Formation, Uintah Co., Utah, USA. H= < 3, Dm= 1.4,
Dc= 1.45, IXD 01. Milton et al., 1978. Am. Min. 63 (1978), 930.
Abernathyite, K(U02)As0403H20, [QI Tet. Vitreous yellow. Fuemrole
mine, Temple Mt., Emery Co., Utah, USA. H= 2-3, Dm=?, Dc= 3.572, VIID 20b.
Thompson et al., 1956. Am. Min. 41 (1956), 82. Am. Min. 49 (1964), 1578.
Abhurite, Sn30CI2(OH)2' [KJ Rhom. Transparent colorless. Jiddah, Red Sea,
Sharm Abhur, Saudi Arabia. H=?, Dm= 4.29, Dc= 4.34, mc 15. Matzko et al., 1985.
Can. Min. 23 (1985), 233.
Acanthite, Ag2S, [QI Mon. Metallic black; grey in reflected light. H= 2-2.5,
Dm= 7.2, Dc= 7.255, IIA 03. Kenngott, 1855. Can. Min. 12 (1974), 365. Struct.
Repts. 32A (1967), 123.
Acetamide, CH3CONH2, [KJ Hex. Translucent colorless/grey. L'vov-Volynskii
Basin, USSR. H= 1-1.5, Dm= 1.17, Dc= 1.15, IXA 03. Srebrodol'skii,1975. Am. Min.
61 (1976), 338 (Abst.).
Achavalite, FeSe, @] Hex. Metallic. Cacheuta, Argentina. H=?, Dm= 6.53,
Dc=6.716, lIB 09a. Olsacher,1939. N.Jb.Min.Mh. (1972),276.
Achrematite, [ill A mixture of mimetite and wulfenite. Am. Min. 62 (1977), 170.
Mallet, 1875.
Actinolite, C~(Mg, FehSis022(OH)2' [QI Mon. Vitreous green, greyish-green.
H= 5-6, Dm= 3.27, Dc= 3.22, VmD 05b. Kirwan, 1794. DHZ (1963), v.2, 249. Zts.
Krist. 133 (1971), 273. See also Tremolite, Ferro-actinolite.
Acuminite, SrAIF4(OH)oH20, [KJ Mon. Transparent colorless. Ivigtut, Greenland
(SW). H= 3.5, Dm= 3.29, Dc= 3.305, mc 09. Pauly & Petersen, 1987. Am. Min.
73(1988), 1492 (Abst.).
Adamite, Zn2As04(OH), [QI Orth. Vitreous yellow, brownish-yellow, green,
white, etc. Chaiiarcillo, Chile. H= 3.5, Dm = 4.434, Dc= 4.45, VIIB 04. Friedel, 1866.
Acta Cryst. B34 (1978), 715. Am. Min. 61 (1976), 979. See also Eveite, Olivenite,
Paradamite.
Adelite, CaMgAs040H, [QI Orth. Resinous colorless, grey, bluish-grey, yellow,
light green. L8.ngban mine, Filipstad (near), Viirmland, Sweden. H= 5, Dm= 3.73,
Dc=3.74, VIIB lIb. Sjogren, 1891. JCPDS 24-208.
Admontite, Mg2B12020 o1 5H20, [!J Mon. Translucent colorless. Schildmaur,
Admont (near), Austria. H= 2-3, Dm= 1.82, Dc= 1.875, Vc 02. Walenta, 1979. Am.
Min. 65(1980),205 (Abst.). See also Mcallisterite.
Aegirine, NaFeSi206, [QI Mon. Vitreous/resinous dark green, greenish-black.
Rundemyr, Eker, Kongsberg (near), Buskerud, Norway. H= 6, Dm= 3.5, Dc= 3.577,
VIIID 01a. Berzelius, 1835. DHZ, 2nd ed.(1978), v.2A, 482. MSA Spec. Paper 2
(1969), 31.
Aenigmatite, Na2Fe5T iSi602o, [QI Tric. Vitreous black. Ilimaussaq intrusion,
Naujakasik, Tunugdliarfik, Greenland (S). H= 5.5-6, Dm= 3.8, Dc= 3.724, VIIID 07.
Breithaupt, 1865. Am. Min. 59 (1974), 820. Am. Min. 56 (1971), 427.
Aerinite, Ca4(Al, Fe, Mg)lQSi12036(OHh2C03 o1 2H20, [KJ Mon. Translucent blue,
blue-green. Caserras, Aragon, Spain. H= 3, Dm= 2.48, Dc= 2.47, VIIID Olb. von
Lasaulx, 1876. Am. Min. 73(1988), 1498 (Abst.).
Aerugite, Nis.5As3016' [Q] Rhom. Translucent blue-green. Terres mine, St.
Ausdell, Cornwall, England and/or Johanngeorgenstadt, Sachsen (Saxony), Germany.
H=?, Dm= 5.85, Dc= 5.772, VIIB 06. Adam, 1869. Min. Mag. 35 (1965), 72. Acta
Cryst. B45 (1989), 201.
2 Aeschynite-(Ce )
Aeschynite-(Ce), (Ce, Ca, Fe, Th)(Ti, Nbh(0, OH)6' @] Orth. Sub-metallic
resinous black, brown, yellow. Miask, limen Mts., USSR. H= 5-6, Dm= 4.96,
Dc= 6.04, IVD 11. Berzelius, 1828. Dana, 7th ed.(1944), v.1, 793. Struct. Repts. 27
(1962), 535. See also Rynersonite, Vigezzite, Aeschynite-(Y), Niobo-aeschynite-(Ce).
Aeschynite-(Nd), (Nd, Ce, Ca)(Ti, Nb)2(O, OH)6' [g] Syst=? Adamantine
dark/light brown. Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China. H= 5-6, Dm= 4.8, Dc=?, IVD
11. Zhang & Tao, 1982. Am. Min. 69(1984), 565 (Abst.).
Aeschynite-(Y), (Y,Ca,Fe, Th)(Ti,Nbh(0,OH)6' IAl Orth. Sub-metallic
resinous black, brown, yellow. Urstad, Hitterii, Norway (S). H= 5-6, Dm= 4.95,
Dc=?, IVD 11. Levinson, 1966. Strunz (1970), 208. See also Aeschynite-(Ce),
Tantalaeschynite-(Y).
Afghanite, (Na, Ca, K)s(Si, Alh2024 (Cl, S04ls onH20, IAl Hex. Transparent
bluish. Lapis-lazuli mine, Sar-e-Sang, Badakshan, Afghanistan. H= 5.5-6, Dm= 2.55,
Dc= 2.65, VIllF 05. Bariand et al., 1968. Can. Min. 17 (1979), 47.
Afwillite, Ca3(Si03)2(OH)202H20, @] Mon. Vitreous colorless, white. Dutoitspan
mine, Kimberley, South Africa. H= 4.5, Dm= 2.630, Dc= 2.646, VIllA 10. Parry &
Wright, 1925. Min. Jour. 14 (1989), 279. Acta Cryst. B32 (1976),475.
Agardite-(La), (Cu, Ca)6La(As04ls(OH)6 o3H20, IAl Hex. Translucent colorless,
yellowish-green, bluish-green. Red Cloud Fluorite mine, Lincoln Co., New Mexico,
USA. H=?, Dm=?, Dc=?, VIm 17. Fehr & Hochleitner, 1984. Am. Min. 70(1985),
871 (Abst.).
Agardite-(Y), Cu6(Y, Ca)(As04h(0Hk3H20, IAl Hex. Translucent blue-green.
Bou Skour mine, Jbel Sarhro, Morocco. H=?, Dm= 3.72, Dc= 3.61, VIID 17.
Dietrich et al., 1969. N.Jb.Min.Mh. (1983),385. Acta Cryst. C41 (1985), 161.
Agrellite, NaCa2Si40lOF, IAl Tric. Pearly white, greyish, greenish-white. Kipawa
River, Timiskaming Co., Quebec, Canada. H= 5.5, Dm= 2.902, Dc= 2.887, VIllD 18.
Gittins et al., 1976. Can. Min. 14 (1976), 120. Am. Min. 64 (1979), 563.
Agrinierite, (K2, Ca, Sr)(U02h04 o4H20, IAl Orth. Translucent orange. Margnac
mine, Compreignac, Haute Vienne, France. H=?, Dm= 5.7, Dc= 5.62, IVF 12.
Cesbron et al., 1972. Min. Mag. 38 (1972), 781.
Aguilarite, Ag4SeS, @] Orth. Metallic black; white in reflected light. San Carlos
mine, Guanajuato, Mexico. H= 2.5, Dm= 7.586, Dc= 7.562, IIA 03. Genth, 1891.
Can. Min. 12 (1974), 365.
Aheylite, (Fe, Zn)AI6(P04)4(OH)s o4H20, IAl Tric. Translucent pale blue-green.
Mira Flores mine, Huanuni dist., Oruro, Bolivia. H=?, Dm= 2.85, Dc= 2.89, VIID 08.
Foord & Taggart, 1986. IMA 1986, Abst. p. 102.
Ahlfeldite, NiSe03 o2H20, @] Mon. Vitreous brownish-pink, red. Colquechaca,
POtOSI, Bolivia. H= 2-2.5, Dm= 3.37, Dc= 3.51, VIG 01. Herzenberg, 1935. Can. Min.
12 (1974), 304. See also Cobaltomenite.
Aikinite, CuPbBiS3, @] Orth. Metallic grey; creamy-white in reflected light.
Cornwall, England. H= 2-2.5, Dm= 7.07, Dc= 7.25, IID 05a. Chapman, 1843. Am.
Min. 74 (1989), 250. Acta Cryst. B27 (1971), 1245.
Ajoite, (K, Na)Cu7AlSig024(OH)6 o3H20, . @] Tric. Translucent bluish-green. New
Cornelia mine, Ajo, Pima Co., Arizona, USA. H=?, Dm= 2.96, Dc= 2.951, VIIIF 19.
Schaller & Vlisidis, 1958. Am. Min. 66 (1981), 201.
Akaganeite, ,B-FeO(OH, Cl), @] Tet. Brown. Akagane mine, Iwate, Japan. H=?,
Dm= 3.0, Dc= 3.6, IVF 04. Nambu, 1961. Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 270. Acta Cryst.
A35 (1979), 197. See also Feroxyhyte, Goethite, Lepidocrocite.
Akatoreite, Mng(Si, Alho023(OH)g, IAl Tric. Vitreous orange-brown. Akatore
Creek, Eastern Otago, Dunedin, South Island, New Zealand. H= 6, Dm= 3.48,
Dc= 3.47, VIllE lOb. Read & Reay, 1971. Am. Min. 56 (1971),416.
Aliettite 3
Akdalaite, (AI203)4oH20, !Al Hex. Vitreous/porcelanous white. Solvech fluorite
deposit, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, USSR. H= 7.2, Dm= 3.68, Dc= 3.673, IVF 04.
Shpanov et al., 1970. Am. Min. 56(1971),635 (Abst.).
Akermanite, Ca2MgSi207, [Q] Tet. Translucent colorless, greyish-green, brown.
H= 5-6, Dm= 2.944, Dc= 2.944, VIIIB 02a. Vogt, 1884. DHZ, 2nd. ed.(1986), v.1B,
285. N.Jb.Min.Mh. (1981), 1. See also Gehlenite.
Akhtenskite, t~Mn02' !Al Hex. Dark grey, black. Akhtenskii deposit, Ural Mts.
(S), USSR. H=?, Dm= 4.00, Dc= 4.78, IVD 03a. Visser, 1979. Am. Min. 68(1983),
473 (Abst.).
Akrochordite, (Mn, Mgh(As04MOH)4 o4H20, [Q] Mon. Translucent red-brown.
Langban mine, Filipstad (near), Varmland, Sweden. H= 3.5, Dm= 3.2, Dc= 3.26,
VIID 02. Flink,1922. Am. Min. 53(1968),1779 (Abst.). Am. Min. 74 (1989), 256.
Aksaite, MgB607(OH)602H20, [Q] Orth. Translucent colorless, light grey. Ak-Sai,
Kazakhstan, USSR. H= 2.5, Dm= 1.99, Dc= 1.975, Vc 11. Blazko et al., 1962. Am.
Min. 48(1963), 209 (Abst.). Am. Min. 56 (1971), 1553.
Aktashite, CU6Hg3As4S12, [Q] Rhom. Metallic white. Akta.sh mercury deposit,
Gornyi Altai, USSR. H= 4.5, Dm=?, Dc= 5.453, IID Olc. Va.sil'ev, 1968. Am. Min.
58(1973),562 (Abst.). Min. Abstr. 81-2423. See also Nowackiite, Gruzdevite.
Alabandite, a~MnS, [Q] Cub. Sub-metallic black; grey in reflected light.
Alabanda, Caria, Turkey. H= 3.5-4, Dm= 4.0, Dc= 4.056, IIB 11. Beudant, 1832.
N.Jb.Min.Abh. 144 (1982), 107. See also Niningerite.
Alacranite, AS8S9, !Al Mon. Adamantine orange. Uson caldera, Kamchatka,
USSR. H= 1.5, Dm= 3.43, Dc= 3.43, IIB 19. Popova et al., 1986. Am. Min. 73
(1988), 189 (Abst.).
Alamosite, PbSi03, [Q] Mon. Translucent colorless, white. Alamos, Sonora,
Mexico. H= 4.5, Dm= 6.5, Dc= 6.30, VIIID 17. Palache & Merwin, 1909. Dana/Ford
(1932), 567. Zts. Krist. 126 (1968), 98.
Alazanite, 1m Probably marca.site. Am. Min. 60(1975), 161 (Abst.). Ivanitskii et al.,
1973.
Albite, NaAISi308, [Q] Tric. Vitreous/pearly white, bluish, grey, pink, etc.
H= 6-6.5, Dm= 2.63, Dc= 2.623, VIIIF 03. Gahn & Berzelius, 1815. DHZ (1963), v.4,
94. Am. Min. 75 (1990), 135.
Albrechtschraufite, Ca4Mg(U02)2(C03)6F 2 o1 7H20, !Al Tric. Vitreous
yellow-green. Jlichymov (St. Joachimsthal), Zapadocesky kraj, Cechy (Bohemia),
Czechoslovakia. H= 2-3, Dm= 2.6, Dc= 2.67, VbD 04. Mereiter, 1984. Acta Cryst.
A40 (1984), C-247.
Albrittonite, 1m An artificial substance. Am. Min. 67 (1982), 156. Crook & Marcotty,
1978.
Aldermanite, (Mg,CahAI12(P04ls(0H)22032H20, !Al Orth. Pearly colorless.
Moculta quarry, Anga.ston (near), South Australia, Australia. H= 2, Dm=?, Dc= 2.15,
VIID 28. Harrowfield et al., 1981. Min. Mag. 44 (1981), 59.
Aldzhanite, 1m Inadequate data. Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055. Avrova et al., 1968.
Aleksite, PbBi2T e2S2, !Al Hex. Metallic pale grey in reflected light. Alekseev
mine, Sutamskii region, Stanovoi Range, USSR. H= 2.3, Dm=?, Dc= 7.80, IID 0ge.
Lipovetskii et al., 1978. Am. Min. 64(1979), 652 (Abst.).
Alforsite, Ba5(P04hCI, !Al Hex. Transparent colorless. Big Creek, Fresno Co.,
California, USA. H=?, Dm=?, Dc=4.83, VIIB 16. Newberryet al., 1981. Am. Min.
66 (1981), 1050.
Algodonite, Cu6As, [Q] Hex. Metallic grey/white. Algodones, Coquimbo, Chile.
H= 4, Dm= 8.38, Dc= 8.72, IIG 01. Field, 1857. Dana, 7th ed.(1944), v.1, 171.
Aliettite, Cao.2Mg6(Si, AI)802o(OH)4 o4H20, [Q] Syst=? Monte Chiaro, Taro
Valley, Italy. H=?, Dm=?, Dc=?, VIlIE 08c. Veniale & van der Marel, 1969. Can.
Min. 19 (1981), 651.
4 Allactite
Allactite, Mn7(As04MOH)s, [QJ Mon. Vitreous/greasy dark/light purplish-red,
brownish-red. Moss mine, Nordmark, Sweden. H= 4.5, Dm = 3.83, Dc= 3.94, VIIB
lOa. Sjogren, 1884. Dana, 7th ed.(1951), v.2, 785. Am. Min. 53 (1968), 733.
Allanite-(Ce), Ca(Ce,La)(AI,Fe)3(Si04ls(OH), [QJ Mon. Sub
metallic/pitchy/resinous brown, black. Qeqerssuatsiaq, Aluk, Greenland (E). H= 5.5-6,
Dm= 4.0, Dc= 3.99, VIIIB 15. Thomson, 1810. Dana, 6th ed. (1892), 522. Am. Min.
56 (1971),447.
Allanite-(La), (La, Ca)2(AI, Fela (Si04la (OH), [AJ Mon. Karelia (N), USSR.
H=?, Dm=?, Dc=?, VIIIB 15. Levinson, 1966. Am. Min. 51 (1966), 152.
Allanite-(Y), Ca(Y,La,Ce)(AI,Fela(Si04)3(OH), [AJ Mon. H=?, Dm=?, Dc=?,
VIllB 15. Semenov & Barinskii, 1958. Am. Min. 51 (1966), 152.
Allargentum, E-Ag1_xSbx, [QJ Hex. Metallic white. Cadesky Vein, Hi-Ho mine,
Cobalt, Ontario, Canada. H= 3.5, Dm= 10.0, Dc= 10.12, IIG 02. Ramdohr, 1950.
Can. Min. 10 (1970), 163.
Alleghanyite, Mn5(Si04MOH)2' [QJ Mon. Translucent bright/greyish pink. Bold
Hill, Alleghany Co., North Carolina, USA. H= 5.5, Dm = 4.0, Dc= 4.199, VIllA 16.
Ross & Kerr, 1932. Dana/Ford (1932), 600. Am. Min. 70 (1985), 182.
Alloclasite, (Co, Fe)AsS, [QJ Mon. Metallic white. Oravita (Oravicza), Banat,
Romania. H=?, Dm= 5.95, Dc= 5.997, IIC 08. Tschermak, 1866. Can. Min. 11
(1971), 150. Can. Min. 14 (1976), 561. See also Glaucodot.
Allophane, A1203, Si02, H20, [QJ Amor. Vitreous/sub-resinous pale blue, green,
brown, colorless. Griifenthal, Saalfeld (near), Thiiringen, Germany. H= 3, Dm= 1.9,
Dc=?, VIllE 08d. Stromeyer, 1816. Am. Min. 61 (1976),379. Min. Abstr. 76-3277.
Alluaudite, (Na, Ca)2(Mn, Mg, Fe)Fe2(P04la, [AJ Mon. Sub-translucent dirty
yellow, brownish-yellow, green. Vilate quarry, Chanteloube, Haute-Vienne, France.
H= 5-5.5, Dm= 3.45, Dc= 3.62, VilA 05b. Damour, 1848. Min. Mag. 43 (1979), 227.
Am. Min. 56 (1971), 1955. See also Hagendorfite, Ferroalluaudite, Maghagendorfite.
Almandine, Fe3AI2(Si04la, [QJ Cub. Vitreous/resinous red, brown, black.
Alabanda, Caria, Turkey. H= 6.5-7.5, Dm= 4.318, Dc= 4.29, VIIIA 06a. Agricola,
1546. DHZ, 2nd ed.(1982), v.1A, 468. Am. Min. 56 (1971), 791. See also Pyrope,
Spessartine.
Almbosite, [QJ Inadequate data. Am. Min. 66(1981), 878 (Abst.). Ramdohr & Cevales,
1980.
Almeraite, KNaMgCI4oH20, [§] Syst=? Translucent reddish. Suria, Barcelona,
Spain. H=?, Dm=?, Dc=?, IIIB 07. Tomas & Foleh, 1914. Dana, 7th ed.(1951), v.2,
94.
Alstonite, BaCa(C03)2' [QJ Tric. Vitreous colorless, white, greyish, cream, pink.
Alston Moor, Cumberland, England. H= 4-4.5, Dm= 3.707, Dc= 3.69, VbA 04.
Breithaupt, 1841. Lithos 8 (1975), 199. See also Barytocalcite, Paralstonite.
Altaite, PbTe, [QJ Cub. Metallic white. Altai Mts., Mongolia. H= 3, Dm = 8.15,
Dc= 8.31, IIB 11. Haidinger, 1845. Powd. Diff. 2 (1987), 230. See also Clausthalite,
Galena.
Althausite, Mg2P04(OH, F, 0), [AJ Orth. Vitreous grey. Modum, Norway.
H= 3.5, Dm= 2.97, Dc= 2.91, VIIB 03c. Raade & Tysseland, 1975. Am. Min.
61(1976), 502 (Abst.). Am. Min. 65 (1980), 488. See also Holtedahlite.
Althupite, AITh(U02lr{P04)402(OHls o1 5H20, [AJ Tric. Transparent yellow.
Kobokobo, Kivu, Zaire. H=?, Dm= 3.9, Dc= 3.98, VIm 21. Piret & Deiiens, 1987.
Am. Min. 73(1988), 189 (Abst.).
Aluminite, Ai2S04(OH)407H20, [Q] Mon. Earthy white. Garden of the
Paedogogium, Halle, Germany. H= 1-2, Dm= 1.7, Dc= 1.794, VID 03. Haberle, 1807.
Zts. Krist. 151 (1980), 141. Acta Cryst. B34 (1978), 2407. See also Meta-aluminite.
Alunite 5
Aluminium, AI, ~ Cub. Metallic white. Tsepochechnyi intrusive, Siberia, USSR.
H= 2.0-2.9, Dm= 2.707, Dc= 2.710, IA 01a. Oleinikov et al., 1978. Am. Min.65(1980),
205 (Abst.).
Alumino-magnesio-hornblende, C~Mg4AI(Si7AI)OdOH)2' ~ Mon.
Translucent green. H= 5-6, Dm= 3.0, Dc= 3.23, VmD 05b. Leake et al., 1978. Am.
Min. 63 (1978), 1023. MSA Spec. Paper 2 (1969), 117. See also Ferrohornblende,
Magnesia-hornblende.
Alumino-taramite, N~CaFe3AI2(Si6AI2)022(OH)2' ~ Mon. H=?,
Dm=?, Dc=?, VmD 05c. Leake et al., 1978. Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023. See also
Magnesiotaramite, Taramite.
Alumino-barroisite, NaCaMg3AI2(Si7AI)022(OH)2' ~ Mon. H= 5-6,
Dm=?, Dc= 2.94, VmD 05c. Leake et al., 1978. Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023. See also
Ferrobarroisite, Barroisite.
Aluminobetafite, [QJ Inadequate data. Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133. Kawai, 1963.
Aluminocopiapite, (AI, Mg)Fe4(S04MOH, 0)2 -20H20, [ill Tric. Earthy yellow.
Temple Rock, Utah, USA, and, Island Mt., Trinity Co., California, USA. H=?, Dm=?,
Dc= 2.07, VID 04b. Berry, 1947. Can. Min. 23 (1985), 53.
Alumino-ferro-hornblende, C~Fe4Al(Si7AI)022(OHb ~ Mon. Translucent
green. H= 5-6, Dm= 3.2, Dc= 3.23, VmD 05b. Leake et al., 1978. Am. Min. 63
(1978), 1023. MSA Spec. Paper (1969), 117. See also Magnesiohornblende.
Alumino-katophorite, N~Ca(Fe, Mg)4AI(Si7AI)022(OH)2' ~ Mon. H=?,
Dm=?, Dc=?, VmD 05c. Leake et al., 1978. Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023. See also
Magnesia-aluminokatophorite, Ferrikatophorite.
Alumino-tschermakite, C~Mg2AI2(Si6AI2)022(OHh, ~ Mon. Translucent
green. H= 5-6, Dm= 3.13, Dc= 2.88, VmD 05b. Leake et al., 1978. Am. Min. 63
(1978), 1023. See also Tschermakite, Ferrotschermakite.
Alumino-winchite, NaCaMg4AISis022(OH)2' ~ Mon. H=?, Dm=?, Dc=?,
VmD 05c. Leake et al., 1978. Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023. See also Winchite,
Ferrowinchite.
Alumobritholite, [QJ Unnecessary name for aluminian britholite. Min. Mag. 36 (1967),
133. Kudrina et al., 1961.
Alumocobaltomelane, [QJ Mixture. Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261. Ginzberg &
Rukavishnikova 1951.
Alumoferroascharite, [QJ A mixture of szaibelyite and hydrotalcite. Am. Min. 49
(1964), 1501 (Abst.). Serdyuchenko, 1956.
Alumohydrocalcite, CaAI2(C03MOH)4 -3H20, [§] Tric. Chalky white, pale
blue, violet. Khakassy dist., Siberia, USSR. H= 2.5, Dm= 2.231, Dc=?, VbD 02.
Bilibin, 1926. Dana, 7th ed.(1951), v.2, 280. See also Para-alumohydrocalcite.
Alumopharmacosiderite, KAI4(As04MOH)4 -6.5H20, ~ Cub. Translucent
white. Guanaco (NE), Chile. H=?, Dm=?, Dc= 2.676, VnD 14b. Schmetzer et
al., 1981. Am. Min. 66(1981), 1099 (Abst.). See also Pharmacosiderite, Sodium
pharmacosiderite.
Alumotantite, AlTa04, ~ Orth. Adamantine colorless. Kola Peninsula, USSR.
H= 7.5-8, Dm=?, Dc= 5.623, IVD 14a. Voloshin et al., 1981. Am. Min. 67(1982),413
(Abst.).
Alumotungstite, (W, AI)(O, OHM?), [§] Cub. Kramat Pulai mine, Kinta,
Perak, Malaysia. H=?, Dm=?, Dc=?, IVF 15. Davis & Smith, 1971. Min. Rec. 12
(1981), 81.
Alunite, KAI3(S04)2(OH)6' [ill Rhom. Vitreous white, greyish, yellowish, reddish.
Tolfa, Roma (near), Italy. H= 3.5-4, Dm= 2.69, Dc= 2.839, VIE 03a. Beudant, 1824.
Am. Min. 65 (1980), 953. Acta Cryst. 18 (1965), 249.
